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NEGATIVE 

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AUTHOR: 


EUTROPIUS 


TITLE: 


EUTROPIUS 


PLACE: 


NEW  YORK 


DA  TE : 


1898 


COLUMBIA  UNIVERSITY  LIBRARIES 
PRESERVATION  DEPARTMENT 


Master  Negative  # 


BIBLJQGRAPHIC  MICROFORM  TARCFT 


Original  Material  as  Filmed  -  Existing  Bibliographic  Record 


Restrictions  on  Use: 


«       .      .  -  1698** 


Eutropius. 

Eutropius;  ed.  for  school  use  by  J.  C.  Ilazzard.     New 
York,  Cincinnati  |;etc.i  American  book  company  [18981 

24H  |».     Miaj).     \2°. 


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Jan.  26,  9^3-1 


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EDIT  El)   EUR    SCHOOL    USE 


BY 

J.  C.  HAZZARD,  Ph.D. 

PROFESSOR   OF    LATIN,    PORTLAND    ACADEMY 


-<>o>a<o<^ 


KEW  YORK   :•  CINCINNATI  •:•  CHICAGO 

AMERICAN     hOOK     rOMiAW 


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PREFAi  h 


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lu:\.  .iAM)n   COOlMai,   D.I).,  D.C.L.,  LL.D. 


WITH    (iKATEKlL    AFKECTIOX 


Copyright,  1S98,  bt 
AMERICAN   BOOK  COMPANY. 


KUTK0PIU8. 

w.  p.  I 


The  Brprinrinm  of  Eiitro])ius  lias  for  many  years  been  nsed 
suecessfully  in  German  schools,  but,  though  an  American  edi- 
tion was  published  in  the  early  part  of  this  century,  the  author 
has  of  late  years  received  little  attention  in  this  country.  Yet 
in  character  and  subject  the  Breciar'nim  is  admirably  adapted 
for  elementary  work.  While  the  Viri  Romcw  deals  only  with 
the  early  history  of  Rome  and  the  lives  of  a  few  great  men  of 
the  republican  age,  the  Breciaritim  gives  an  outline  of  the 
history  of  Rome  from  the  founding  of  the  city  to  the  death 
of  the  Emperor  Jovian  in  364  a.d.,  and  is  thus  in  subject 
closely  related  to  the  Latin  course.  The  Latin  is  good,  remark- 
ably so  for  the  time  of  its  comi)osition,  and  is  not  so  difficult 
as  that  of  Xepos  or  of  parts  of  the  T7/-/  Romae. 

In  editing  the  text  the  beginner  has  constantly  been  had 
in  mind,  and  so  references  to  the  standard  Latin  Grammars 
have  been  added  more  copiously  than  some  Avill  consider  judi- 
cious. It  has  been  found,  however,  by  experience  in  the  class- 
room, that  a  reference  to  the  grammar  when  carefully  studied 
is  worth  far  more  than  a  translation  of  a  difficult  passage  or 
comment  upon  it.  The  grammatical  references  are  placed  at 
the  bottom  of  the  page  where  they  belong.  In  the  Notes, 
which  are  principally  historical  and  geographical,  the  editor 
has  tried  to  aid  the  student  in  mastering  the  difficulties  that 

3 


2o>^27S 


prp:face 


occur  rather  than  to  do  his  work  for  him.  The  references  to 
the  histories  are  intended  rather  for  the  teacher  than  for  the 
pupil.  If  a  few  minutes  can  be  spent  every  day  in  reading 
to  the  class  the  portions  refered  to,  the  time  will  not  be  wasted, 
and  it  will  fill  in  the  outline  of  the  history  that  the  text  con- 
tains. It  is  strongly  urged  that  each  student  should  be  pro- 
vided with  a  copy  of  some  good  outline  of  Koman  History 
(Creighton's  Primer  is  admirable),  and  follow  the  text  in  it 
from  day  to  day.  In  this  way  a  knowledge  of  the  principal 
facts  of  Koman  History  may  be  obtained  Avith  but  slight 
conscious  effort  on  the  part  of  the  student. 

in  the  analyses  of  the  books  and  the  chapters  the  accepted 
dates  have  been  given,  indicating  where  Eutropius  is  mistaken 
in  his  chronology.  In  nuirking  the  cpiantities  of  the  long 
vowels,  Lewis,  in  his  Eleuientart/  Latin  Dictionary,  has  been 
followed,  except  where  later  authorities  differ  from  him. 

The  editor  desires  to  acknowledge  his  obligation  to  Kev.  J. 
i:  \\  ilson,  T>  ] '  .  Trincipal  of  Portland  Academy,  for  advice  and 
assistance,  and  to  Professors  Arrowsmith  and  Whicher,  for  per- 
mission to  use  material  from  their  First  Latin  Readings. 

The  Grammars  cited  are  Harkness'  Standard  Latin  Gram- 
mar (H.),  IMooney  (M.),  Allen  and  Greenough  (A.  &  G.),  Gil- 
dersleeve  (G.),  and  Bennett  (B.\  Peferences  to  Harkness' 
iiiv.  LaiiiiGrammai^  (1898)  will  be  found  on  p.  242. 

J.  C.  H. 

Portland,  Oregon, 
June,  1898. 


CONTENTS 


TEXT 


IJOOK    I 

Book  II 
Book  hi 
Book  IV 
Book  V 
Book  VI 
Book  VII 
Book  VIII 
Book  IX 
Book  X 
Bihi-io(;i;ai 


II  V 


Like  of  Ki  ihopius 


•  • 


•  • 


•  » 


PAOE 
t 

16 
27 
36 
46 
51 
02 
73 
83 
94 
104 
105 


NOTES 


Book  I 

• 

105 

Book  II       . 

• 

114 

Book   III     . 

4 

121 

Book   IV     . 

120 

Book  V 

< 

130 

Book  VI     .         . 

140 

lioOK    VII    . 

.     147 

Book  VIII 

.     153 

Book   IX     . 

.     158 

Book  X 

.     100 

VoCABrLAIlV 

.     104 

mvi 


BREVIAUII    Ai:    llll'.E   CoSUlTX 


LIBEU     I'iUAil.-^ 


From  the  Fouxding  of  Rome  to  the  Capture  of  the 
City  hv  the  Cauls,  753-390  b.c  The  Regal  Period, 
753-509  H.r. 


Rome  Founded,  753  ha:.     Eomidus,  753-71G  b.c. 

1.  Roinanuni  iiupen'iuiu  a  Koiiiulo  exordium  habet,  qui 
Rlieae  Silviae,  Vestalis  virginis,  fllius  et,  quantum  putatus 
est,  Martis,  cum  Kemo  fratre  fino  partu  editus  est.  Is  cum 
inter  pastores  latrocinaretur,'  decem  et  octo  annos^  natus 

5  urbem  exiguam  in  Palatlno  monte  constituit,  xi  Kal.  Maias, 
Olympiadis  sextae  anno  tertio,  ]>ost  Troiae  excidium,  anno 
trecentesimo  nonagesimo  quarto. 

2.  Condita  clvitate,^  quani  ex  nomine  suo  Romam  voca- 
vit,  haec  fere  egit.     jMultitudinem  flnitimorum  in  cTvitatem 

10  recepit,  centum  ex  senioribus  *  legit,  quorum  consilio  omnia 
ageret,'"'  quos  senatores  nominavit  propter  senectutem.  Turn, 
cum  uxores  ipse  et  populus  suus  non  liaberent,^  invltavit 
ad  spectaculum  Ifiddrum  vIcTnas  urbl  Romae  natidnes  at(iue 

1  H.  521,  II,  2  ;  M.  ;J47  ;  A.  &  G.  325  ;  G.  585  ;  B.  288. 

2  H.  379  ;  M.  197  ;  A.  &  G.  25(5 ;  G.  330 ;  B.  181,  1. 

3  H.  431  ;  M.  255,  1  ;  A.  &  G.  255,  d,  1  ;  G.  409  ;  B.  227,  2,  a. 

*  H.  397,  3,  N.  3  ;  M.  225,  n.  2  ;  A.  &  G.  216,  c  ;  G.  372,  r.  2  ;  B.  201,  1,  a. 
6  H.  497,  I  ;  M.  382,  3  ;  A.  &  G.  317,  2  ;  G.  630  ;  B.  282,  2. 
6  H.  517  ;  M.  355  ;  A.  &  G.  326  ;  G.  586  ;  B.  286.  2. 

7 


•  •  •  •  s  •-  * 
« •  •  •  •    •  •  ,  •  •     •      '   .    .    t   , 


8 


•  •••••,•,,••••••  •««^€»  ■ 


eanim  vSr^ijiYs/rajmii';  'Commotls  bellls  propter  raptfirinn 
iiiiuriam  ^'aeMiiie^rrfes' viti-t^Aiitemnates,  Criistumiiios,  Sabl- 
1103,  Fidenates,  Veientes.  Haec  omnia  oppida  urbein  ciu- 
gimt.  Et  cum  orta  subitu  tempestate  iioii  comparuisset, 
5  anno  regiil  trlcesimo  septimo  ad  deos  translsse  creditus  est 
et  cdiisecratus.  ])eiude  liomae^  per  (piinos  dies  senatores 
imperaverunt  et  liis  regnantibus  annus  unus  completus  est. 

Kiima  Foinpilius,  715-G72  b.c. 

3  T^ostea  IsTuma  Pompilius  rex  creiitus  est,  qui  belbim 
quidem  nulbim  gessit,  sed  non  minus  clvitati-  quamliomubis 
10  profuit.  Nam  et  leges  llomanis  nioresijue  constituit,  qui 
consuetudine  itrueliorum  iam  latrOnes  ac  semibarbari  puta- 
bantur,  et  annum  descrlpsit  in  decern  menses  prius  sine 
aliqua  supputatione  confusum,  et  inflnlta  llumae  sacra  ac 
templa  constituit.  Morbd  deeessit  quadragesimo  et  tertio 
15  imperil  anno. 

Tullus  IIo,stiIins,  672~r)40  b.c. 

4.  Huic  successit  Tulhis  Hostllius.  Hio  bella  reparavit, 
Albanos  vicit,  ([ui  ab  urbe  Tldma  duodecimo  mlliario^  sunt, 
Veientes  et  Fidenates,  quorum  alii  sexto  mlliarid  al)sunt 
ab  url)e  Ildma,  alii  octavo  decimo,  bello  superavit,   ui-bem 

20  ampliavit  adiectd  Caelid  monte.    Cum  trlginta  et  duos  annos 
regnasset,*  fulmine  ictus  cum  domd  sua  arsit. 

Ancns  3Tarcuis,  640-616  b.c. 

5.  Post  hunc  Ancus  Marcius,  Numae  ex  fllia  nepds,  susce- 
pit  imperium.    Contra  Latinos  dimicavit,  Aventlnum  moiitem 

1  H.  425,  II ;  M.  242,  1  ;  A.  &  G.  258,  r,  2  ;  G.  411  ;  B.  282,  1. 
.    2  H.  380  ;  M.  202  ;  A.  &  G.  228  ;  G.  347  ;  R.  187,  III. 

8  H.  425,  II,  2,  N.  2  ;  M.  241,  2  ;  A.  &  G.  258, /,  2  ;  G.  385,  n.  1  ;  B.  228, 1,  h. 
'  \l    J  ::      M.  100,  1  ;  A.  &  G.  128,  a,  1  ;  G.  131,  1  ;  B.  110,  1. 


LIBER  L  9 

clvitati  adiecit  et  laniculum,  apud  ostium  Tiberis  civitatem 
suprfi  mare  sexto  decimd  miliarid  ab  urbe  Kdma  condidit. 
Vicesimd  et  (juartd  anno  imperii  morbd  periit. 

Lucius  Tar(jui)iius  J*riscus,  616-578  B.C. 

6.  Deinde  regnum  Priscus  Tarquinius  accepit.    Hic  nume- 
5  rum  senatdrum  duplicavit,  circum  Kdmae  aedificilvit,  ludds 

Rdmands  instituit,  (|ul  ad  nostram  memoriam  permanent. 
Vicit  idem  etiam  Sablnds  et  non  parum  agrdrum  sublatum 
Isdem  urbis  Kdmae  territdrid  iunxit,  })rlmus(pie  triuni]>lians 
urbeni  intravit.  Murds  fecit  et  cloacas,  Cai)itdlium  incolui- 
10  vit.  TrIcesimo  octavo  imperii  amid  per  Anci  filids  occTsus 
est,  regis  eius,  cui  ipse  successerat. 

Sen'iua  Tullius,  578-534  b.c. 

7.  Post  bunc  Servius  Tullius  suscepit  imperium,  genitus 
ex  ndbilT  femina,  captlvii  tamen  et  ancillil.  Hic  quoque 
Sablnds  subegit,  inontes  tres,  Quirlnrdem,  Vrminalem,  Esqui- 

15  limim,  urbi  adiunxit,  fossas  circum  murum  duxit.  Primus 
omnium  censum  drdinavit,  (pil  adhfic  per  orbem  terrarum 
incognitus  erat.  KSub  ed  Kdma  omni])us  in  censum  delatis 
liabuit  capita  lxxxiii  milia  civium  Kdmandrum  cum  lils, 
qui  in  agris  erant.     Occlsus  est  scelere  generl  sul  TaivjuinI 

20  Superbl,  fllil  eius  regis  cui  ii)se  successerat,  et  filiae  quam 
Tar(]uiiiius  liabebat  uxdrem. 


Lucius  Tarf/uim'us  Suj^erMiSj  534-510  b.c. 

8.  L.  Tarcjuinius  Superbus,  septimus  atque  ultimus  regum,' 
Volscds,  quae  gens  ad  Campaniam  euntibus-  ndn  longe  ab 
iirbe   est,   vicit,   Gabids   civitatem    et    Suessam   Pdmetiam 

1  II.  307,  3  ;  M.  225,  3  ;  A.  &  G.  210,  a,  3  ;  G.  372  ;  B.  201.  1. 

2  H.  384,  4,  N.  3  ;  M.  210  ;  A.  &  G.  235,  b  ;  G.  353  ;  B.  188,  2,  a. 


10 


EUTROPr   BREVIARII 


LIBKK    r. 


11 


subegit,  cuiii  Tuscis  paceni  fecit  et  templum  lovi  in  Capi- 
tolio  aedificavit.  Postea  Ardeain  oppugnaiis,  in  octavo 
decinio  nilliario  ab  urbe  Konia  })Ositam  clvitateni,  imperium 
perdidit.  Nam  cum  filius  eius,  et  ipse  Tarquinius  iuuior, 
5  nobilissimam  feminam  Lucretiam  eandemque  pudlcissimam, 
Collatlni  uxorem,  stuprasset  eaque  de  iniuria  marlto  et  patrl 
et  amlcis  qiiesta  fiiisset,  in  omnium  conspectu  se  occidit. 
Propter  (piam  causam  Prutus,  parens  et  ipse  TarquinT, 
poi)uhini  concitavit  et  Tarquinio^  ademit  imperium.     ^lox 

10  exercitus  ([uofpie  eum,  <juT  civitatem  Ardeam  cum  ipso  rege 
oppugnabat,  relupiit ;  veniens(pie  ad  urbem  rex  portis  clausls 
excliisus  est,  cunuiue  inq)erasset  annos  quattuor  et  viginti 
cum  uxore  et  llberls  suls  fugit.  Tta  liomae  regnatuni  est 
per  se]>tem   reges  anr.Is  duceutls   quadraginta  tribus,   cum 

15  adliuc  lloma,  ubi  phlrimum,  vix  fisijue  ad  (pilntum  decinuim 
mlbarium  possideret. 

EstablUhment  of  the  RepiihJir.     Election  of  Conauls,  509  h.<'. 

9.  liinc  cdnsules  coepere,  jn-o  uno  r^ge  duo,  hac  causa 
creati,  ut,  sT  unus  nudus  esse  voluisset,'-'  alter  eum  liabeus 
potestjltem    similem    coerceret.^      Et  ])lacuit  ne   imperium 

20  longius  (puim  annuum  haberent,^  ne  per  diuturnitatem  pote- 
stalis  Tnsolentiores  redderentur,  sed  cTvTles  semper  essent, 
qui  se  post  annum  sclrent  futfiros  esse  prlvatos.  Fuerunt 
igitur  aniul  prlnid  ab  expulsis  regibus  consules  L.  Tunius 
Brutus,  qui  maxime  egerat  ut  Tarquinius  pelleretur,  et  Tar- 

25  quinius  CollatTnus,  marltus  Lucretiae.  Sed  Tanjuinio  Colla- 
tlno  statim  sublata  est  dlgnitas.    Placuerat  enim  ne  quisquam 

1  H.  385,  II,  2 ;  M.  211  ;  A.  &  G.  229  ;  G.  345,  n.  1  ;  B.  188,  2,  d. 

2  II.  509,  N.  3  ,  M.  403  ;  A.  &  (J.  337,  a,  3 ;  G.  596,  2  ;  B.  320. 

3  H.  497,  II ;  M.  328  ;  A.  &  G.  317,  1  ;  G.  545,  1  ;  B.  282,  1. 
*  II.  498,  1  ;  M.  333,  1  ;  A.  .<:  G.  331.  il  \  (J.  54f') ;  B.  295,  4. 


I 


in  urbe  maneret  (piT  Tanpiinius  vocaretur.  Ergo  accepto 
omul  patrimdnid  sud  ex  uibe  migriivit  et  loco  ipsius  factus 
est  L.  Valerius  l*ublicola  consul. 

War  intli   'rarfjtn'iu'us. 

10.  Commdvit  tamen  bellum  urb!  l-vdmao  rex  Tarquinius, 
5  qui  fuerat  expulsus,  et,  conlr»ctIs  multis  gentil)us,  ut  in  re- 

gnum  posset  restitui  dimicavit.  In  prima  pugna  J^rutus  con- 
sul et  Aruns,  TarquinI  filius,  in  vicem  se  occiderunt,  Hdmani 
taiuen  ex  efi  pugna  victdres  recesserunt.  •P)rutum  matrdnae 
Kdmanae,   defensdrem    pudlcitiae   suae,   quasi    communem 

10  patrein  per  annum  luxerunt.  Valerius  I'ublicola  Sj).  Lucre- 
tium  Tricipitlnum  conlegam  sibi  fecit,  Lucretiae  patrem,  (pid 
morbd  mortud  iterum  Horatium  Pulvillum  conlegam  sibi 
sumpsit.  Tta  primus  annus  quliupie  cdnsules  liabuit,  cum 
Tarquinius  Collailnus  proi)ter  ndmen  urbe  ^  cessisset,  Brutus 

15  in  proelid  perlsset,  Sp.  Lucretius  morbd  mortuus  esset. 

War  7vitJi  Porseima,  508  b.c. 

11.  Secundd  quoque  annd  iterum  Tarfpiinius  ut  recipere- 
tur  in  regnum  bellum  Rdmanls  intulit,  auxilium  el  ferente 
Porsenna,  Tusciae  rege,  et  Rdmam  ])aene  cepit.  Verum 
tuni  quoque  victus  est. 

20  Tertid  annd  post  reges  exactds  Tarquinius  cum  susci})I 
ndii  posset  in  regnum  necpie  el  Porsenna,  (pii  pficem  cum 
Kdmanis  fecerat,  praestaret  auxilium.  Tusculum  ^  se  contulit, 
(juae  civitas  ndn  longe  ab  urbe  est,  atque  ibi  per  quattuor- 
decim  annds  privatus  cum  iixdre  cdnsenuit. 

25  Quartd  annd  post  reges  exactds.  cum  Sabinl  Kdmanis 
bellum  intulissent,  victi  sunt,  et  de  Lis  triumpliatum  est. 

1  H.  412,  2  ;  M.  233,  2  ;  A.  &  G.  258,  a,  n.  2  ;  G.  390,  2  ;  B.  229,  1. 
-^  H.  380,  II ;  M.  199,  1  ;  A.  &  G.  258,  h ;  G.  337  ;  B.  182,  1,  a. 


12  EUTROPl  BREVIARII 

QuTnto  anno  L.  Valerius  ille/  Briitl  conlega  et  qualer 
consul,  fataliter  mortuus  est,  adeo  pauj)er  ut  conlatis  a  popiild 
nunniils  suniptum  habuerit^  sepultui'ae.  Quern  matronae 
sicutl  Brutum  annum  luxerunt. 

Institution  of  the  Dictatoishij),  501  b.c. 

6  12.  Nono  anno  post  reges  exactos  cum  gener  Tarquini 
ad  iniuriam  socerl^  vindicandam '^  ingentem  conlegisset  exer- 
citum,  nova  Komae  dignitas  est  creata,  quae  dictatura  appel- 
latur,  maior  quam  consulatus.  Eodem  anno  etiam  magister 
equitum  f actus  est,  qui  dictatorl  obsequeietur.    iSIeque  quic- 

10  quaui  simili'js  potest  dici  quam  dictatura  antiqua  liuic 
imperil  potestati,  quam  muic  Tranquillitas  Vestra  liabet, 
maxime  cum  Augustus  quoque  Octavianus,  de  quo  postea 
dicemus,  et  ante  euni  0.  Caesar  sub  dictaturae  nomine  atque 
lionore  regnaverint.      Dictator  autem  Kdmae   primus  fuit 

15  T.  Larcius,  magister  equituui  primus  Sp.  Cassius. 

Secession  of  the  Plebeians.     Establishment  of  the  Tribunate, 

494  B.C. 

13     ?>ext(3   decimo   anno   post  reges   exactos   seditionem 

populus  Kdmae  fecit,  tamquam  a  senatu  atque  cdnsulibus 

premeretur.    Turn  et  ipse  sibi  tribunds  plebis  quasi  proprids 

indices  et  defensdres  creavit,  per  quds  contra  senatum  et 

20  cdnsules  tutus  esse  posset. 


1  H.  450.  1   M  i  [3,  1  ;  A.  &  G.  102,  b ;  G.  307,  2  ;  B.  246,  3. 

2  H.  500,  II  :  405,  VI ;  M.  337 :  316,  2  ;  A.  «Sb  G.  319,  1  :  287,  c,  r.;  G. 
552,  1  :  513  ;  B.  284,  1  :  268,  6. 

8  H.  306,  III ;  M.  216  ;  A.  &  G.  217  ;  G.  363,  2  ;  B.  200. 
*H.  542,  11  r,N.  2:544,  1;  M.  291  :  297  ;  A.  &  G.  300  :  318,  Z> ;  G.  432,  r.; 
B.  338,  3  :  339,  2. 


LIBI  I^    L 


1;: 


War  icith  the  Volsci,  493  B.C. 

14.  SequentI  anno  Volsci  contra  Kdmands  bellum  repara- 
verunt,  et  victi  acie  etiam  Coriolds  civitatem,  quam  liabebant 
optimam,  perdiderunt. 

Coriolanus,  491  B.C. 

15.  Octavd  decimd  annd  postipiam  reges  eiecti  erant  expui- 
5  sus  ex  urbe  Q.  Marcius,  dux  Rdmanus,  qui  Coriolds  ceperat, 

Volscdrum  civitatem,  ad  ipsds  Volscds  contendit  Iratus  et 
auxilia  contra  Bdnuinds  accepit.  Rdmands  saepe  vicit,  us(iue 
ad  quintum  mlliarium  nrbis  accessit,  op})uguaturus  ^  etiam 
patriam  suam,  legatls  qui  pacem  petebant  repudiatis,  nisi 
10  ad  eum  mater  Veturia  et  uxor  Volumnia  ex  urbe  venissent," 
quarum  fietu  et  deprecatidne  sui)eratus  remdvit  exercitum. 
Atque  lilc  secundus  post  Tarquinium  fuit  qui  dux  contra 
patriam  suam  esset. 

Slaughter  of  the  Fabii,  477  B.C. 

16.  C.  Fabid  et  L.  Virglnid  cdnsulibus  trecenti   ndbiles 
15  lionunes,  qui  ex  Fabia  familia  erant,  contra  Veientes  bellum 

sdli  susceperunt,  ju'duuttentes  senatui  et  populd  per  se  omne 
certamen  implendum.  Itaque  profecti,  oumes  ndbiles  et 
<pil  singull  nuigudrum  exercituum  duces  esse  deberent.  in 
proelid  conciderunt.  Unus  omnind  superfuit  ex  tanta  fami- 
20  liii,  (pil  propter  aetatem  puerllem  duel  ndn  j)otuerat  ad 
pugnam.  Tost  liaec  census  in  urbe  habitus  est  et  inventa 
sunt  civium  capita  cxvir  milia  cccxix. 


1  IT.  549,  3  ;  M.  283  ;  A.  &  G.  293,  b,  3  ;  G.  640,  4,  (2)  ;  B.  304,  3,  b. 

2  H.  510  ;  M.  366  ;  A.  &  G.  308  ;  G.  597  ;  B.  304. 


14 


EUTROn  BREVIARTT 


Dictatorship  of  CincinnatuSy  458  B.C. 

17.  SequentI  tamen  anno  cum  in  Algido  monte  ab  iirbe 
duodecimo  ferine  nilliario  Komanus  obsideretur  exercitus,  L. 
Quintius  Cincinnatus  dictator  est  factus,  qui  agrmo  quattuor 
iugerfini  ^  possidens  nianibus  suls  colebat.     Is  cum  in  opere 

5  et  arans  esset  inventus,  siidore  deterso  togam  praetextam 
accepit  et  caesis  hostibus  libera vit  exercitum. 

JJecenivh'8  appouded,  451  n.c.  Laws  of  XII  Tables  promul- 
gated, 450  B.C.  Death  of  Vhyinla;  Decemvirs  deposed, 
449  B.C. 

18.  Anno  trecentesimo  et  altero  ab  urbe  conditii  imperium 
cOnsulare  cessavit  et  pro  duobus  consulibus  decern  fact! 
sunt,  qui  summani  potestatem  liaberent,  decemviri  nominatl. 

10  Sed  cum  prim 6  anno  bene  egissent,-  secundo  unus  ex  his, 
Ap.  (Uaudius,  Virglnl  cuiusdam,  qui  honestls  iam  stlpendils 
contra  Latinos  in  monte  Algido  mllitarat,^  filiam  virginem 
coiTumpere  voluit ;  quam  pater  occldit,  ne  stuprum  a  decem- 
viro   sustineret,   et   regressus  ad  mllites  movit  tumultum. 

15  Hublata  est  decemvirls  ^  potestas  ipslque  damnati  sunt. 


Revolt  of  the  Fidenates,  438  b.c. 

19.    Anno  trecentesimo  et  quinto  decimo  ab  urbe  condita 

Fidenates   contra  Komanos  rebellaverunt.      Auxilium   his 

praestabant  Veientes  et  rex  Yeientium  Tolumnius.      Quae 

ambae  civitates  tarn   viclnae  urbl  sunt  ut   Fidenae  sexto, 

20  Vel   octavo   decimo  mlliario  absint.     Coniunxerunt  se  his 

i  H.  300.  V  ;  M.  223  ;  A.  &  G.  215,  b  ;  G.  365  ;  B.  203,  2. 

2  H.  515,  in     M.  378,  1  ;  A.  &  G.  326  ;  G.  587  ;  B.  300,  3. 

8  H.  235  ;  M.  100,  1  ;  A.  &  G.  128,  a  ;  G.  131,  1  ;  B.  110,  1. 

4  H.  385,  11,  2  ;  M.  211  ;  A.  &  G.  229 ;  G.  345,  r.  1  ;  B.  188.  2,  d. 


iAiWAl    1. 


M 


et  Volscl.  Sed  jSIam.  Aemilio  dictatore  et  L.  Quintid  Cin- 
cinnjlto  magistro  equitum  victi  etiam  regem  perdiderunt. 
Fidenae  captae  et  exclsae." 

War  in'th  Vet,  396  b.c. 

20.  Tost  viginti  deinde  annos  VcientanI  rebellaverunt. 
.5  1  )i('tritor  contra  ipsos  missus  est  Furius  Camillus,  qui  i)rlmum 
cos  vicit  acie,  mox  etiam  civitatcm  diu  obsidens  ccpit, 
antlquissimam  Italiae  atque  ditissimam.  Post  earn  cepit 
et  Faliscos,  non  minus  nobilem  civitatem.  Sed  commota 
est  el  invidia,  quasi  praedam  male  divisisset,  damnatusque 
10  ob  earn  causani  et  expidsus  clvitate.^ 


Rome  Captured  hi)  the  GauJs,  390  B.C. 

Statim  (xalll  Senones  ad  ur])em  venf'runt  et  victos  IJo- 
luanos  undecimo  mlliari(3  fi  KomJi  apud  tinmen  Alliam  secntl 
etiam  urbem  occupaverunt.  Neque  defend!  (juicquam  nisi 
Capitolium  potuit;    quod  cum  diu  obsedissent  et  iam   Ro- 

15  mfinl  fame  labdrarent,  accepto  aurd,  ne  Capitolium  obside- 
rent,  recesserunt.  Sed  a,  Camilld,  qui  in  vidua  civitatc 
exsulfibat,  Gallls^  superventum  est  gravissimecjue  victi  sunt. 
Fostea  tamen  etiam  secutus  eds  Camillus  ita  cecldit  ut  et 
aurum,   quod    his    datum   fuerat,   et   omnia   quae   ceperant 

20  mllitaria  slgna  revocaret.  Ita  tertid  triumplians  urbem 
ingressus  est  et  ai)pellatus  secundus  lldmulus,  quasi  et  ipse 
patriae  conditor. 

1  li.  414,  I  ;   M.  236  ;  A.  &  G.  243  ;  G.  300,  2  ;  B.  214,  1. 

-  H.  384,  II,  5  ;  M.  205,  n.;  A.  &  G.  230 ;  G.  217  ;  B.  187,  11,  b. 


iu 


EUTROPI  BKEVlAllir 


Liri'!^    IT. 


17 


LIB!  n    SECUNDUS 

From   the  Capture   of   the  City   to   the  End  of  the 
First  Funic  War,  390-241  b.c. 


Militanj  Tribunes  icith  Consular  Power  Elected,  444  n.c, 
1.  Anno  trecentesimo  sexagesimo  quinto  ab  iirbe  condita, 
post  captani  autem  primo,  dignitates  mutatae  sunt,  et  pro 
duobus  consulibus  facti  tribunlmllitares  consnlarl  potestate. 
llinc  iani  coepit  Romana  res  crescere.  Isnm  CamiUus  eo 
5  anno  Yolscorum  civitatem,  quae  per  septuaginta  annos 
bellum  gesserat,  vicit  et  Aequomm  urbem  et  Sutrlnoruni 
atqiie  omnes  deletis  earundem  exercitibus  occupavit  et  tres 

simul  triumphos  egit. 

2    T.  etiani  Qumtius  Cincinnatus  Fraenestlnos,  qui  usque 

10  ad  urbis  Romae  portas  cum  bello  venerant,  persecfitus  ad 
fliimen  Alliam  vlcit,  octo  civitates,  quae  sub  ipsis  agebant, 
llomanls  adiimxit,  ipsum  Fraeneste  aggressus  in  deditidnem 
accepit.  Quae  omnia  ab  eo  gesta  sunt  viginti  diebus,^ 
triumphusque  ipsi  decretus. 

15  3.  Verum  dignitas  tribfiuorum  mllitarinm  non  diu  perse- 
veravit.  Nam  post  aliquantum  nfdlos  placiiit  lieri  et  qua- 
driennium  in  urbe  ita  fluxit  ut  potestates  ibi  maiores  non 
essent.  Fraesilmpserunt  tamen  tribuni  mllitares  consularl 
potestate   iterum   dignitatem   et   triennio   perseveravemnt. 

20  Rursus  consules  facti. 

Death  of  CamiUus,  305  b.c. 
4     I      aonucio   et   Q.    Servilio   consulibus    mortuus   est 
CamiUus.     Honor  ei  post  Romuhim  secundus  dtdatus  est. 
1  11.  129  ;  M.  243,  1 ;  A.  &  G.  256 ;  G.  393  ;  B.  231. 


Invasion  of  the  Gauls  ;    Torquatus,  361  B.C. 

5  r.  Qiiintius  dictator  adversus  (iallos,  qui  ad  Italiam 
venerant,  missus  est.  Hi  ab  urbe  (piarto  mlliario  trans 
Anienem  liuvium  consederant.  Ibi  nobilissimus  de  sena- 
toribus  iuvenis  L.  ^lanlius  provocantem  Galium  ad  singulare 
5  cert«amen  progressus  occidit,  et  sublato  torque  aureo  collo- 
que  suo  imposito  in  perpetuum  Torcpiati  et  sibi  et  posterls 
cognomen  accepit.  Galll  fugati  sunt,  mox  per  C.  Sulpicium 
dictatorem  etiam  victl.  Xon  multo  ^  post  a  C.  ^larcio  TuscI 
victi  sunt  et  octo  milia  captivorum  ex  his  in  triunq3hum 
.10  ducta. 

First  Samnite  War,  343-;Ul  b.c. 

6.  Census  iterum  liabitus  est.  Et  cum  LatinI,  qui  a  Ro- 
milnls-  subacti  erant,  mllites  praestare  nollent,  ex  ROmanls 
tantum  tirones  lectl  sunt,  factaecjue  legiones  decern,  qui  mo- 
dus sexaginta  vel  anq)lius  armatorum  milia  efficiebat.   Farvis 

lo  adliuc  Rdmanis  rebus  tanta  tamen  in  i-e  mllitfiri  virtus  erat. 
Quae  cum  ])rofectae  essent  adversum  (i alios  duce  L.  Furio, 
(pildam  ex  (iallis  unum  ex  Koiuanis,  (juI  esset**  optimus. 
prdvocavit.  Tum  se  ]\I.  Valerius  tribunus  mllitum  o])tulit. 
et  cum  processisset  armatus  corvus  el^  supra  dextrum  brac- 

20  cliium  sedit.  ^[ox  commissa  adversum  Galium  ])ngna  idem 
corvus  alls  et  unguibus  Galli  oculos  verberavit,  ne  rectum 
posset  aspicer<\  Tta  a  tribfinn  Valerid  interfectus.  Corvus 
uon  solum  victoriam  el.  sed  etiam  nomen  dedit.  Nam 
postea  idem  Coi-vlnus  est  dictus.     Ac  propter  hoc  meritum 

25  annorum  trium  et  viginti  consul  est  factus. 

1  H.  423  ;  M.  248  ;  A.  .^  G.  25() ;  G.  403  ;  B.  223. 

2  H.  415,  I ;  M.  247,  2  ;  A.  &  G.  246 ;  G.  401  ;  B.  216. 

8  H.  503, 1  ;  M.  .383,  1  ;  A.  &  G.  320  ;  G.  631,  1  ;  B.  283.  2. 

*  H.  384,  4,  X.  2  ;  M.  208;  A.  &  G.  235,  a  ;  G.  350,  1  ;  15.  188,  1. 

HAZ.    KCTUOl'IL'S — 2 


18 


EU'i'noin  !ua-.viAKii 


i.ini.u   ii. 


lu 


Latin  War,  ;M0-o38  b.c. 

7.  Latinl,  qui  noluerant  milites  dare,  hoc  quoque  a  Ro- 
nianls  exigere  coepermit,  iit  iiniis  consul  ex  eorum,  alter  ex 
Eonianorum  populo  crearetur.  Quod  cum  esset  negatum, 
belluni  contra  eos  susceptum  est  et  ingenti  pugna  superati 
5  sunt;  ac  de  his  perdomitis  triuniphatum  est.  Statuae  con- 
sulibus  ob  nieritum  victoriae  in  rostrls  positae  sunt.  Eo 
anno  etiani  Alexandria  ab  Alexandro  Macedone  eondita  est. 

Second  Samnite   War,  326-304  b.c. 

8  lam  RomanI  potentes  esse  coeperunt.     Bellum  enim  in 
centesimo  et  tricesimo  fere  mlliario  ab  urbe  apud  Samnitas 

10  gerebatur,  qui  medil  sunt  inter  Picenum,  Campaniam  et 
Apuliam.  L.  Paplrius  Cursor  cum  honore  dictatoris  ad  id 
bellum  profectus  est.  Qui  cum  Romam  redlret,  Q.  Fabio 
^Maximo,  magistro  eqiiitum,  quem  apud  exercitum  rellquit, 
praecepit  ne  se  absente  pugnaret.^     Ille  occasione  reperta 

15  fellcissime  dimicavit  et  Samnitas  delevit.  Ob  quam  rem  a 
dictatore  capitis-  damnatus,  quod  se  vetante  pugnasset,^ 
ingenti  favore  mllitum  et  popull  llbercatus  est,  tanta  Paplrio 
seditione  commota  ut  paene  ipse  interficeretur. 

Romans  defeated  at  Caudine  Forks,  321  b.c. 

9  I  'ostea  Samnltes  Romanos  T.  Veturio  et  Sp.  Postumio 
20  consulibus  ingenti  dedecore^  vicerunt  et  sub  iugum  mlse- 

runt.     Pax  tamen  a  senatil  et  populo  soluta  est,  quae  cum 
ipsis  propter  necessitatem  facta  fuerat.      Postea  Samnltes 

1  H.  408.  I      M.  833,  2  ;  A.  &  G.  331  ;  G.  546,  2  ;  B.  295,  1. 
I  i     |.   *,  u  ;  M.  228  ;  A.  &  G.  220,  a  ;  G.  378,  3  ;  B.  208,  2,  a. 

3  H.  235:  516,  II     M.  100,  1 :  357  ;  A.  &  G.  128,  a,  1 :  321  ,  G.  131,  1 : 
641      !'    IK),  1:  286,  1. 

4  il    il'.  Ill     M   245;  A.  &  G.  248;  G.  399;  B.  220,  1. 


victi  sunt  a  T  Paplrio  consule,  septem  milia  eorum  'sub 
iugum  missa.  Paplrius  primus  de  Samnltibus  triumphavit. 
Eo  tempore  Ap.  Claudius  censor  aquam  Claudiam  induxit 
et  viam  Appiam  stravit.     Samnltes  reparato  bello  Q.  Fabium 

5  Maximum  vicerunt  tribus  mllibus  hominum  occlsls.  Postea, 
cum  pater  ei  Fabius  ^[aximus  legatus  datus  fuisset,  et 
Samnitas  vicit  et  plurima  ipsorum  oppida  cepit.  Deinde 
i'  Cornelius  Ruflnus  M.  Curius  Dentcatus,  ambo  consules, 
contra   Samnitas   missi   ingentibus   proelils  eos   confecere. 

10  Turn  })ellum  cum  Samnltibus  per  annos  (piadraginta  novem 
actum  sustulcrunt.  Necpie  fdlus  hostis  fuit  intra  Italiaia 
qui  Romiinam  virtutem  magis  fatlgaverit. 

War  with  the  Gatds  and  Etruscans,  283  B.C. 

10     Interiectis  ali(iuot  annis  iterum  se  Gallorum  copiae 
contra  Romanos  Tuscis  Samnltibusque  iimxerunt,  sed  cum 
15  Romam  tenderent  a  (Jn.  Cornelio  Dolabella  consule  deletae 
sunt. 

War  with  Tarentum  and  Pyrrhus,  281-272  b.c.     Battle  of 

Heraclea,  280  b.c. 
11.    Eodem  tempore  Tarentlnis,  (pil  iam  in  ultima  Italia 
sunt,  bellum  indictum  est,  quia  legatls  Romanorum  inifiriam 
fecissent.      Hi  Pyrrhum.^  Epirl    regem,    contra    Romanos 

20  auxilium  poposcerunt,  qui  ex  genere  Achillis  orlginem 
trahebat.  Is  mox  ad  Italiam  venit.  tunKpie  primum  Ro- 
manI cum  transmarlno  hoste  dimicaverunt.  Missus  est 
contra  eum  consul  P.  Valerius  Laevlnus,  qui  cum  explo- 
ratores  Pyrrhl  cepisset,  iussit  eos  per  castra  duel,  ostendl 

26  omnem  exercitum  tunuiue  dimittl.  ut  renfmtiarent  l^vrrho 

1  H.  374  ;  M.  192,  2  ;  A.  &  G.  239.  c ;  G.  339,  a  ;  B.  173.  1.  a. 


20 


EUTKOPl   BUEVIAKII 


LIBKll    II. 


J1 


quaecumque  a  Komanis  agerentur.^  Commissa  mox  pugiia, 
cum  iam  Pyrrhus  fugeret,  elephantorum  auxilio  vicit,  quos 
incognitos  Romani  expaverunt.  Sed  nox  proelio  fineni 
dedit;  Laevinus  tanien  per  noctem  fugit,  Pyrrhus  Romanos 
5  mille  octingentos  cepit  et  eos  sunim(3  honore  tractavit,  occl- 
sos  sepellvit.  Quos  cum  ad  verso  vulnere  et  truci  vultu 
etiam  mortuos  iacere  vidisset,  tulisse  ad  caelum  manus 
dicitur  cum  liac  voce :  se  totlus  orbis  dominum  esse  potu- 
isse,  si  tales  sibi  milites  contigissent. 

Ernhassy  of  Cineas. 

10  12.  Postea  Pyrrhus  coniunctis  sibi  Samnltibus,  Lucanis, 
Hruttiis  Ponuim  perrexit,  omnia  ferro  -  ignl([ue  vastavit,  Cam- 
paniam  populatus  est  atque  ad  Praeneste  venit,  mlliilrio  ab 
urbe  octavo  decimo.  Mox  terrore  ^  exercitus,  qui  eum  cum 
consule  sequebatur,  in  Campaniam  se  recepit.     Legati  ad 

15  Pyrrhum  de  redimendls  ca})tivls  *  missi  ab  eo  honorifice 
sLisceptl  sunt.  Captivos  sine  pretio  Romam  misit.  Unum 
ex  legatis  Ronulnorum,  Fabricium,  sic  admlratus,  cum  eum 
pauperem  esse  cognovisset,  ut  quilrta  parte  regnl  promissa 
sollicitare  voluerit  ut  ad  se  transTret,  contemptus(iue  est  a 

20  Fabricio.  Quare  cum  Pyrrhus  Rdmanorum  ingenti  admira- 
tione  teneretur,  legatum  mIsit,  qui  pacem  acquis  condicio- 
nibus  peteret,  praecipuum  virum,  Cineam  nomine,^  ita  ut 
Pyrrhus  i)artem  Italiae,  quam  iam  armls  occupaverat, 
obtineret. 

25       13.1  *ax  displicuit  remaiidatumque  Pyrrho  est  a  senatu  eum 

1  H.  o29,  I ;  M.  .388  ;  A.  &  G.  334  ;  G.  407  ;  B.  300,  1,  a. 

2  H.  420  ;  M.  247,  1  ;  A.  &  G.  248,  c,  1  ;  G.  401  ;  B.  218. 
^  H.  410  ;  M.  254  ;  A.  &  G.  245  ;  G.  408  ;  B.  210. 

*  II.  542,  I\'  :  544, 1  ;  M.  202  :  297  ;  A.  &  G.  301  ;  G.  433  ;  B.  338.  4.  b  : 
339,  1 

»  H,  4J4  ,  M.  238,  1  ;  A.  v^  G.  253  ;  (i.  397  ;   B.  220. 


cum  Romfinis,  nisi  ex  Italia  recessisset,^  pacem  habere  non 
posse.  Tum  Romani  iusserunt  captivos  omnes,  quos  Pyrrhus 
reddiderat,  Infames  haberl,  quod  armati  capl  potuissent,  nee 
ante  eos  ad  veterem  statum  reverti,  quam  si  binorum  ho- 

T)  stium  occlsorum  spolia  retulissent.  Ita  legatus  Pyrrhl  rever- 
sus  est.  A  quo  cum  quaereret  Pyrrhus.  qualem  Roinam 
comperisset,  Cineas  dixit  regum  se  patriam  vidisse ;  scilicet 
tales  illlc  fere  omnes  esse,  (pialis  unus  Pyrrhus  apud  Epirum 
et  reliquam  (rraeciam  putjlretur.- 

10  Missi  sunt  contra  Pyrrhum  duces  ]*.  Sulpicius  et  Decius 
Mus  consules.  Certamine  commisso  Pyrrhus  vulneratus  est, 
elephantl  interfecti,  viginti  milia  caesa  hostium,  et  ex  Ro- 
manls  tantum  (pinupie  mIlia;    Pyrrhus  Tarentum  fugatus. 

Fabricins;  JkiftJp  of  BciteceatHin.  275  h.c. 

14.    Interiecto  anno  contra  Pyrrhum  Eabricius  est  missus, 

15  qui  prius  inter  legatds  sollicitarl  non  poterat  quarta  regnl 

parte  promissa.    Tum,  cum  viclna  castra  ipse  et  rex  haberent, 

medicus  IVrrhl  uocte  ad  pum  vcnit,  ]»romittens  veneno  se 

Pyrrhum  occlsurum,  si  sibi  ali<iuid  i)olliceretur.     Quem  Fa- 

bricius  vinctum  reduci  iussit  ad  dominum  l*yrrhoque  did 

20  quae  contra  ca])ut  eius  medicus   spo})ondisset.      Tum  rex 

admlratus  eum  dixisse  fertur:  '  Ille  est  Filbricius,  qui  diffici- 

lius  ab  honestate  (piam  sol  a  cursfi  suo  avert!  potest.'     Tum 

rex  ad  Sicilian!  profectus  est.     Fabricius  victis  Lucanis  et 

Samnltibus  triumphavit. 

25       Consules  deindc  ^1.  Curius  Dentatus  et  Cornelius  T>entu- 

lus  adversum  Pyrrhum  missi  sunt.     Curius  contra  eum  pu- 

gnavit,  exercitum  eius  cecfdit,  ipsiim  Tarentum  fugavit,  castra 

1  II.  508  :  527,  I  ;  ^I.  .303  :  402  ;  A.  &  G.  307,  c  :  337,  3  ;  G.  595,  r.  1  ; 
B.  319,  B,  3rd  tx.  a. 

2  H.  524  ;  M.  392  ;  A.  &  G.  3:30,  2  ;  G.  050  ;  B.  314,  1. 


or) 


EUTIJOPL   BREVIARII 


LIBER 


23 


cepit.  Ea  die  caesa  hostiiiiu  vigintl  tria  iiiTlia.  Curius  in 
coiisulatu  triiiniphavit.  Prliiiiis  Komani  elepliantos  quat- 
tuor  (Ifixit.  Pyrrhus  etiaiii  a  Tareiito  ^  iiiox  recessit  et  aputl 
Argos,  Graeciae  clvitatem,  occlsus  est. 

6  15  C.  Fabio  LiciuiO  C.  (Jlaudio  CanTiia  consulibus  anno 
urbis  conditae  (puidringentesinio  sexagesinio  prinif)  legatl 
Alexandrlni  a  Ptolemaeo  niissi  Eomam  venere  et  a  liomanls 
aniicitiani  qnani  petierant  obtinnerunt. 

16    Q.  OgulniO  C.  Fabio  Plctore  consulibus  l*ieentes  bel- 

10  luni  connnovere  et  ab  Tnsequentibns  consulibus  V.  Senipronio 
Ap.  Claudid  victi  sunt;  et  de  his  triumphatum  est.  Con- 
ditae a  RonianTs  cTvitates  Arlminum  in  Gallia  et  Beueven- 
tum  in  Samnio. 

17.  M.  Atilio  Regulo  L.  Iillio  Libone  consulibus  Sallentlnls 
15  in  Apfdia  bellum  indictum  est,  captlque  sunt  cum  civitate 

simul  Brundisini,  et  de  his  triumphatum  est. 

First  Punic  War,  264-241  k.(\  ;  Bomans  victorious  in  ^icib/, 

264  B.C. 

18.  Anno  quadringentesimo  soptuagesimo  septimo,  cum 
iam  clarum  urbis  Romae  nomen  esset,  anna  tamen  extra 
Italian!  nu')ta  non  fuerant.     Ut  igitur  cognosceretur  -  quae 

20  copiae  liomanorum  essent,  census  est  habitus.  Tum  inventa 
sunt  cTvium  capita  ducenta  nonaginta  duo  milia  trecenta  tri- 
ginta  quattuor,  quamquam  a  condita  urbe  numquam  bella 
cessassent. 

Et  contra  Afros  bellum  susceptum  est  primum  Ap.  Claudio 

25  Q.  Fulvio  consulibus.  In  Sicilia  contra  eos  pugnatum  est  et 
Ap.  Claudius  de  Afrls  et  rege  Siciliae  Hie  rone  triumphavit. 

1  H.  412.  8,  N. ;  M.  233,  8  ;  A.  &  G.  258,  a,s.\;  G.  391,  r.  1  ;  B.  229,  2. 
'  11    1  *:,  ii  ;  M.  328  ;  A.  &  G.  317,  1  ;  G.  645,  1  ;  B.  282,  1. 


19.  InsequentI  anno  Valerio  Marco  et  Otacilio  Crasso  con- 
sulibus in  Sicilia  a  Romanis  res  magnae  gestae  sunt.  Tauro- 
nienltanl,  Catinenses  et  praeterea  quinquaginta  civitates  in 
lidem  acceptae.     Tertio  anno  in  Sicilia  contra  Hieronem, 

5  regem  Siculorum,  bellum  paratum  est.  Is  cum  onml  nobili- 
tate  Syraciisanorum  pacem  a  Romanis  impetravit  deditque 
argenti^  ducenta  talenta.  Afri  in  Sicilia  victi  sunt  et  de 
his  secundo  Romae  triumphatum  est. 

Battle  of  Mylae,  260  b.c. 

20.  Quinto  anno  piiml  belli,  quod  contra  Afros  gerebatur, 
10  primum  Komani  C.  Duilio  et  Cn.  Cornelio  Asina  consulibus 

in  marl  dlmiciiverunt  paratis  navibus  rostratis,  quas  Libur- 
nas  voeant.  Consul  Cornelius  fraude  deceptus  est.  Duilius 
commisso  proelio  Karthaginiensium  ducem  vicit,  triginta  et 
unam  naves  cepit,  quattuordecim  mersit,  septem  milia  ho- 
is stium  cepit,  tria  milia  occldit.  Xecpie  fdla  victoria  Romanis- 
grjitior  fuit,  quod  invicti  terra"'  iam  etiam  mari^  plurimum 
possent. 

C.  Aqullid  Fiord  L.  Scipidne  consulibus  Scipid  Corsicam 
et  Sardinian!  vastavit,  miilta  milia  inde  eaptivdrum  abduxit, 
20  triumphum  egit. 

Invasion  of  Africa  by  the  Romans,  256  B.C. 

21.  L.  Manlid  Vulsdne  ^I .  Atilio  Reguld  cdnsulibus  bellum 
in  Africam  translatum  est.  Contra  ITamilcarem,  Karthagi- 
niensium ducem,  in  marl  jiugnatum,  victusfpie  est.  Nam 
perditis  sexaginta  quattuor  nrivil)us  retrd  se  recepit.     Rd- 

'-'5  mani  vl«:inti  duas  amiserunt.     Sed  cum  in  Africam  transis- 

1  H.  396,  V  ;  M.  221  ;  A.  &  G.  214,  e  ;  G.  368  ;  B.  197. 

2  H.  391,  I,  footnote  ;  M.  214  ;  A.  &  G.  234,  a  ;  G.  359;  B.  192.  1. 

8  H.  425,  II,  2  ;  M.  241,  3  ;  A.  &  G.  258,  d ;  G.  385,  x.  1  ;  B.  228,  1,  c, 


^ 


24 


EUTiioiM  r.in:viAUii 


LIBEU    II. 


sent,  priniam  Clypeaiii,  Africae  civitatein,  in  deditionem 
acceperunt.  Consults  usque  ad  Karthaginem  processerunt, 
nuiltis([ue  castellTs  vastatis  Manlius  victor  Rdniam  rediit  et 
vlginti  septeni  milia  captlvoruni  reduxit,  Atllius  Regulus 
5  in  Africa  reniansit.  Is  contra  Afros  acieni  mstruxit.  Con- 
tra tres  Karthaginiensiuni  duces  dimicans  victor  fuit,  decern 
et  octo  niilia  hostiuni  cecidit,  (junupie  niTlia  cum  decern  et 
octo  elephantis  cepit,  septuilginta  quattuor  civitates  in  fidem 
acce[)it.     Tuni  victi  Kartliaginienses  paceni  a  Komanis  petl- 

10  verunt.  Quain  cum  Txegulus  nOllet  nisi  dfirissimis  condicio- 
nibus  dure,  AfrT  auxilium  a  Lacedaemonils  petTverunt.  P^t 
duce  Xantliippo,  qui  a  Lacedaemonils  missus  fuerat,  Rdma- 
norum  dux  llegulus  victus  est  ultima  pernicie.  Xani  duo 
milia  tantum  ex  omni  Kdnuino  exercitu  refugerunt,   qum- 

1")  gent!  cum  imperatore  Kegul(3  captT  sunt,  triginta  milia 
occisa,  Regulus  ipse  in  catenas  coniectus. 

Iiotna)ts  shipn: reeled  near  Sicily. 

22  M.  Aemilio  Paulo  8er.  Fulvio  Xobiliore  cdnsulibus  ambd 
Roman!  consules  ad  Africam  profecti  sunt  cum  trecentarum 
nilvium  classe.     Rrimum  Afros  navalT  certamine  superant. 

20  Aemilius  consul  centum  et  quattuor  naves  hostiuni  demer- 
sit,  triginta  cum  pugnatdribus  cepit,  ([uindecim  milia  ho- 
stiuni aut  occidit  aut  cepit,  mllitem  suum  ingenti  ])raeda 
dltavit.  Et  subacta  Africa  tunc  fuisset,  nisi  (juod  tanta 
fames   erat    ut    diutius   exercitus   exspectare    ndn    posset. 

2")  Consules  cum  victrici  classe  redeuutes  circa  Siciliam  nau- 

fragium  pass!  sunt.     Et  tanta  tem])estas  fuit  ut  ex  quadrin- 

gentls  sexaginta  quattuor  nilvibus  tantum  octdginta  servari 

potuerint;    necpie  iilld  tempore   tanta   maritima  tempestiis 

> 

audita  est.     RdmanI  tamen  statim  ducentfis  naves  repara- 
ao  verunt,  neque  in  ali(]ud  animus  his  infractus  fuit. 


23  Cn.  Servllius  Caepid  C.  Semprdnius  Blaesus  cdnsules 
cum  ducentis  sexaginta  navibus  ad  Africam  profecti  sunt. 
Aliquot  civitates  ceperunt.'  Praedam  ingeiitem  reducentes 
naufragium  pass!  sunt.  Itaipie  cum  continuae  calamitates 
.")  Rdmanls  ^  displicerent,  decrevit  senatus  ut  a  maritimis  proe- 
lils  recederetur  et  tantum  sexaginta  naves  ad  praesidium 
Italiae  salvae  essent. 

Battle  of  Panormu.%  250  b.c. 

24.  L.  Caecilid  Metelld  C.  Furid  Placidd  cdnsulibus  ]\Ietel- 
lus  in  Sicilia  Afrdrum  ducem  cum  centum  triginta  elephantis 
10  et  magnis  cdpils  venientem  superavit,  viginti  milia  hostiuni 
cecidit,  sex  et  vIgintI  elephantds  cepit,  reliquds  errantes 
per  Xumidas,  quds  in  auxilium  habrbat,  conlcgit  et  Rdmnm 
deduxit  ingenti  pompa,  cum  eleidiantdrum  Humerus  omnia 
itinera  comiderct. 

Rrntihiii  sent  to    Home  to  solicit   Peace,  250  B.C. 

15  25.  post  haec  mala  Karthaginiens«"s  Regulum  ducem, 
quem  ceperant,  petlverunt  ut  Rdmani  i)roticisceretur  et  paceni 
ii  Rdmanls  obtineret  ac  i)ermiitatidnem  captivdrum  faceret. 
Llle  Rdmam  cum  venisset,  inductus  in  senatum  nihil  (]uasi 
Rdmanus  egit  dixitque   se  ex  ilha  die,-  (jua  in  potestatem 

20  Afrdrum  venisset,  Rdmaimm  esse  deslsse.  Itaque  et  uxd- 
rem  a  (•omi)lexu  remdvit  et  senatui  suasit  ne  \ydx  cum 
Poenis  lieret;  illds  enim  fractds  tot  casibus  spem  nfdlam 
habere;  se  tantl'^  ndn  esse,  ut  tot  milia  ca]>tlvdrum  ju'opter 
unum  se  et  seiieni  et  paiicds,  (pil  ex  Rdmanls  capti  ^  fuerant, 

1  II.  3b!5,  I ;  M.  205  ;  A.  &  G.  227  ;  (J.  :54(5  ;  B.  1«7,  II,  a. 

-■  H.  123  ;  M.  55,  1  ;  A.  &  G.  73  ;  G.  04  ;  B.  53. 

3  II.  404  ;  M.  224  ;  A.  &  G.  252,  a  ;  G.  380  ;  B.  203,  3. 

*  H.  524,  2,  2  ;  M.  302,  x.  3  ;  A.  &  G,  330,  d ;  G.  028,  r.  a  ;  B.  314,  3. 


26 


EUTROPI   RREVTARII 


I.IHER   Til. 


27 


redderentur.  Itaque  obtinuit.  Nam  Afros  pacem  petentes 
nfdliis  admisit.  Ipse  Karthaginem  rediit,  offerentibusque 
Romanis  ut  eum  Komae  teii^rent,  iiegavit  se  in  ea  urbe 
mansuriim  in  qua,  i)ostquaiii  Afrls  servierat,  dlgiiitatein 
5  hoiiesti  civis  habere  iioii  jxjsset.  Regressus  igitiir  ad  Afii- 
cain  omnibus  suppliciis  exstinetus  est. 

pHblius  Claudius  defeated  neai-  Vrepana,  249  b.c. 

26  r  Claudio  Pulchro  L.  lunio  consulibus  Claudius 
contra  auspicia  pugnavit  et  a  Kartliaginiensibus  vietus  est. 
Nam    ex   ducentis    et  vigintl   nilvibus  cum   triginta  fugit, 

10  nonaginta  cum  pugnatoribus  cajjtae  sunt,  demersae  ceterae. 
Alius  quoque  consul  naufragio  classem  amisit,  exercitum 
tamen  salvum  liabuit^  quia  viclna  lltora  erant. 

Battle  of  Lllyhaeum,  242  b.c.     Battle  of  the  Aegates  Islands 

and  End  of  the    War,  241  b.c. 

27  {].  Lutatio  Catulo  A.  Postumio  xilbino  consulibus,  anno 
belli  PfinicI  vTcesimo  et  tertio  Catulo  bellum  contra  Afros 

15  commissum  est.  Profectus  est  cum  trecentis  navibus  in 
Siciliam ;  AfrT  contra  ipsum  quadringentas  paraverunt. 
Kumquam  in  maii  tantis  copiis  pugnatum  est.  Lutatius 
Catulus  navem  aeger  ascendit;  vulneratus  enim  in  pugna 
superiore   fuerat.      Contra   Lilybaeum,   cTvitatem   Siciliae, 

20  pugnatum  est  ingenti  virtute  Romanorum.  Nam  lxtii  Kar- 
thaginiensium  naves  captae  sunt,  cxxv  demersae,  xxxir 
milia  hostium  capta,  xiii  milia  occisa,  infinitum  auri,  ar- 
gentl,  praedae  in  ]>otestatem  R(3manorum  redactum.  Ex 
classe  Romana  xu  naves  demersae.     Pugnatum  est  vi  Idus 

2  Martias.  Statim  pacem  Karthaginienses  petTverunt  tributa- 
que  est  his  pax.  Captivi  Romanorum  qui  tenebantur  a 
Karthaginiensibus    redditi   sunt.      Etiam    Karthaginienses 


petTverunt  ut  rediml  eos  captivos  liceret  quos  ex  Afrls 
IvomanT  tenebant.  Senatus  iussit  sine  pretio  eos  darl  qui 
in  pri])lica  custodia  essent;  qui  autem  a  prIvatTs  tenerentur 
ut  pretio  dominls  reddito  Karthaginem  redlrent   atqiie   id 

:,  pretium  ex  tisco  magis  quam  a  I^^arthaginiensibus  solveretur. 

28.    ^•.  Lutatius  A.  Maiilius  consules  creati  bellum  Fali- 

scTs  intulerunt,  quae  cTvitas  Italiae  opulenta  quondam  fuit. 

Quod  ambo  consules  intra  sex  dies,  quam  venerant,  transe- 

gerunt  xv  mllibus   hostium    caesTs,  ceteris  pace  concessa, 

10  agro  tamen  ex  medietate  sublato. 


Liin:R  TKin  lUS 

From  the  End  of  the  First  to  the  End  of  the 
Secoxi)  Punic  War,  241-201  b.c. 


1.  Flnito  igitur  l^unico  l)ell6,  quod  per  xxiii  annos  tra- 
ctum  est,  l^omani  iam  clarissima  gloria  noti  legatos  ad  Ptole- 
maeuni,  Aegypti  regem,  miserunt  auxilia  promittentes,  quia 
rex    Syriae    Antiochus   bellum   ei   intulerat.      I  lie    gratias 

i'>  Romanis  egit,  auxilia  non  accepit.  lam  enim  fuerat  pugna 
transacta.  Eodeni  tempore  i)otentissimus  rex  Siciliae  Hiero 
Romam  venit  ad  ludos  spectandos  ^  et  ducenta  milia  modio- 
rum  -  trlticT  populo  donum  exhibuit. 

Sardinia  taken  by  the  Romans,  238  b.c. 

2.  Ij.  Cornelio  Lentulo  Fulvio  Flacco  consulibus,  quibus 
20  Hiero  Romam  venerat,  etiam  contra  Ligures  intra  Italiam 

bellum  gestum  est  et  de  his  triumphatum.    Karthaginienses 

1  H.  542,  III :  544,  1  ;  M.291 :  297  ;  A.  &  G.  300  ;  G.  432  ;  B.  338,  3 :  339. 

2  H.  396,  V  ;  M.  223  ;  A.  &  G.  215,  b  ;  G.  365 ;  B.  203.  2. 


ft 


2H 


KUTROPI    BHKVIAKir 


tameii  belliim  reparare  temptabant,  Sartlinieiises,  qui  ex 
condicione  pacis  Konifiiils  pareie  debe])ant,  ad  rebellandiun  ' 
impelleutes.  Venit  tameii  Komam  legatio  Karthaginiensium 
et  pacem  im])etravit. 
r.  3  T.  .Manlio  Torquato  C.  Atilio  Bulc(3  oousulibiis  de 
Sardls  triunipliatum  est,  et  pace  omnibus  locis  facta  Romanl 
nuHuni  belluui  liabuerunt,  quod  liLs  post  Roniam  conditaiii 
seniel  taiituiu  Numa  roiu})ili6  regnante  contigerat. 

War  trith  the  Ilbjrians,  229  k.c. 

4.  L.  IVstumius  Albliius  ( 'n.  Fulvius  C^eiitumahis  consules 
10  l)enum  contra  Illyrios  gesserunt  et  multis  civitatibus  captTs 

etiam  reges  in  deditidnem  accepenint.     Ac  tuni  prlinuni  ex 
Illyi'ils  triunipliatum  est. 

Invasion  of  the  Gauls,  225  n.c. 

5.  L.  Aemilio  cousule  ingentes  Gallorum  copiae  Alpes  tran- 
sierunt.     Sed  pro  Komanis  tota  Italia  consensit,  traditum- 

i->  que  est  a  Fal)io  liistorico,  qui  el  bello  interfuit,  dccc  nillia 
hominum  paiTita  ad  id  bellum  fuisse.  Sed  res  per  consulem 
tantum  prospere  gesta  est.  xl  milia  hostium  interfecta 
sunt  et  triumphus  Aemilio  decretus. 

6.  Aliquot  deinde  annis  post  contra  Gallos  intra  Italiam 
20  pfignatum  est,  fniTtumque  bellum  M.  (laudio  ^Farcello  et 

Cii.  Cornelio  ScTpione  consulibus.  Tum  .Marcellus  cum - 
parva  manu  ecpiitum  dimicavit  et  regem  Gallorum,  Virido- 
marum  nomine,  manu  sua  occidit.  Postea  r-um  conlega 
ingentes  copias  Gallorum  peremit,  :\[ediolanuni  expugnavit, 
25  grandem  praedam  Romam  i)ertulit.  Ac  triumplians  Mar- 
cellus  spolia  Galll  stipiti  imposita  unieris  suTs  vexit.  • 

1  H.  542,  III ;  M.  291  ;  A.  &  G.  300  ;  G.  4.32  ;  R.  338,  3. 
-  H.  410,  I  ;  M,  244  ;  A.  &  G.  248,  o  ;  G.  392  ;  B.  222. 


LIBKH    II r. 


29 


iSecond  P"iiic    War  beyun,  218  B.C. 

7.    .M.  Minucio  Rufo  1*.  Cornelio  consulibus  Histrls  bellum 

inlatum  est,  (luia  latrdcinatl  navibus  Komanorum  fuerant, 

quae  frumenta  exhibebant,  perdomitnpie  sunt  omnes.  Eodem 

anno  l)ellum   I'unicum  secundum  Komanis  inlatum  est  per 

.-)  Ilannibalcm,  Karthaginiensium  ducem,  <pil  Saguntum,  His- 
paiiiae  clvitatcm  ItomanTs^  aniTcam.  oppugnare  aggressiis 
est,  annum  agC'us  vicesimum  aetatis.  copils  congregatis  cl 
milium.  Huic  UomanI  per  legatos  deiiunliaverunt  ut  bello 
abstineret.      Is   legatos   admittere  noluit.      KonianI  etiam 

10  Karthaginem  niTserunt,  ut  mandaretur  Hanniball'-  ne  bellum 
contra  socios  popull  EomanT  gereret.  Dura  responsa  a 
Karthaginiensibus  data  sunt.  Saguntlnl  interea  fame  victi 
sunt,  captniue  ab  llannibale  ultimls  poenis  adliciuntur. 
Bellum  Karthaginiensibus  indictum  est. 

Hannibal  rrnsses  the  Alps. 

15  8.  Tum  P.  Cornelius  Sclpid  cum  exercitu  in  Hispaniam 
profectus  est,  Ti.  Sempronius  in  Siciliam.  Hannibal  relTcto 
in  His])ania  fratre  Hasdrubale  Pyrenaeum  transiit.  Alpes. 
adhuc  t^a  ])arte-'  invias,  sibi  patefecit.  Traditur  ad  Italiam 
Lxxx  niTlia  peditum.   x   mllia  equitum,  septeni  et  xxx  ele- 

•_>0  i)hant6s  adduxisse.  Interea  mult!  Ligures  et  GallT  Hanniball 
se  coniunxerunt.  Sempronius  Gracchus  cognitd  ad  Italiam 
Hannibalis  adventfi  ex  Sicilia  exercitum  Ariminum  traiecit. 

Batt/e  of  the  Trehia.  21  (S  B.C.     Battle  <>/'  Trasumenns,  217  n.v. 

9.    J^  Cornelius  ScTpid  Hanniball  primus  occurrit.     Com- 

misso  proelio,  fugatis  suis  ipse  vulneratus  in  castra  rediit. 

1  II.  391,  I ;  M.  214  ;  A.  &  G.  234,  a  ;  G.  359  ;  B.  192,  1. 

-2  H.  384,  5;  M.  205,  y.;  A.  &  G.  230  ;  G.  217  ;  B.  187,  II,  b. 

^  H.  425,  II,  2  ;  M.  241,  3  ;  A.  &  G.  258,/,  2  ;  G.  385,  n.  1  ;  B.  228,  1,  b. 


H 


I  !  TIJnlM    BREVIARII 


Sempronius  Gracchus  et  ipse  coufllgit  apud  Trebiam  amnem. 
is  quoque  vincitur.  Haiiniball  luiilti  se  in  Italia  clediderunt. 
Inde  ad  Tusciaiu  veiiiens  Hannibal  Flaminio  consul!  occur- 
rit.  Ipsum  Flaniinium  interenut ;  Ronianoruni  xxv  nillia 
5  caesa  sunt,  ceterl  dift'Cigerunt.  Missus  adversus  Hannibaleni 
postea  a  Ronianis  Q.  Fabius  Maximus.  Is  euni  differendo  ' 
pugnam  ab  impetu  fregit,  niox  inventa  occasione  vTcit. 

Battle  of  Cannae,  216  B.C. 
10    i,>iilngentesini(3  et  (piadragesinio  anno  a  condita  urbe 
L.  Aemilius  Paulus  P.  Terentius  Yarro  contra  Hannil)aleni 

10  niittuntur  Fabiocpie  succedunt,  (piT  abiens  anibo  cOnsules 
monuit  ut  Hannibaleni,  calliduni  et  inipatienteni  ducem, 
non  aliter  vincerent  <iuani  proeliuni  differendo.^  \'erum 
cum  inipatientia  Varronis  consulis  contradlcente  altero  con- 
sule  apud  vlcuni,  qui  Cannae  appellatur,  in  Api'ilia  pugna- 

15  tuni  esset,  anibo  consules  ab  Hannibale  vincuntur.  In  ea 
pugna  tria  mllia  Af roruin  pereunt ;  magna  pars  de  exercitii 
Hannibalis  saucicatur.  Niillo  tamen  proelio  Punico  belld 
KomanT  gravius  accept!  sunt.  Periit  enim  in  eo  consul 
Aemilius  Paulus,  consulares  aut  praetori!  xx,  senatores  capti 

20  aut  occ!s!  XXX,  nobiles  viri  ccc,  nnlitum  xl  m!lia,  equitum 
III  nulla  et  quingenti.  In  (juibus  mal!s  nemo  tamen  Roma- 
norum  pacis  mentionem  habere  d!gnatus  est.  Serv!,  quod 
numquam  ante,  manumissi  et  milites  fact!  sunt. 

War  in  Spain,  218  b.c. 

11     Post  earn  pugnam  multae  Italiae  civitates,  quae  Ro- 

25  manis  paruerant,  se  ad  Hannibaleni  transtulerunt.    Hannibal 

Romanis  obtulit  ut  capt!vos  redimerent,  responsumque  est  a 


1  H.  542,  IV,  (1);  M.  292  j  A.  &  G.  301,  1  ;  G,  431  ;  B.  338,  4,  a. 


f^ni 


81 


senatu  eos  cives  non  esse  necessaries  qui,  cum  armat!  essent, 
cap!  potuissent.  Ille  omnes  postea  vari!s  suppliciis  inter- 
fecit  et  tres  modios  anulorum  aureorum  Karthaginem  m!sit, 
(pios  ex  manibus  ec^uitum  Romanorum,  senatorum  et  m!li- 

5  tuin  detraxerat.  Interea  in  Hispania,  ubi  frater  Hannibalis 
Hasdrubal  remanserat  cum  magno  exercitu,  ut  eam  totam 
Afr!s  ^  subigeret,  a  duobus  Scipionibus,  Romains  ducibus, 
vincitur.  Perdit  in  pugna  xxxv  nnlia  hominum  ;  ex  h!s 
capiuntur  x  m!lia.  occ!duntur  xxv  nnlia.     Mittuntur  e!  a 

10  Karthaginiensibus  ad  reparandas  v!res  xii  m!lia  peditum, 
IV  nulla  equitum,  xx  elephant!. 


Battle  near  Xola,  215  b.c. 

12  Anno  quarto  postquam  ad  Italiam  Hanni))al  venit, 
^I.  Claudius  Marcellus  consul  apud  Nolam,  c!vitatem  Campa- 
niae,  contra  Hannibaleni  bene  pugnavit.     Hannibal  multas 

15  c!vitates  Romanorum  per  Ai)riliam,  Calabriam,  Bruttios  occu- 
pavit.  Quo  tempore  etiam  rex  Macedoniae  Pliilippus  ad  eum 
legatos  nusit,  promittens  auxilia  C(mtra  ROmanos  sub  hac 
condicione,  ut  delet!s  Roman!s  ii)se  quocpie  contra  Graecos 
ab  Hannibale  auxilia  acciperet.    Capt!s  igitur  legat!s  Philipp! 

20  et  re  cognita  Roman!  in  ^lacedoniam  ^1.  Valerium  Laev!num 
!re  iusserunt.  in  Sardinian!  T.  ]\Ianliuin  Torquiltum  ])r6r6ii- 
suleni.  Nam  etiam  ea  sollicitata  ab  Hannibale  Romanos 
deseruerat. 

13  Ita  uno  tempore  (piattuor  loc!s  pugnabatur  :   in  Italia 
25  contra  Hannibaleni,  in  Hispani!s  contra  fratrem  eius  Hasdru- 

balem,  in  Macedonia  contra  Philipi)um,  in  Sardinia  contra 
Sardos  et  alterum  Hasdrubalem  Karthaginiensem.  Is  a 
T.  ]\Ianli6  proconsule,  qui  ad  Sardiniam  missus  fuerat,  vivus 

1  H.  384,  II,  1,  2);  M.  208 ;  A.  &  G.  235 ;  G.  350,  2  ;  B.  188,  1. 


32 


EUTROPl    HREVIARII 


est  captus,  occTsa  duodecim  lullia,  capti  cum  eo  mine 
quingentl,  et  a  lioiuanls  Sardinia  subacta.  Manlius  victor 
captrvOs  et  Hasdrubaleiu  Komam  reportavit.  Tnterea 
etiam  Tliilippus  a  Laevinu  in  Macedonia  vincitur  et  in 
5  Hispania  ab  Scipionibus  HasdruV)al  et  Mago,  tertius  frater 
Hannibalis. 


Campaign  in  Sicily,  1514-210  b.c. 

U     necimo  anno  '  postquam  Hannibal  in  Italiam  venerat, 
F.  Sulpicio  (hi.  Fulvio  consulibus   Hannibal  usque  ad  (luar- 
tuni  niiliarium  urbis  accessit,  equites  eius  usque  ad  portam. 
10  :^rox  consulum^  cum  exercitii  venientium  metfr^  Hannibal 
ad  Campaniam  se  recepit.     In  Hispania  a  fratre  eius  Has- 
drubale   anibo   Scipiones,    (luT    per   niultos   annos   victores 
fuerant,  interticiuntur,  exercitus  tamen  integer  mansit;  casu 
eniui  magis  erant  quam  virtute  decei>t!.    (.)uo  tempore  etiam 
15  a  consule   Marcello   Siciliae  magna  pars  capta  est,  quam 
tenere   Afri   coeperant,   et    nobilissima    urbs    Syracusana ; 
praeda  ingens  Komam  perlata  est.     Laevlnus  in  Macedonia 
cum  riiilippo  et  multls  (Iraeciae  populTs  et  rege  Asiae  Attalo 
amicitiam  fecit,  et  ad  Sicilian!  profectus  Hannonem  (luen- 
■20  dam,  Afrorum  ducem,  apud  Agrigentum  civitatem  cum  ipso 
oppido  cei)it  euuKiue  Komam  cum  captivis  nobilissiniTs  misit. 
XL  civitates  in  deditidnem  accepit,  xxvi  expugnavit.     Ita 
omnis  Sicilia  recepta  est:  ingenti  gloria/  Komam  regressus 
est.      Hannibal    in    Italia   (hi.    Fulvium   consulem   subito 
25  aggressus  cum  octo  mllibus  liominum   interfecit. 

1  H.  429  ;  M.  24:^,  1  ;  A.  &  (i.  250,  1 ;  0.  at)^  ;  B.  230. 

2  H  390,  III ;  M.  210,  1  ;  A.  &  G.  217  ;  G.  303,  2  ;  B.  200. 

3  H   410  ,  M.  254  ;  A.  &  G.  245  ;  G.  408  ;  B.  219. 

4  H.  419,  HI ;  M.  245  ;  A.  &  G.  248  ;  G.  399 ;  B.  220. 


LIBKK    111. 


38 


War  in  Spain,  210-20(3  b.c. 

1 ')  Interea  ad  Hispanias,  ubi  occlsis  duobus  Scipionibus 
niillus  Komanus  dux  erat,  P.  Cornelius  Scipio  mittitur. 
fllius  P.  Scipionis,  <iul  ibidem  bellum  gesserat,  annos  natus 
quattuor  et  viginti,  vir  Komfinorum  omnium  et  sua  aetate 

5  et  posteriore  tempore  fere  primus,  is  Kartliaginem  Hispa- 
niae  capit,  in  qua  omne  auruni,  argentum  et  belli  apparatum 
Afrl  liabebant,  nobilissimos  (pioiiuc  obsides,  (juos  ab  Hi- 
spanls  accei)erant.  Magoncm  etiam,  fratreni  Hannibalis, 
ibidem  capit,  queni  Komam  cum  aliis  mittit.    Koniae'  ingens 

10  laetitia  post  liimc  nuntium  fuit. ,  Scipio  Hispaiiorum  ob- 
sides parentibus  reddidit;  <]urire  oinnes  fere  HispanI  find 
animo  ad  eum  transierunt.  Post  quae  Hasdruljalem,  Han- 
nibalis fratrem,  victum  -  fugat  et  praedam  maximam  capit. 

Hecuplnrv  o/  Tart'idHni,  201)  b.c 

16     Interea  in  Italia  consul  (^  Fabius  Maximus  Tarentum 

15  recepit,  in  qua  ingentes  copiae  Hannibalis  erant.     Ibi  etiam 

ducem  Hannibalis  Carllialonem  occldit,  xxv  milia  liominum 

captivoi'um  vcndidit,  praedam   mllitibus  dispertlvit,  ])ecu- 

niani  liominum  \  Gnditorum  ad  iiscum  rettulit.     Tum  multae 

civitates    Komandrum,    quae    ad     Hannibalem    transierant 

20  i>rius.    rursus    sc    Fabid    Maximd    dediderunt.      Insequentl 

aimd  Sclpid  in  Hispania  ("gregias  res  egit  et  per  se  et  per 

fratrem  suum  L.  ScIpidixMii  :   i.xx  civitates  receperunt.     In 

Italia  tameii  male  pfignatum  est.     Nam  Cllaudius  Marcelius 

consul  ab  Hannibale  occlsus  est. 

26       17.    Tertid  annd  postquam  Sclpid  ad  Hispanias  profectus 

fiierat,  rursus  res  inclitas  gerit.    Kegeni  HisiKiniarum  magnd 

1  H.  425.  II  ;  M.  242.  1  ;  A.  &  G.  258,  c,  2  ;  G.  411  ;  B.  232,  1. 

2  H.  549.  5:  M.  281.  4  ;   \.  !k  fi.  292,  k.;   G.  004.  k.  1,  2  ;  B.  337,  2. 

iiv/.  i;i  Tuoi'irs  —  3 


34  EUTKOri    BREVIAKII 

proelio  victuni  in  amicitiaiu  accepit  et  primus  omnium  a 
victo  obsides  non  poposcit. 

Battle  of  Metaurus,  207  b.c. 
18     I  >espei'ans  Hannibal  llispanias  contra  Sclpionem  tliu- 
tius  posse  retinerl,  fratrem  suum  Hasdrubalem  ad  Italiam 
5  cum  omnibus  copiis  evoeavit.     Is,  veniens  eodeni  itinere '  <iuo 
etiam   Hannibal  venevat,  a  consulibus  Ap.  Claudio  Nerone 
et  M.  Livio  Sallnatore  apud    Seuam,   PicenI   civitatem,  in 
insidias  compositas  incidit.    Strenue  tamen  pfignans  occlsus 
est;  ingentes  eius  copiae  captac  aut  interfectae   sunt,  ma- 
in gnum  pondus  aurl  atque  argenti  Romam  relatum  est.     Post 
haec  Hannibal  diffldere  iam  de  belli  coepit  eventu.     Komil- 
nls  ingens  animus  accessit;  itaque  et  ipsi  evocaverunt  ex 
Hispania  P.  Cornelium  Sclpionem.     Is  Komam  cum  ingenti 

gloria  venit. 
ir,       19.    Q.  Caecilio  L.  Valerio  consulibus  omnes  cTvitates,  (puie 
in  Bruttils  ab  llannibale  tenebantur,  KomanTs  se  tradiderunt. 

Scipio  croases  into  Africa,  204  B.C. 
20.   Anno  quarto  decimo  posteaquam  in  Italiam  Hannibal 
venerat,  Scipio,  qui  multa  bene  in  Hispania  egerat,  consul 
estfactuset  in  Africam  missus.     Cul  viro'-  divinum  quid- 

20  dam  inesse  existimabatur,  adeo  ut  putaretur  etiam  cum  nu- 
minibus  habere  sermonem.  Is  in  7Vfrica  contra  Hannonem, 
ducem  Afrdrum,  pugnat ;  exercitum  eius  interficit.  Se- 
cundo  proelio  castra  capit  cum  quattuor  mllibus  et  (piln- 
gentls  multibus,   xi  mllibus  occisls.     Sypliacem,  Numidiae 

25  regem,  qui  se  Afrls  coniunxerat,  capit  et  castra  eius  invadit. 
Syphax  cum  nobilissimis  Numidis  et  Inflnltls  spolils  Romam 

i  H.  420,  1,  :^);  M.  247,  1  ;  A.  &  G.  258,  f/;  G.  401  ;  B.  218,  9. 
2  TT    P.86  ;  M.  212,  n.  1  ;  A.  &  G.  22R  ;  G.  347  ;  B.  187,  III. 


LIBER   J 11. 


o  - 


a  Sclpione  mittitur.  Qua  re  audita  omnis  fere  Italia 
Hannibalem  deserit.  Ipse  a  Karthaginiensibus  redire  iii 
Africam  iubetur,  quam  Scipio  vastabat. 

Efforts  for  Peave. 

21.  Ita  anno  sertimo  decimo  ab  Hanni])ale  Italia  llberata 
r.  est.  LegatI  Karthaginiensium  juicem  a  Sclpione  petlverunt; 
ab  eo  ad  senatum  Romam  missi  sunt.  Quadraginta  et  quln- 
que  diebus  his  indutiae  datae  sunt,  (pious(pie  Tre  Romam  et 
regredl  possent';  et  trlginta  milia  pondo  argenti  ab  his 
accepta  sunt.     Senatus  ex  arbitrid   Sclpidnis  pacem   iussit 

10  cum  Karthaginiensibus  lierl.  Scljnu  his  condicionibus 
dedit:  ne  am})lius  quam  trlginta  naves  liaberent.- ut  (]uln- 
genta  mIlia  pondd  argenti  darent,-  caj)tlvds  et  perfugas 
redderent.'- 

22     Interim  Hannibale  veniente  ad  Africam  pax  turbata 

I'i  est,  multa  hostllia  ab  Afrls  facta  sunt.  LegatI  tamen  eorum 
ex  urbe  venientes  a  Rdmanis  capti  sunt,  sed  iubente  ScI])ione 
dimissl.  Hanni])al  q\u)que  frecjuentibus  proeliis  victus  ii 
Sclpione  i)etlt  etiam  i})se  })acem.  Cum  ventum  e.sset  ad 
conloquium,    Isdem    condicionibus   data    est    quibus   prius, 

20  additis  (]ulngentls  mllibus  i)ondd  argenti  centum  mllibus 
llbrarum  pro] iter  novam  ])ertidiani.  Karthaginiensibus  con- 
diciones  displicuerunt  iusst"M-unt(pie  Hanni])alem  }>ugnare. 
Infertur  a  Scl])idne  et  Masinissa,  alio  rege  Numidarum,  qui 
amicitiam  cum  Scl])i(5ne  fecerat,  KarthaginI  bellum.     Han- 

25  nibal  tres  expldratores  ad  Sclpidnis  castra  misit.  quds  captds 
Sclpid  circumduci  per  castra  iussit  ostendlque  his  tdtum 
exercitum,  mox  etiam  prandium  dari  dimittlque,  ut  renun- 
tiarent  Hannibal  I  quae  apud  Rdmands  vidissent. 

1  H.  r>19.  II,  2  ;  M.  354  ;  A.  &  G.  328  ;  G.  572  ;  B.  203.  Ill,  2. 

2  H.  523,  III.  and  footnote  4  ;  M.  393  ;  A.  &  G.  339  ;  G.  652  ;  B.  316. 


m 


36 


EUTKOPr    BREVrARII 


Battle  of  Zama,  202  b.c.     End  of  thp  Second  PuiiU  Way, 

201  B.C. 

23    Interea  proelium  ab  utroque  duce  Instructuin  est,  quale 

vix  iilla  iiiemoria  fviit,  cum  perltissinu  viri  copias  suas  ad 

belluni  edricerent.     ScTpio  victor  recedit  paene  ipso  Hainii- 

bale  capto,  (pil  primum  cum  multls  e(putibus,  deiude  cum 

5  vlgintl,  postremf)  cum  quattuor  evasit.  Inventa  in  castrTs 
Hanuibalis  argent!  pondo  vTgintI  milia,  aurl  octogintii,  cetera 
supellectilis  oopiosa.  Post  id  certamen  pax  cum  Kartlia- 
giniensibus  facta  est.  ScTpio  Komam  rediit,  ingenti  gloria 
triumphavit  atcpie   Africanus  ex  eo   appellarl  coeptus  est. 

10  yinem  acccpit  secundum  Punicnm  bellum  post  annum 
nonum  decimum  ([uam  coeperat. 


LIBER  QUAirrus 

From  the  Exd  of  the  Second  Pltxtc  War  to  the  End 
OF  TTiK  War  with  Jl'gurtha,  201-100  b.c. 


Second  Macedonian  War,  200-196  i'..<  . 
1.  Transacto  Punico  bello  secfitum  est  Macedonicum  eontra 
2    Philippum  regem  (piTngentesimo  qulnquagesimo  et  primo 
anno  ab  urbe  condita.     T.  QuTntius  Flaminmus  adversum 

i".  Philippum  regem  missus  rem  prospere  gessit.  Pax  ei  data 
est  his  legibus  :  ne  Graeciae  civitatibus,  quas  Roman!  contra 
euni  defenderant,^  bellum  !nferret,  ut  capt!v6s  et  transfugas 
redderet,  qmnquaginta  solas  naves  haberet,  reliquas  Ro- 
nulnls   dederet,   per   annos^  decem    quaterna   nnlia   pondo 

•_'«)  argent!  praestaret  et  obsidem  daret  f!lium  suum  l^emetrium. 

1  H.  524,  2,  2  ;  M.  392,  n.  3  ;  A.  &  G.  336,  d  ;  G.  628,  r.  a  ;  B.  314,  3. 

2  H.  379,  1  ;  M.  197  ;   A.  &  G.  256,  a  ;  G.  336  ;  B.  181.  2. 


LIBEK    IV.  37 

T.  QuTntius  etiam  Lacedaemonils  intulit  bellum.  Ducem 
eorum  Nabidem  vTcit  et  quibus  voluit  condicionibus  in 
Mem  accepit.  Ingenti  gloria  triumphavit;  duxit  ante  cur- 
rum  nobilissimos  obsidgs,  Demetrium,  Philippi  f ilium,  et 
5  Armenen  Nabidis. 

Syr(j-AHolian  War,   V.rj-1^\)  b.c. 

3.  Transacto  bello  Maccdonico  secutum  est  Syriacum  con- 
tra Antiochum  regem  V.  Cornclio  Scipione  M.  AcilioGlabriojie 
consulibus.  Huic  Antiocho  Mannibal  se  iunxerat,  Kartlia- 
ginem,  i)atriam  suam,  nu'tu  ne  Romanis  traderetur,*  relin- 

10  quens.  INI.  Acilius  Glabrio  in  Achaea  bene  pugnavit.  Castra 
regis  Antiochi  nocturna  pfigna  capta  sunt,  ipse  fugatus. 
Philippo,  (juia  contra  Antiochum  Komanis-  fuisset  auxilio,' 
fllius  Demetrius  redditus  est. 

4.  L.  Cornelio  Sc!i)i6ne  et  C.   Laelio  consulibus'  ScTpio 
15  Africanus  Iratrl  suo  L.   Cornelio  ScTpionI  consull  legatus 

datus  contra  Antiochum  profectus  est.  Hannibal,  qui  cum 
Antiocho  erat,  naval!  proelio  "^  victus  est.  Ipse  postea 
Antiochus  circa  Sii)ylum  apud  Miignesiaui,  Asiae  civitatem. 
a   consule   Cornelio    Scipione   ingenti    ])roelid*    fusus    est. 

20  Auxilid  fuit  Romanis  in  ea  })ugna  Eumenes,  Attall  regis 
f rater,  qui  Eumeniam  in  IMnygia  C(mdidit.  QuTnquaginta 
mIlia  ])editum,  tria  equitum  eo  certamine  ex  parte  regis 
occlsa  sunt.  Tum  rex  ])acem  i)etlt.  Tsdem  condicionibus 
data  est  a  senatil,  (juamquam  victo,  (jni])us  ante  offerebatur : 

25  ut  ex  Europa  et  Asia  recederet  atque  intra  Taurum  se  con- 
tineret,    decem    mIlia   talentorum   et  vlginti   obsides   prae- 

1  H.  498.  Ill  ;  M.  :]:^6  ;  A.  &  G.  331,/;  G.  550,  2  ;  B.  29(1.  2. 

2  H.  390,  I  ;  M.  200  ;  A.  &  G.  233,  a  ;  G.  356  ;  B.  191,  2,  a. 

3  H.  431.  4  ;  M.  255,  1  ;  A.  &  G.  255.  <l  1  ;  G.  409  ;  B.  227,  2.  a. 

*  H.  425,  II,  1,  1);  M.  240,  2;  A.  ^  G.  259,  a  ■  (\.  .189  ;   B.  218,  7. 


\ 


38 


EUTROPI    BRKVIARII 


beret,  Hannibalem,  concitatorem  \w\\\,  dederet.  EumenI 
regi  donatae  sunt  a  senatfi  oimies  Asiae  civitates,  quas 
Antiochus  bello  perdiderat,  et  Rhodils,  qui  auxilium  Rd- 
iiiains  contra  regem  Antiochuiu  tiilerant,  iiiultae  urbes 
5  coiicessae  sunt.  Sclpio  R<3mam  rediit,  ingenti  gloria  trium- 
phavit.  Noiuen  et  ipse  ad  iuiitationem  fratris  Asiagenis 
accepit,  (piia  Asiaui  vk-erat,  slcuti  frater  ipsTus  propter 
African!  doniitani  '  Africanus  appellabatur. 

5.  Sp.   Postuniio  Albino  Q.  ^Vlarcio  Philippo  consulibus 
10  M     Fidvius   de   Aetolls  triuniphavit.     Hannibal,  qui,  victo 

Antiocho,  ne  Komanis  traderetur  ad  Prusiara,  Bithyniae 
regem,  fugerat,  repetitus  etiani  ab  eo  est  per  T.  Quintium 
Flamininuni.  Et  cum  tradendus-  Komanis  esset,  venenum 
bibit  et  apud  Libyssam  in  finibus  Nicomedensium  sepultus 

15  est. 

Thh-d  Macedonian  War,  176-168  n.c. 

6.  Philippo,  rege  ]\[acedoniae,  mortuo,  (pii  et  adversum 
Komanos  bellum  gesserat  et  postea  Romanls  contra  Antio- 
chum  auxilium  tulerat,  filius  eius  Perseus  in  IMacedonia 
rebellavit  ingentibus  copiis  ad  bellum  paratis.    JN"am  adiuto- 

20  res  habebat  Cotyn,  Thraciae  regem,  et  regem  lllyrici.  Gen- 
tium nomine.'^  Eomanis  autem  auxilio  erant  Eumenes, 
Asiae  rex,  Ariaratus  Cappadociae,  Antiochus  Syriae,  Ptole- 
maeus  Aegypti,  ^Masinissa  Numidiae.  Prusias  autem  Bithy- 
niae, quamquam  surorem  Persei  uxorem  haberet,  utrisque 

25  se  aequum  praebuit.  Dux  Eomanorum  P.  Licinius  cousul 
contra  Perseum  missus  est  et  a  rege  gravi  proelio  victus. 
Xeque  tamen  Ronulni.  quamquam  superati,  regi  petenti 
pacem  praestare  voluerunt,  nisi   his    condicionibus :    ut    se 

1  H.  549,  5,  N.  2  ;  M.  286  ;  A.  &  G.  292,  a  ;  G.  325,  r.  3  ;  B.  337,  5. 

2  H.  466,  N.  ;  M.  295,  1  ;  A.  &  G.  294,  b  ;  G.  251  ;  B.  337,  7,  ?),  1. 

3  II    4  J  t     M   238,  I  ;  A.  &  G.  253  ;  G.  397  ;  B.  226. 


J.IBEK    IV. 


•Ji7 


•J  CI 


et  suos  senatui  et  populo  Romano  dederet.^  Mox  missus 
contra  eum  L.  Aemilius  Paulus  consul  et  in  lllyricum  C 
Anicius  praetor  contra  Gentium.  Sed  Gentius  facile  unO 
proelio  victus  mox  se  dedidit.  Mater  eius  et  uxor  et  duo 
5  filii,  frater  cpiocpie  simul  in  potestatem  Romanorum  vene- 
runt.  Ita  bello  intra  xxx  dies  perfecto  ante  cognitum  est 
Gentium  victum  (^uam  coeptum  bellum  nuntiaretur. 


Battle  of  Pi/dna,  168  B.C. 

7.  Cum  Perseo  autem  Aemilius  Paulus  consul  iii  Nonas 
Septembres  dimicavit  vicitque  eum  vigiuti  mililjus  peditum 

10  eius  occisis.  Equitatus  cum  rege  integer  fugit.  Romanorum 
centum  milites  amissi  sunt.  Urbes  Macedoniae  omnes, 
quas  rex  tenuerat,  Romanis  se  dediderunt ;  ipse  rex,  cum 
desereretur  ab  amicis,  venit  in  Pauli  potestatem.  Sed 
honorem  ei  consul  non  quasi  victo  habuit.    Nam  et  volentem 

15  ad  pedes  sibi"  cadere  non  permisit  et  iuxta  se  in  sella  cou- 
locavit.  ]VIacedonibus  et  lllyriis  hae  leges  a  Romanis  datae  : 
ut  liberi  essent  ^  et  dimidium  eorum  tributorum  praestarent/ 
quae  regibus  praestitissent,  ut  appareret  populum  Romfinum 
pro  aequitiite  magis  quam  aviiritia  dimicare.     Itaque  in  con- 

20  ventu  iufinitorum  populoruui  Paulus  hoc  pronuntiavit  et 
legfitidnes  multarum  gentium,  quae  ad  eum  venerant,  ma- 
gniticentissime  convivid  pavit,  dicens  eiusdem  hominis  ^  esse 
debere  et  bello  vincere  et  convivii  apparatti  elegantem  esse. 

Revolt  in  Epinis. 

8.  ^rox  septuaginta  civitates  Epirl,  quae  rebellarant.  cepit, 
25  praedam  militibus  distribuit.     Romam  ingenti  pompa  rediit 

1  H.  499,  3  ;  M.  333,  3  ;  A.  &  G.  331,  x.;  G.  546,  I  ;  B.  295,  1. 

2  H.  384,  4,  N.  2  ;  M.  208  ;  A.  &  G.  235,  a  ;  G.  350,  1  ;  B.  188,  1. 

3  H.  396,  I  ;  M.  217,  2  ;  A.  &  G.  214,  c  ;  G.  366  ;  B.  198,  3. 


40 


EUTROPI   BREVIARir 


in  navl  Persel,  (luae  iiiusitatae  magnitudinis  ^  fuisse  traditiir, 
adeo  ut  sedecim  ordines  dlcatur  habuisse  remoriim.  Triiim- 
phavit  autein  magnificentissime  in  curru  aureo  cum  duobus 
fllils  utroque  latere  astantibus.      DuctI   sunt   ante  curruni 

5  duo  regis  fllil  et  ipse  Perseus,  xlv  annos  natus.  Post  euni 
etiani  Anicius  de  Illyrils  triumphavit.  Gentius  cum  fratre 
et  fllils  ante  currum  ductus  est.  Ad  hoc  spectaculum  reges 
multarum  gentium  Romam  veneiunt,  inter  alios  etiam 
Attains  at(iue  p:umenes,  Asiae  reges,  et  Prusias  Bitliyniae. 

10  ;Magn(3  lionore  except!  sunt  et  permittente  senatu  dona 
quae  attulerant  in  Capitolio  posuerunt.  Prusias  etiam 
fllium  suiim  Nicomeden  senatui  commendtavit. 

9.    Insequentl  anncj  L.  Memmius  in  Liisitania  bene  pu- 
gnavit.    Marcellus  postea  consul  res  ibidem  prosperas  gessit. 

Third  Funic  War,  149-146  B.C. 

ir.  10  Tertium  deinde  bellum  contra  Karthaginem  suscipi- 
tur,  sexcentesimo  et  altero  ab  urbe  condita  anno,  L.  Manlio 
Censorino  et  M.  ^Manllio  cdnsulibus,  anno  (luTncpiagesimo 
primo  postquam  secundum  Punicum  transactum  erat.  Hi 
profecti  Karthaginem  oppiignaverunt.     Contra  eos  Hasdru- 

20  bal,  dux  Karthfiginiensium,  dimicabat.  Famea,  dux  alius, 
equitatui  KarthaginirMisium  praeerat.  Sclpio  tunc,  Sclpionis 
African!  nei)OS,  tribunus  ibi  nnlitabat.  Huius"  apud  omnes 
ingens  metus  et  reverentia  erat.  Nam  et  paratissimns  ad 
d!micandum'^  et  consultissimus  habebatur.     Itaque  per  eum 

25  multa  a  consulibus  prospere  gesta  sunt,  neqne  quicquam 
magis  vel  Hasdrubal  vel  Famea  vltabant  quam  contra  eam 
Romanorum  partem  committere  ubi  Sc!pio  d!inicaret. 

1  H.  396,  \   .   M.  -222,  224,  s.;  A.  &  G.  215  ;  G.  366  ;  B.  203,  5. 

2  h!  396,  III  .   M    216,  1  ;  A.  &  G.  217  ;  G.  363,  2  ;  B.  200. 

3  H.  542,  III  ;  M.  291  ;  A.  &  G.  300  ;  G.  430  ;  B.  338,  3. 


l.iBKR    IV 


41 


1 1  TVr  idem  tempus  Masinissa,  rt^x  XumidSrum,  per  annos 
sexaginta  fer^  amicus  popull  Komani,  anno  vltae  nonage- 
simo  septimo  mortuus  quadraginta  (juattuor  fllils  rellctis 
Sclpionem  divlsorem  regnl  inter  filios  suos  esse  iussit. 
5  12  Cum  igitur  clarum  ScI})ionis  nomen  esset,  iuvenis  ad- 
huc  consul  est  factus  et  contra  Karthaginem  missus.  Is  eam 
ct'pit  ac  diruit.  Spolia  ibi  inventa,  (juae  variarum  civitatum 
excidils  ^  Karthago  conlegerat,  et  ornamenta  iirbium  clvitati- 
bns  Siciliae,  Italiae,  Africae  reddidit,  quae  sua  recognosce- 

i(»  bunt.  Ita  Kartliago  septingentesimo  anno,  quam  condita 
erat,  deleta  est.  Sclpio  nomen  (piod  avus  eius  acceperat 
meruit,  scilicet  ut  pro])ter  virtutem  etiam  ipse  Africanus 
iunior  vocaretur. 

13     Interim  in  Macedonia  quTdani  Pseudophilippus  arma 

15  movit  et  Romanum  praetorem  P.  luventium  contra  se  mis- 
snm  ad  internecionem  vicit.  Post  eum  Q.  Caecilius  Metel- 
lus  dux  a  Romanis  contra  Pseudophilippum  missus  est  et 
XXV  mllilms  eius  occTsTs  ^Facedcmiam  rece])it,  ipsum  etiam 
Pseudophilip[)um  in  potestatem  suam  redegit. 


Dpsfrnction  of  Corinth,  146  r.c. 

20  14  Corinthils  quoque  bellum  indictum  est,  nobilissimae 
Graeciae  clvitatl,  propter  inifiriam  legatorum  Romanorum. 
Hanc  Mummius  consul  cepit  et  diruit.  Tres  igitur  Komae 
simul  celeberrim!  triumph!  fuerunt :  .\frican!  ex  Africa, 
ante  cuius  currum  ductus  est  Hasdrubal,  Metelll  ex  ]Mace- 

25  donia,  cuius  currum  praecessit  Andriscus,  Idem  qui  et  Pseu- 
dophilippus, Mumml  ex  Corintho,  ante  quem  signa  aenea  et 
pictae  tabulae  et  alia  urbis  clarissimae  ornamenta  praelata 
sunt. 

1  H.  415  ;  M.  234  ;  A.  &  G.  244  ;  G.  395  ;  B.  216. 


I 


42 


Kl"l'K()lM    I'.KKVlAltll 


15  Iteriim  in  Macedonia  Fseudoperses,  qui  se  Persei  fl- 
lium  esse  dicebat,  conlectis  servitils  rebellavit  et,  cum 
sedecini  milia  armaturuni  liaberet,  a  TremelliO  (luaestore 
superatus  est. 

Celtlherian  War,  154  b.c. 

5  16.  i':6dem  tempore  Metellus  in  Celtiberia  apud  Hispanos 
res  egregias  gessit.  Successit  e!  Q.  Pompeius.  Nee  multo ' 
post  Q.  quoque  Caepio  ad  idem  bellum  missus  est,  quod 
(pildam  Viriathus  contra  Uonulnos  in  Lusitania  gerebat. 
Quo  metu  Viriathus  a  suls  interfeetns  est,  cum  quattuorde- 

10  cim  annis  llispanias  ad  versus  Romanos  nulvisset.  Pastor 
primo  fuit,  mox  latronum  dux.  postremo  tantos  ad  belluiu 
popidos  concitavit  ut  adsertor  contra  Komanos  llispaniae 
putaretur.  Et  cum  iuterfectdres  eius  praemium  a  Caepiune 
consule  peterent,  responsum  est  numquam  Komanis  placu- 

15  isse  imperatores  a  suis  mllitibus  interficT. 

Capture  of  NnmuMtia,  lo3  n.c. 

17.   Q.  l^ompeius  deinde  consul  a  Numantlnls,  quae  Hispa- 

niae  civitas  fuit  opulentissima,  superatus-  pacem  ignoi)ilem 

ITn-it.     Post  eum  C.  Hostllius  Mancluus  consul  iterum  cum 

Numantlnis  pacem  fecit  infamem,  quani  populus  et  senatus 

20  iussit  Int'ringI  atque  ipsum  :\ranclnum  liostibus  tradl,  ut  in 
iUo,  quem  auctdrem  foederis  habebant,  iniuriam  solutl 
foederis  '  vindicarent.  Post  tantam  igitur  ignominiam,  qua 
a  Xumantinls  bis  Roman!  exercitus  fuerant  subiugatl,  P. 
ScTpio  Africanus  secundo  consul  factus  et  ad  Numantinm 

25  missus  est.     Is  primum  mllitem  vitiosum  et  ignavum  exer- 

i  II.  417,  2  ;  M.  248  ;  A.  &  G.  250  ;  G.  408  ;  B.  223. 

'i  II.  549,  5  ;  M.  281,  4  ;  A.  &  G.  292,  k.  ;  Gr.  r,fi4.  k.  1  ;  B.  .3.37,  2. 

3  H.  39G,  III  ;  M.  210,  1  ;  A.  &  G.  217  :  (i.  303.  2  ;  B.  200. 


LIBER    IV. 


43 


cendo  magis  quam  ]»uuiend6  sine  ali(|ua  acerbitate  correxit, 
tum  multas  Hispaniae  civitates  partiin  cepit,  partim  in 
deditionem  acce})it,  postremo  ipsam  Xumantiam  difi  o])ses- 
sam  fame  confccit  et  a  solo  evertit,  reliquam  provinciam  in 
5  lidem  accepit. 

18.  Eodem  tempore  Attahis,  rex  Asiae,  frater  P^umenis, 
mortuus  est  heredemque  populum  Romanum  relicpiit.  Ita 
im|»cri6  R(3mano  per  testamentum  Asia  accessit. 

19.  Mox  etiam  1).  lunius  Brutus  de  CallaecTs  et  Lusitanls 
10  magna  gloria  triumphavit  et   P.  Sclpio   Africanus  de  Xu- 

mantlnTs   secuudum   triumplium  cgit   quarto   decimo   anno 
postquam  i)riorem  de  Africa  egcrat. 

War  ivith  Aristotiiais,  I'M  b.c. 
20    >rotum  interim  in  Asia  bellum  est  ab  Aristonico,  P^ume- 
nis  flli('),  qui  ex  concubina  susceptus  fuerat.     Hic  Eumenes 

15  frater  Attall  fuerat.  Adversus  eum  missus  V.  Licinius 
Crassus  mfinlta  rcgum  habuit  auxilia.  Xani  et  Rithvniae 
rex  Nicomedes  Romanos  iuvit  et  Mithradates  Ponticus,  cum 
(pio  bellum  i)0stea  gravissimum  fuit,  et  Ariaratus  Cappa- 
dox  et  Pylaemenes  Paphlagon.     Victus  est  tamen  Crassus 

20  et  in  proelio  interfectus  est.  Caput  ipslus  Aristonico 
oblatum  est,  corpus  Smyrnae  se])ultum.  Postea  Perperna, 
consul  Romanus,  qui  successor  Crassd  venicbat,  audita  belli 
fortuna  ad  Asiam  celeravit  et  acie  victum  Aristonicum  apud 
Stratoniccn  civitatem,  quo  confugerat,  fame  ad  deditionem 

25  compulit.  Aristonicus  iussu^  senatus  Rdmae  in  carcere 
strangulatus  est.  Triunq.hari  euim  de  ed  ndn  ])oterat,  quia 
Perperna  {q)ud  IVrgamum  Rdmam  redie'Mis  diem  obierat. 

21.   L.  Caecilid  Metelld  et  T.  Quintid  Flaminiud  consulibus 
Karthagd  in  Africa  iussil '  senatus  reparata  est,  quae  nunc 

1  H.  410  ;  M.  238  ;  A.  &  G.  253,  y.;  G.  4(18.  n.  1  ;  B.  219,  2. 


44  EUTKom    BUHVIARII 

iuaiiet,  aimis  duObus  et  vlgiutl  postquaui  a  Sclpione  fuerat 
eversa.     Deducti  sunt  eo  elves  Roiiiani. 

War  with  Transalpine  Gauls,  125-121  B.C. 

22  Anno  sexcentesimo  vicesimo  septimo  ab  iirbe  condita 
C.  Cassiiis  Longlnus  et   Sex.   Domitius   Calvlnus  consules 

5  Gallls  transalpinis  belliuu  intulerunt  et  Arvernorum  tunc 
nobilissiniae  civitati  atque  eoruni  duel  Bitulto,  Infinltani- 
que  niultitudinem  iuxtil  lUiudanuni  liuviuni  interfeeerunt. 
Praeda  ex  torquibus  Galloruin  ingens  Romani  perlata  est. 
lUtuitus  se  Domitio  dedit  atcpie  ab  eo  Koniani  deduetus  est, 

10  niagurique  gloria  consules  andx")  triunipliaverunt. 

23  ^1  Voi'cio  Catone  et  (,».  Marcio  Rege  eonsulibus  sex- 
centesiniO  trleesimo  et  tertid  anno  ab  urbe  condita  Xarbone 
in  Gallia  colonia  dedueta  est  annOque  post  a  L.  Caeeiho 
Metello  et  Q.  Miicio  Scaevola  eonsulibus  de  Dalniatia  tn- 

15  uniphatum  est. 

24  Ab  ur))e  condita  anno  sexcentesimo  trleesimo  quinto 
C.    Cato   consul    Seordisels   intulit  bellum  ignominiosecpie 

pfio-nnvit. 

25.  L.  Caeeilio  Metello  et  On.  Carl)one  eonsulibus  duo 
'JO  ^letelli  fratres  eodem  die,  alteuum  ex  Sardinia,  alterum  ex 

'riiraeia,    triumplium    egerunt,    nuntiatumque    Romae     est 
Cimbros  e  Gallia  in  Italiam  transisse. 

War  n-ith  Jnynrtha,  111-104  n.c, 

26.  r.  Sclpione  Nasica  et  L.  Calpurnio  Bestia  eonsulibus 
lugurtliae,  Numidarum  regl,  bellum  inlatum  est,  quod  Ad- 

25  herbalem  et  Hiempsalem,  ^lieipsae  filids,  fratres  suos,  reges 
et  populi  Romani  amicos,  interemisset.^     IMissus  adversum 

I  H.  510.  II  ;  M.  357  ;  A.  &  (x.  321  ;  (J.  541  ;  B.  280,  1. 


ui'v.n  IV. 


lo 


eum  consul  Calpurnius  Bestia,  corriiptus  regis  pecunia, 
pacem  cum  eo  tiagitiosissimam  fecit,  quae  ii  senatfi  improbata 
est.  Postea  contra  eundem  Tnsecpientl  anno  Sj).  Fostumius 
Alblnus  profectus  est.  Is  (pioque  per  fratrem  ignominiose 
5  contra  Numidas  pugnavit. 

27.  Tertid  missus  est  Q.  Caecilius  ^letellus  consul.  Is 
exercitum  a  pridribus  ducibus  corruptum  ingenti  severitate 
et  moderatidne  cum  nihil  in  quemquam  cruentum  faceret,^ 
ad  disciplTnam  Rdmanam  reduxit.    Eugurtham  varils  proeliis 

10  vicit,  elephantds  eius  occidit  vel  cepit,  multas  clvitates  ii)sTus 
in  deditidnem  accepit.  Kt  cum  iam  finem  belld-  positurus 
esset,  successum  est'  ei  a  C.  Marid.  Is  lugurtham  et  Boc- 
chum,  Mauretaniae  regem,  (]uT  auxilium  lugurthae  ferre 
coeperat,  pariter  sui)eravit.     Aliquanta  et  ipse  opi)ida  Xu- 

15  midiae  cei)it  ])elld(pie  terminum  posuit  captd  lugurtha  per 
([uaestdrem  suum  Cornelium  Sullam,  ingentem  virum.  tra- 
dente  ]>occhd  lugurtham.  A  M.  lunid  Siland,  conlega 
(,).  :\retellr,  Cimbrl  in  Gallia  victi  sunt  et  a  Minucid  Rufd  in 
.Macedonia  ScordiscT  et  TrilmllT,  et  a  Servilid  Caepidne  in 

L'o  Hisi)ania  Lfisitanl  subacti.  ActI  sunt  et  duo  triumi)hl  de 
lugurtlia.  ))rTmus'  per  Metellum.  secundus  per  Marium. 
Ante  currum  tamen  :\rarT  Tugurtha  cum  dudbus  flliis  ductus 
est  catenatus  et  mox  iussfi  cdnsulis  in  careere  strangu- 
latus  est. 


1  II.  515,  III  ;  M.  .rs,  0  ;  A.  &  G.  PAP>,  d ;  O.  587  ;  B.  309,  3. 
^  II.  521,  II,  2  :  4<iO.  N.  ;  M.  348  :  08.  1  ;  A.  &  G.  325  :  293.  (t  ;  G.  585: 
247;  B.  288:  115. 

3  II.  301,  1  ;  M.  145,  3  ;  A.  &  G.  230  ;  G.  208,  2  ;  B.  187.  II,  b. 


46 


EUTROPT   BREVTARII 


Lli>i-J[    ie^  iMUS 

From   the   End    <>k   the  War  with    Jl'(;lkth^    to   the 
Exi)  OF  the  First  Civil  War,   lOG-81  r.c. 


War  v'lth  the  Cimbri  and  Teatones,  105-101  r.c     Bdftle 

of  Aquae  Se.vtiae,   102  B.C. 

1     Thnu  belliim  in  Numidia  eontni  Tugurtliam   gevitur,* 

Roinfinl  consules    M     Manlius   et   Q.   Caepio  a  Cimbrls  et 

Teutonibus  et  Tugurluls  et  Aiiibronibus,  (piae   erant  Ger- 

mandruin  et  Gallonini  gentes,  victi  sunt  iuxta  tluinen  lilio- 

r.  (lanum  ingenti  internecione ;  etiam  castra  sua  et  magnani 
partem  exereitiis  perdiderunt.  Timor  Romae  grandis  fuit, 
(juantus  vix  Hannibalis  tempore  ne  iterum  GallT  Romam 
venlrent.-  Ergo  Marius  post  victoiiam  lugurtliTnam  se- 
cundo  consul  est  factus,  belbuucpie   ei   contra  Cimbros  et 

10  Teutonas  decretum  est.  Tertio  (pio(pie  ei  et  quarto  delatus 
est  consulatus,  cpiia  belhim  Cimbricum  protrabebatur.  8ed 
in  quarto  consulatu  conlegam  babuit  Q.  Lntatium  Catubim. 
Cum  Cimbrls  itaque  cdniilxit  et  (bidbi\s  proeUls  cc  miha 
hostium  cecldit,  lxxx  mlba  cepit  et  ducem  edrum  Teutobo- 

15  dum.  propter  quod  meritum  absens  quinto  consul  est  I'actus. 

Baffh>  of  VerceUae,  101  n.r. 

2.   interea  Cimbri  et  Teiitones,  qu(3rum  copia  adliiic  Inflnlta 

erat.  ad  Ttaliam  transierunt.     Iterum  a  C.  ]\rario  et  Q.  Catulo 

contra  eos  dimicatum  est,  sed  a  Catull  parte  felicius.     Nam 

proelid,  quod  simul  arnlx")  gesserunt,  cxl  milia  aut  in  pugna 

20  aut  in  fuga  caesa  sunt,  lx  mIlia  capta.     Rdmani  mllites  ex 

1  H.  4r.7.  nr.  4  :  M.  852  :  A.  &  G.  276,  8  ;  G.  570  ;  B.  298.  I. 

2  H.  498.  Ill  ;  M.  ^:^i^ ;  A.  &  G.  881.  /;  0.  5.50  ;  B.  290,  2. 


LIBER   V. 


i: 


utrdque  exercitu  tiecenti  perierunt.  Tria  et  trigiiita  (jiu- 
brls '  signa  sublata  sunt ;  ex  his  exercitus  Mari  duo  reporta- 
vit,  Catull  exercitus  xxxi.  Is  belli  finis  fuit;  triumphus 
utrique  decretns  est. 

Social  War,  90-88  b.c. 
6  3.  Sex.  Ifilid  Caesare  et  L.  Marcid  R]iili})pd  cdnsulibus  sex- 
centesimd  quinquagesimd  ndnd  annd  ab  urbe  condita,  cum 
prope  alia  omnia  bella  cessarent.  in  Italia  gravissimum 
bellum  Picentes,  Marsi  l*aeligni(iue  mdvernnt,  qui,  cum  annis 
numerdsis  iam  pojuild  Rdniand  oboedirent.  turn  libertatem 

10  sibi-  aequam  adserere  coeperunt.  Rernieidsum  adinodum 
hoc  bellum  fnit.  R.  Rutilius  consul  in  ed  occisus  est,  Cae- 
pio, ndbilis  iuvenis,  Rorcius  Catd,  alius  consul.  Duces 
auteni  adversus  Rdnulnds  Ricentibns  '  et  Marsis  fuerunt 
T.  Vettins,  llierius   Asinius,   T.    lR"ivnnius,  A.   Cluentius. 

15  A  Rdmanis  bene  contra  eds  i)ugnatum  est  a  C.  Mario,  qui 
sexies  consul  fuerat,  et  a  C:n.  Rompeid,  maxime  tamen  a 
L.  Cornelid  8ulla,  qui  inter  alia  egregia  ita  Cluentium,  ho- 
stium ducem,  cum  nutgnis  cdpiis  ffidit  ut  ex  suis"  unum 
amitteret.''     Quadriennid  cum  gravi  tamen  calamitate  hdc 

20  bellum  triictum  est.  Quintd  demum  annd  finem  accepit  per 
L.  Cornelium  Sullam  cdiisulem,  cum  antea  in  eddem  ])elld 
ipse  multa  strenue,  sed  praetor,  egisset. 

First   Mlthradatir  War,  88-84  b.c. 
4.    Annd  urbis  conditae  sexcentesiind  sexagesimd  secundd 
primum  Rdmae  bellum  civih^  commdtum  est,  eddem  annd 

^  H.  414  ;  M.  280  ;  A.  &  G.  248  ;  (J.  81H),  2  ;  B.  214.  1,  b. 

2  H.  884.  II,  2)  ;  M.  208  ;  A.  &  (i.  285  ;  G.  850.  1  ;  B.  188,  1. 

8  H.  387  ;  M.  212  ;  A.  &  G.  281  ;  (i.  349  ;  B.  VM). 

*  H.  397,  3,  X.  8  ;  M.  225,  n.  2  ;  A.  &  G.  210,  c  ;  G.  372.  h.  2  ;  B.  20]    ]    a 

^  H.  500,  II  ;  M.  882,  4  ;  A.  &  G.  319,  1  ;  G.  552.  1  ;  B.  284,  1. 


48 


EUTROPI    BKEVIARII 


etiaDi  Mithradaticuin.  Causain  bello  civlll  C.  Marius  sexies 
consul  dedit.  Nam  cum  Sulla  consul  contra  :\litlirada- 
ten  gestiirus '  belluni,  (lul  Asiam  et  Acliaeam  occupaverat, 
mitteretur,  iscjue  exercitum  in  Campania  paulisper  teneret, 

5  lit  bell!  socirilis,  de  cpio  diximus,  quod  intra  Italiam  gestum 
fuerat,  reliquiae  tollerentur,  Marius  adfectavit  ut  ipse  ad 
bellum  ^litliradaticum  mitteretur.-  Qua  re=^  Sulla  commo- 
tus  cum  exercitu  ad  urbem  venit.  lllic  contra  ]VIariiini 
et  Sulpicium  dlmicavit.     rrlmus  urbem    Romam    armatus 

10  ingressus  est,  Sulpicium  interfecit,  Marium  fugavit,  at(iue 
ita  ordinatls  consulibus  in  futurum  annum  Cn.  Octavio  et 
L.  Cornelio  Cinna  ad  Asiam  profectus  est. 

Mit!ir<(rl<(fes  inrades  Asia. 
5     Mithradates  enim,  (pil  Tonti  rex  erat  atque  Armenian! 
iViinorem  et  totiim  ronticum  mare  in  circuitu  cum  Bosporo 

15  tenebat,  primum  Xicomeden,  amicum  ]X)pulI  KomanT,  IVitliy- 
niaS^oluit  expellere  senatuupie  mandavit  belhim  se  el  propter 
iniurias  quas  passus  fuerat  inliiturum.  A  senatfi  responsum 
MitliradatI  est,  si  id  faceret,  quod  bellum  a  Romanis  et  ipse 
pateretur.     Quare  iratus  Cappadociam  statim  occupavit  et 

20  ex  ea  Ariobarzanen,  regem  et  amicum  populi  Roman!,  fuga- 
vit. Mox  etiam  l^ithyniam  invasit  et  Paplilagoniam  pulsTs 
regibus,  aniTcis  populi  Roman!,  Pylaemene  et  Nicomede. 
Inde  Ephesum  contendit  et  per  omnem  Asiam  litteras  misit 
ut  iibicumque  invent!  essent^  elves  Roman!,  unn  die  occide- 

25  rentur. 

1  11.  549,  ;] ;  31.  2.S3  ;  A.  &  G.  298,  ^>,  2  ;  G.  070.  :) ;  B.  337,  4. 

2  H.  501,  II,  1  ;  M.  341,  1  ;  A.  &  G.  332  ;  G.  553  ;  B.  297,  1. 

3  H.  410  ;  M.  254  ;  A.  &  G.  245  ;  G.  408  ;  B.  219. 

*  H.  412,  II  ;  :^I.  230,  2  ;  A.  &  G.  258,  a  ;  G.  391  ;  B.  229,  1,  a. 
6  H.  529,  I  ;  :M.  388  ;  A.  &  G.  334  ;  G.  407  ;  B.  300.  1. 


LiiiEK  y. 


1!^ 


Sulfa  talces  Athens,  87  B.C.  Battle  of  Chaeronea,  S6  r.c. 
6.  Interea  etiam  Atlienae,  civitas  Achaeae,  ab  Aristone 
Athenieiis!  :\Iitliiadat!  tradita  est.  .Aflserat  enim  iam  ad 
Achaeam  :\Iitliradates  Arclielaum,  ducem  suum,cum  centum 
et  v!gint!  m!libus  equitum  '  ac  peditum.  per  quern  etiam 
-.  ivli(pia  (iraecia  occupata  est.  Sulla  Arclielaum  apud  Ri- 
raeum.  mjn  longc  ab  AtlicuLs,  obsedit,  ipsas  Athenas  cepit. 
Rostea  commisso  }»roeli6  contra  Arclielaum  ita  eum  v!cit  ut 
ex  cxx  mllibus  vix  decem  Archelao  superessent,  ex  Siillae 
exercitu  xiii  tantum  homines  interficerentur.     Hac  pugna 

10  Mitbradates  cognita  septuaginta  milia  lectissima  ex  Asia 
Archelao  m!sit,  contra  (]uem  iterum  Sulla  commlsit.  Primo 
proelid  (lulndecini  milia  hostium  interfecta  sunt  et  fllius 
Archela!  Diogenes;  secundd  omnes  Mithradatis  cdpiae  ex- 
stinctae   sunt,    Archelaus   ipse   tr!duo  nudus   in   palfidilnis 

1.-^  latiiit.     Hac  re  audita  Mithradates  iussit  cum  Sulla  de  pace 


agi. 


T(^rms  of  Peace,  84  h.c.     Si^lla's  Retnr,,  tit  Ttahj,  S3  \^^\ 
7.    Interim  ed  temi)ore  Sulla  etiam  Dardands,  Scordiscds, 
Dalmatas  et  :\laedds   partim  vicit,  alids    in   iidcm  accepit. 
Sed   cum   If-gatl  a    rege  Mithradate,  (pi!   pacem    petebant, 

L'O  venissent,  ndii  aliter  se  daturum  Sulla  esse  respdndit.  nisi 
rex  rellctis  his,  quae  occupaverat.  ad  regnum  suum  redisset. 
Rostea  tamen  ad  conloquium  ambd  venerunt.  Pax  inter  eds 
drdinata  est,  ut  Sulla  ad  l)ellum  civile  festlnans  a  tergd 
perlculum  ndii  habrret.     Nam  dum  Sulla  in  Achaea  at(jue 

2.1  Asia  :\Iithradaten  vincit,'  Marius,  qui  fugatus  erat,  et  Cor- 
nelius Cinna,  unus  ex  cdnsulibus,  bellum  in  Italia  reparave- 

^  II.  397,  2  ;  M.  225.  1  ;  A.  &  G.  210,  a,  2  ;  G.  :;70  ;  B.  201,  1. 
2  II.  407,  4  ;  M.  352  ;  A.  &  G.  270.  3  ;  G.  579  :  B.  293,  I. 

HAZ.    KL'TROPMS—  4 


50 


EUTROPI   BREVIARTI 


runt  et  ingressl  urbem  Roiuain  nobilissimos  e  senatu  et  con- 
sulares  viros  intertecemnt,  multos  proscripsenmt,  ipsius 
Bullae  domo  eversa  fllios  et  iixorem  ad  fugam  compulenmt. 
tJniversus  reliqmis  senatus  ex  urbe  fugiens  ad   Sullam  in 

5  Graeciam  venit,  orans  ut  patriae  subveiuret.  Tile  in 
italiam  traiecit,  bellum  civile  gesturus  adversus  Norbaniim 
et  Sclpioneni  consules.  Et  prluio  proelio  contra  Norbanum 
dimicavit  non  longe  a  Capua.^  Tunc  sex  mllia  eius  cecTdit, 
sex  milia  cepit,  cxxiv  suos  amisit.    Inde  etiam  ad  Scipionem 

10  se  convertit   et   ante    proeliuni   totum  eius  exercitum  sine 
sanguine  in  deditionem  accepit. 

Battle  of  Golline  Gate,  82  b.c. 
8.    Sed  cum  Romae  miitatT  consules  essent,  Marius,  Mar! 
filius,   ac    Paplrius    Carbo    consulatum    accepissent,    Sulla 
contra  Mariuni  iuniorem  dimicavit  et  xv  mllibus  eius  occlsis 

15  cccc  de  suls  perdidit.  Mox  etiam  urbem  ingressus  est. 
Marium,  :\IarI  f ilium,  Praeneste^  persecutus  obsedit  et  ad 
mortem  compulit.  Rursus  pfignam  gravissimam  liabuit 
contra  Lamponium  et  Carinatem,  duces  partis  Marianae,  ad 
portam  Colllnam.     lxx  milia  hostium  in  eo  proelio  contra 

20  Sullam  fuisse  dicuntur.  xii  milia  se  Sullae  dediderunt, 
ceteri  in  acie,  in  castris,  in  fuga  Insatiabili  Ira  victorum 
consumpti  sunt.  Cn.  quoque  Carbo,  consul  alter,  ab  Arl- 
mino  ad  Siciliam  filgit  et  ibi  per  Cn.  Pompeium  interfectus 
est,  quem  adulescentem  Sulla  atque  annos  unum  et  viginti 

25  natum   cognita   eius   industria   exercitibus   praefecerat.   ut 

secundus  a  Svdla  haberetur. 

9    Occiso  ergo  Carbone  Siciliam  Pompeius  recepit.    Trans- 

1  il.  -iiii,  ii,  ->,  N.,    M.  233,  3;  A.  &  G.  258,  «,  n.  1  ;  G.  391,  r.  1  , 

r>     2*)'2    2 

'  s'h.  3bu,  ii ,  M.  199,  1 ;  A.  &  G.  258,  h  ;  G.  337  ;  B.  182,  1,  a. 


]^v.v^\  VT. 


51 


gressus  inde  ad  Africam  Domitium,  ^rarianae  partis  ducem, 
et  Hiardam,  regem  ^Mauretauiae,  qui  Domitio  auxilium  fere- 
bat,  occidit.  Post  haec  Sulla  de  Mitliradate  ingenti  gloria 
triumpliavit.  Cn.  etiam  Pompeius,  quod  nulli  Romanorum 
■)  tribatum  erat,  (piartum  et  vicesimum  annum  agens  de 
Africa  triumpliavit.  Hunc  finem  habuerunt  duo  bella 
funestissima,  Italicum,  (juod  et  sociale  dictum  est,  et  chile, 
quae  anibo  tracta  sunt  per  annos  decern.  Consumpsenint 
ultra  CL  milia  liominum,  viros  consnlares  xxiv,  praetorios 
10  VII,  aedilicios  lx,  senatorPs  fere  cc. 


IJIU-:!:    bEXTUS 

From  the  End  of  the  First  Civii,  War  to  the 
Assassination'  ok  ('aesak,  <S1-44  b.o. 


War  With  Serforins,  78-72  b.c. 

1.  M.  Aemilio  Lejudo  Q.  Catulo  consulibus,  cum  Sulla 
rem  publicam  composuisset,  bella  nova  exarserunt,  unum  in 
Hispania,  aliud  in  Pamphylia  et  Cilicia,  tertium  in  Mace- 
donia, (juartuiu  in  Dalmatia.     Xam  Sertorius,  (]ul  partium 

1^  ^larianarum  fuerat,  timens  fortunam  ceterorum.  qui  inte- 
reinpti  erant,  ad  bellum  commovit  Hispanias.  Missi  sunt 
contra  eum  duces  Q.  Caecilius  Metellus,  filius  eius  qui 
lugurtham  ivgem  vicit,  et  L.  Domitius  praetor.  A  Sertori 
duce  Ilirtuleio  Domitius  occisus  est.      Metellus  vario  suc- 

'-'0  cessu  contra  Sertdrium  dimicavit.  Postea  cum  impar  pu- 
gnae^  solus  ^Fetellus  putaretur,  Cn.  Pompeius  ad  His])anias 
missus  est.  Ita  duobus  ducibus  adversis  Sertorius  fortuua 
varia  saepe  pugnavit.     Octavo  demum  anno  per  suos  occisus 

1  H.  391,  I  ;  M,  214  ;  A.  &  G.  234,  a  ;  G.  359 ;  B.  192.  1. 


52 


EUTKOlM    lUiEVlAKlI 


est,  et  finis  el  bello  datiis  per  Cii.  Pompeium  adul6scentem 
et  Q.  Metellum  Pium  atque  omnes  prope  Hispaniae  in 
dicionem  populi  KomanI  redactae. 

2  \  :  Macedoniani  missus  est  Ap.  Claudius  post  eonsula- 
5  tuni.  Levia  proelia  habuit  coutra  varias  gentes,  quae  Klio- 
dopani  pi'ovinciani  incolebant,  atciue  ibi  niorbo  mortuus  est. 
Missus  el  successor  C.  Scrlbonius  Curio  post  consulatuni. 
Is  Dardanos  vlcit  et  usque  ad  Diinuviuni  penetravit  trium- 
phumque  meruit  et  intra  triennium  bello  finem  dedit. 

War  icith  the  Isauriaus,  78  b.c. 

10  3.  Ad  Ciliciam  et  Pampliyliam  missus  est  P.  Servilius  ex 
consule,  vir  strenuus.  Is  Ciliciam  subegit,  Lyciae  urbes 
clarissimas  oppugnavit  et  cepit,  in  his  Phaselida,  Olympum. 
C\ny^^"»^-  Isauros  quoque  aggressus  in  dicionem  redegit 
at(iue  intra  triennium  bello  fInem  dedit.     Prinuis  omnium 

i:.  Ur.manorum^  in  Tauro  iter  fecit.  Revertens  triumplium 
accepit  et  nomen  Isaurici  meruit. 

4.  Ad  illyricum  missus  est  C.  Cosconius  pro  consule.  ^lul- 
tam  partem  Dalmatiae  subegit,  Salonas  cepit  et  comp(»sitd 
bello  Romam  post  biennium  rediit. 

20  5.  isdem  temporibus  consul  :M.  Aemilius  Lepidus,  Catull 
conlega,  bellum  civile  voluit  commovere,  intra  unam  tamen 
aestatem  motus  eius  oppressus  est.  Ita  uno  tempore  multl 
simul  triumpbl  fuerunt,  Metelll  ex  Hispania,  Pomi)eI  secun- 
dus  ex  liispania,  Curionis  ex  ^Macedonia,  Servlll  ex  Isauria. 

The   Third  Mithradatic  War,  74-63  b.('. 
2R       6      Vnno  urbis  conditae  sexcentesimo  septuagesimo  sexto 
L.  Licinio  Lucullo  et  .M.  Aurelio  Cottfi  consulibus  mortuus 

1  II.  397,  3  ;  M.  225.  3  ;  A.  &  G.  210,  a,  '2  ;  G.  372  ;  B.  201,  1. 


I 


LIRKi;    \ 


53 


est  Xlcom^des,  rex  Hithyniae,  et  per  testamentum  populum 
ROmanum  fecit  lieredem.  Mitliradates  pace  rupta  lUtliy- 
niam  et  Asiam  rursus  voluit  invadere.  Adversus  eum 
amb(")  consules  missi  variam  lial)uere  fortfniam.  (  otta  apud 
5  Chalcedona  victus  ab  eo  acie,  etiani  intra  opi)idum  coactus 
est  et  obsessus.  Sed  cum  se  inde  Mitliradates  Cyzicum 
transtulisset,  ut  Cyzico  capta  totam  Asiam  invaderet,  Lficul- 
lus  el.  alter  consul,  occurrit.  Ac  dum  Mitliradates  in  oJ)si- 
dione  CyzicI  commoratur,  ipse  eum  a  tergo  obsedit  fame(pie 
10  consumpsit  et  multls  proelils  vlcit,  postremd  Byzantium, 
(piae  nunc  Constantlnopolis  est,  fugavit.  Xavall  quoque 
proelid  duces  eius  Lucullus  oppressit.  Ita  una  hieme  et 
aestate  a  Lucullo  centum  fere  milia  rPgis  exstlncta  sunt. 

ITr//-  irifh  fhP  Ohidiafnrs.  73-71  i\.c. 

7.  Anno  urbis  Romae  sexcentesimo  septuagesimo  octavo 
!."•  xMacedoniam  provinciam  M.  Liciuius  Lucullus  accepit,  con- 

sdbrlnus  Luculll,  qui  contra  Mitliradaten  bellum  gerebat. 
Et  in  Italia  novum  bellum  sulnto  commdtum  est.  Septua- 
ginta  enim  et  quattuor  gladiatdres  ducibus  Spartaco,  Crixo 
et  Oenomaij  efl'ractd  Capuae  ludd  fugenmt  et  per  Italiam 

20  vagantes  paene  ndn  levins  bellum  in  ea,  quam  Hannibal 
moverat.  paraverunt.  Nam  multls  ducibus  et  dudbus  simul 
Rdmandrum  cdnsulibus  victis  sexaginta  fere  milium  arma- 
tdrum  exercitum  congregaverunt.  victlque  sunt  in  Apulia  a 
M.  Licinid  Crassd  prd  cdnsule,  et  post  multas  calamitates 

2.1  Italiae  tertid  annd  belld  liuic  est  finis  impositus. 

8.  Sexcentesimo  octdgesimd  primd  annd  urbis  conditae.  P. 
Cornelid  Lentuld  et  Cn.  Aufidid  Oreste  cdnsulibus.  duo  tan- 
tum  gravia  bella  in  inq^erid  Rdmand  erant,  Mitliradaticum 
et  "Macedonicum.     Ilaec  duo  Luculll  agebant.  L.  Lucullus 

30  et  ^I.  Lucullus.     L.  ergo  Lucullus  post  piignam  Cyzicenam, 


54 


EUTKOi'l   BUEVIAIUI 


LIBER    VL 


00 


qua  vicerat  Mitliradaten,  et  navalem,  (lua  duces  eius  oppres- 
serat,  persecutus  est  eum  et  recepta  Paplilagouia  atque 
IJltliyiiia  etiam  regiium  eius  invasit,  Sinopen  et  AiiiTson, 
civitates  PuntT  nobilissimas,  cepit.     Secundo  proelio  a])U(l 

5  Cablra  (uvitateni,  quo  ingeiites  oopias  ex  omul  regno  adduxe- 
rat  ^rithradates,  cum  xxx  uillia  lectissinia  regis  fi  (luinque 
uillibus  K(3nuinoruni  vastata  essent,  Mithradates  fugatus 
est,  castra  eius  direpta.  Armenia  quoque  Minor,  quam 
tenuerat,  eidem  sublata  est.     Suseeptus  tamen  est  ^Vlithra- 

10  dates  post  fugam  a  Tigrane,  Armeniae  rege,  (pii  turn  ingenti 
gloria  imperabat,  Persas  saepe  vicerat,  Mesopotamiam  occu- 
paverat  et  Syriam  et  Phoenices  partem. 

Battle  of  Tigranocerta,  69  B.C. 

9     Ergo  Lucullus  repetens  hostem  fugatum  etiam  regnum 
Tigranis   ingressus    est.      Tigranocertam,   clvitatem    Arza- 

15  neuae,  nobilissimam  regni  ArmeniacT,  cepit,  ii)sum  regem 
cum  septem  milibus  quTngeutls  cllbanarils  et  centum  mlli- 
bus  sagittariorum  et  armatorum  venientem  decem  et  octo 
mllia  mllitum  liabens  ita  vicit  ut  magnam  partem  Arme- 
niorum    deleverit.      Inde    Xisibin    profectus    eam    quo(iue 

20  clvitatem  cum  regis  fratre  cepit.  Sed  hi  cpios  in  Ponto 
Lucullus  rellquerat  cum  exercitus  parte,  ut  reglones  victas 
et  iam  Ronicanorum  tuerentur,  neglegenter  se  et  avare 
agentes  occasionem  iterum  Mitliradatl  in  Pontum  inrum- 
pendi  ^  dederunt,  atque  ita  bellum  renovatum  est.     Lucullo 

25  paranti  capta  NisibI  contra  Persas  expeditionem  successor 

est  missus. 

10.   Alter  autem  Lucullus,  qui  Macedonian!  administrabat, 
Bessis  primus  Eomanorum  intulit  bellum  at(iue  eos  ingenti 

1  IT.  .-4_'.  I  ;  ^\■  280.  1  ;  A.  &  G.  298  ;  G.  428  ;  B.  338.  1,  a. 


I 


proelio  in  Haemo  monte  superavit.  Oppidum  Uscudamam, 
(juod  BessI  liabitabant,  eodem  die  quo  aggressus  est  vIcit, 
Cabylen  cepit,  usque  ad  Dcanuvium  penetravit.  Inde  multas 
supra  Pontum  positas  civitates  aggressus  est.  I  Hie  Apollo- 
5  niam  evertit,  Callatim,  Partlienopolim,  Tomos,  Histrum, 
Hurziaonem  cepit  bellocjue  confectd  Komam  rediit.  Ambo 
triumphaverunt,  tamen  Lucullus,  qui  contra  Mitliradaten 
pugnaverat,  maiore  gloria,  cum  tantorum  regnOnim  '  victor 
redisset. 

10  IL  Confecto  btdlo  Macedonico,  manente  Milhradatico, 
quod  recedente  Lucullo  rex  conlectis  auxilils  repaniverat, 
bellum  Creticum  ortum  est.  Ad  id  missus  Q.  Caecilius  ^le- 
tellus  ingentibus  proelils  intra  trienninm  oinnem  jirovinciam 
cepit,  ai)pellatusque   est   Creticus   at(pie   ex   Insula   trium- 

15  phavit.  Quo  tempore  Libya  (iuo(|ue  Komano  imperid  per 
testamentum  Appionis,  (pil  rgx  eius  fuerat,  accessit,  in  qua 
inclutae  urbes  erant  Berenice,  Ptolemais,  Cyrene. 

Cn.   Pomp^)!  takes  command,  C^(^  n.r. 

12.  Dum  haec  geruntur,  piratae  omnia  maria  infestabant 
ita  ut  Romanis  tdtd  orbe  victdribus  sola  navigatid  tuta  ndn 

20  esset.  (,)uare  id  bellum  (^n.  Pompeid  decretum  est.  Quod 
intra  i)aucds  menses  ingenti  et  felicitate  et  celeritate  cdnfe- 
cit.  Mox  ei  delatum  etiam  bellum  contra  Mithradaten  et 
Tigranen.  Qud  susceptd  :\Iitliradaten  in  Armenia  Mindre 
nocturnd   proelid   vIcit,   castra    diripuit.   quadraginta    mllia 

25  eius  occldit,  viginti  tantuni  dc  exercitu  ^  sud  perdidit  et 
duds  centuridnes.  Mithradates  cum  nxdre  fugit  et  dudbus 
Qomitibus.     Neque  niultd  post,  cum  in  suds  saevlret.  Pliar- 

1  H.  31)(;,  III  ;   M.  21»;,  I  ;  A.  &  G.  217  ;  G.  3f).S.  2  ;  B.  200. 

2  H.  397.  3.  X.  3  ;  M.  225,  x.  2  ;  A.  &  G.  21(j.  c ;  G.  372,  k.  2  ;  B.  201,  L  a. 


o(; 


KlTllOl'I    HUEVlAKIl 


iiacis,  filil  sui,  apiid  iiiilites  seditioiie  ad  mortem  coactiis 
venenum  hausit.  Huiic  fmern  liabuit  Mithradates.  Peri  it 
aiitem  apud  Uosporum,  vir  ingeiitis  iiidustriae^  consiliiqiic 
Kegnavit  aiiiiTs  sexaginta,  vTxit  se})tiiaginta  du6l)iis.  contra 

.">  Kdmanos  bellum  liabuit  aiiiiTs  quadragiiita. 

13.  Tigraiil  deiiide  l^ompeius  bellum  iutulit.  Ille  se  el 
dedidit  et  in  castra  Tonipei  sexto  decinuj  miliario  ab  Arta- 
xatfi  venit  ac  diadema  suum,  cum  jirdcubuisset  ad  genua 
Pompel,  in  manibus  ipsuis  conlocavit.     Quod  ei  l*om})eius 

10  reposuit  honoriliceque  eum  habit  urn  rcgnl  tarn  en  parte 
multavit  et  grandl  pecunia.  Adempta  est  ei-  Syria.  Thoe- 
nlce,  Soplianene;  sex  milia  praeterea  talentorum  argent! 
indicta,  (piae  populo  llomano  daret,  (juia  bellum  sine  causa 
Romauis  conimovisset.^ 

Pompey  s}ihdiies  Si/ria  dud  Palestine,  64  n.c. 

1.")  14.  Pompeius  mox  etiam  Albanls  bellum  intulit  et  eorum 
regem  Oroden  ter  vicit,  postremo  per  epistulas  ac  miinera 
rogatus  veniam  el  ac  pacem  dedit.  Hiberiae  quoque  rcgem 
Artacen  vicit  acie  et  in  deditionem  accepit.  Armoniam 
>rinorem  Deiotaro,  Galatiae  regl,  donavit,  cpiia  socius  belli 

•2v  Mitliradatici  fuerat.  Attalo  et  Pylaemeni  Papldagoniam 
reddidit.  Aristarclium  Colchis  regem  imposuit.  ^lov  Itu- 
raeos  et  Arabas  v^Tcit.  Et  cum  venisset  in  Syriam,  Seleu- 
cTani,  vTcInam  Antiochlae*  cTvitatem.  iTbertate^  donavit, 
(plod    regem    Tigranen    non     recepisset.^      Antioche  isibus 

2.'  obsides  reddidit.     Aliquantum  agrorum  Daphnensibus  de- 

1  H.  39(5,  V  ;  M.  222  ;  A.  &  G.  215 ;  G.  365  ;  B.  203,  1. 

2  H.  385,  II,  2  ;  M.  211  ;  A.  &  G.  229;  G.  345,  u.  1  ;  B.  188.  2.  d. 
8  IT,  r,in.  IT  ;  M.  357  ;  A.  &  G.  321  ;  G.  541  ;  B.  280,  1. 

^  11.  uUl,  1 ;  M.  214  ;  A.  &  G.  234.  a  ;  G.  350 ;  B.  192,  1. 

6  H.  384,  TI.  2  ;  M.  203  ;  A.  &  G.  225,  3,  d  ;  G.  348  ;  B.  187,  1,  a. 


LIBEK    VI. 


•X 


dit,  quo  liicus  ibi  spatiosior  tieret/  delectatus  loci  amoeni- 
tate  et  aquarum  abundantia.  Inde  ad  ludaeam  transgressus 
est,  Hierosolyma,  caput  gentis,  tertio  mense  cepit  xii  mlli- 
bus  Ifidaeorum  occlsis,  ceteris  in  lidem  acc^ptis.  His  gestis 
:.  in  Asiam  se  recepit  et  finem  antlquissimo  bello  dedit. 

Cicero  Consid.     Conspiracy  of  Catiline,  63  li.c. 

15.  AI.  Tullio  Cicerone  oratore  et  C.  Antonio  consulibus, 
anno  ab  urbe  condita  sexcentesimo  octogesimo  nono.  L. 
Sergius  Catilma,  nobilissiini  generis  vir,  sed  ingenil  pra- 
vissimT,  ad  dCdendam  i)atriam-  coniuravit  cum  (piibusdam 

10  Claris  quidem  sed  audacibus  viris.  A  Cicerone  urbe  ex- 
pulsus  est.  Socii  eius  deprehensi  in  carcere  strangulati 
sunt.  Ab  Antonio,  altero  consule,  Catillna  ipse  victus 
proelid  est  interfectus. 

Trinmphs  of  MeteUufi  and  Pompey,  62  b.c. 

16.  Sexcentesimo  nonagesimo  anno  urbis  conditae  I).  lunid 
ir)  Sllano  et  L.  Alurena  consulibus  Aletellus  de  Crt'ta  triumpha- 

vit,  Pompeius  de  bello  piratico  et  AFithradatico.  Nfilla 
umquam  pompa  triumph!  similis  fuit.  Duct!  sunt  ante 
eius  currum  filii  Alithradatis,  fllius  Triganis  et  Aristobiilus, 
rex  ludaeorum;  praelata  est  ingens  pecunia  et  aur!  atque 
2)  argent!  Infinitum.  Hoc  tempore  nullum  ])er  orliem  terra- 
rum  grave  bellum  erat. 

Caesar  Consul.  o\)  v,.c.     Governor  of  Gafd,  ThS-lS)  fj.c 

17.  Anno  urbis  conditae  sexcentesimo  nonagesimo  tertio 
C.    Julius   Caesar,    (pil    postea    imperavit,   cum    L.    Bibulo 

1  n.  497.  II  ;  M.  382,  3  ;  A.  &  G.  317,  2  ;  G.  545,  2  ;  B.  282,  2. 

2  H.  544.  1  ;  M.  290  ;  A.  .^t  G.  300  ;  G.  432.  n.  ■  B.  339,  2. 


58 


EUTROPI   BREVIARII 


LIBER   VI. 


59 


consul  est  factus.  Decreta  est  ei  Gallia  et  Illyricum  cum 
legionibus  decern.  Is  primus  vicit  Helvetios,  qui  nunc 
Se(iuanl  appellantur,  deinde  vincendo  ^  per  bella  gravissima 
usque  ad  Oceanum  lUitamiicum  processit.     Domuit  autem 

5  annis  novem  fere  omnem  Galliam,  quae  inter  Alpes,  lliimen 
Khodanum,  Rlienum  et  Oceanum  est  et  circuitu  patet  ad 
bis  et  tricies  centena  nillia-  passuum.  Britannis  mox  bellum 
intulit,  quibus  ante  eum  ne  niJmen  (pddem  Komanorum  co- 
gnitum  erat,  eosciue  victos  obsidibus  acceptis  stipendiarios 

10  fecit.  Galliae  ■■  autem  tributi  nomine  annuum  imperavit 
stipendium  qiiadringenties,  GermamJsque  trans  Rhenum 
aggressus  immanissimis  proelils  vIcit.  Inter  tot  successiis 
ter  male  pugnavit,  ai)ud  xVrvernos  semel  praesens  et  absens 
in  Gerniauia  bis.     Nam  legatl  eius  duo,  Titurius  et  Auriin- 

15  culeius,  per  Insidias  caesi  sunt. 

Battle  of  Carrae;  M  Licinius  Cmssns  slain,  53  B.C. 

18.  Circa  eadem  tempora,  anno  urbis  conditae  sexcentesimo 
nonagesimo  se])timo,  ^I.  Licinius  Crassus,  conlega  (hi.  Pom- 
pPi  :VtrignI  in  consulatu  secundo,  contra  Fartlids  missus  est 
et  cum  circa  Carras  contra  omen  et  auspicia  dimicasset,  a 
Surena  Orfxlis  regis  duce  victus  ad  postremum  interfectus 
20  est  cum  filio,  clarissimo  et  praestantissimo  iuvene.  Keli- 
quiae  exercitus  per  C.  Cassium  quaestorem  servatae  sunt, 
qui  singulfirl  animo*  perditas  res  tanta  virtiite  restituit  ut 
Persas  rediens  trans  Euphraten  crebrls  proelils  vinceret."' 

i  H.  542,  i\  ,  M.  202  ;  A.  &  G.  301,  footnote ;   G.  431,  3  ;  B.  338,  4,  (/. 

2  H.  370  ;  M.  106 ;  A.  &  G.  257  ;  G.  335  ;  B.  181,  1. 

■■^  II.  384,  IT  :   AT.  205  ;  A.  &  G.  227,  /;  G.  346  ;  B.  187,  IT,  a. 

^  11.  419,  n      M.  240  ;  A.  &  G.  251  ;  G.  400  ;  B.  224. 

&  H.  500,  ii  ,  31.  338  ;  A.  &  G.  310,  1  ;  G.  552,  1  ;  B.  284,  1. 


Thr    Cin'l    War   hptireen    Caesar   and    Pompej/.    40-45    r.c. 
Caesar  in  cades  Italt/,  Ponijtey  jfees  to  Greece,  49  k.c. 

19  Hinc  iam  bellum  civile  successit  exsecrandum  ^  et 
lacnmabile,  quo  i)raeter  calamitatPs,  (piae  in  i)roeliIs  accide- 
runt,  etiam  popull  Romani  fortfina  mutfita  est.  Caesar  euim 
rediens  ex  Gallia  victor  cuepit  poscere  alterum  cOnsulatum 
5  atque  ita,  ut  sine  dubietate  aliqua  el  deferretnr.  Contradi- 
ctum  est  a  Marcello  cdnsule,  a  Kibulo,  a  Ponqjeio,  a  Catone, 
iussuscpie  dimissis  exercitibus  ad  urbem  redlre.  l*r()])ter 
quam  iniuriani  ab  Arlmino.  ubi  mllites  congregatos  habO))at. 
adversum  patriam  cum  exercitu  venit.  Consules  cum  Pom- 
10  i)ei6  seiijltusque  omnis  atque  universa  ndlnlitas  ex  url)e 
fugit-  et  in  Graeciam  transiit.  \\)\\(\  Ei)Irum.  Macedouiam. 
Achaeam  Pompeio  duce  senatus  contra  Caesarem  bellum 
paravit. 

Caesar  crosses  to  Sjxiin. 

20     Caesar  vacuam  nrlxMu  ingressus  dictatdrein  se  fecit. 

15  Inde  Hispanias  petiit.    Il)i  Poiupel  exercitus  validissimds  et 
f<n'tissimos  cum  trilnis  ducibus,  L.  Afranid.  M    P.'treid.  M 
A'arrdne,  superavit.     Inde   regressus  in   Graeciam  transiit. 
adversum  Pom])eium  diuiicavit.     Prlmd   ju-oelid  victus  est 
et  fugatus,  evasit  tamen,  quia  nocte  interveniente  Pompeius 

•JO  sequi  ndluit,  dixitque  Caesar  nee  Pompeium  scire  vincere 
et  illd  tantum  die  se  potuisse  superari.  Deinde  in  Tlies- 
salia  apud  Palaeopliarsfdum  })rdductls  utrimque  ingentibus 
cdpils  dimicaverunt.  Ponipel  acies  habuit  xl  mTlia  peditum, 
equites  in  sinistrd  cornu  sexcentds,  in    dextrd  quingentds, 

25  praeterea  tdtlus  Orientis  auxilia,  tdtam   ndl)ilitatem,  innu- 

1  H.  543  ;  M.  295.  1  ;  A.  &  G.  294,  a  ;  G.  438.  n.  ;  B.  337.  7.  a. 

2  H.  403,  I  ;  M.  176,  2  ;  A.  &  G.  205,  d ;  G.  285,  1  ;  B.  265,  3. 


60  EUTROPl   BREVIARTl 

iiieros  senatores,  praetorios,  consulares  et  qui  magnorum 
iam  bellonini  victores  fuissentJ  ('aesar  in  aoio  sua  habuit 
peditum  ndii  Integra  xxx  milia,  eciuites  nillle. 

Baffle   of  Pharmlu.s.      Pompey  is  defeafed,  flees   fn   Eg>/pt, 

and  is  slain,  48  b.c. 
21     Xuniquani   adhuc   Konianae  copiae   in    finuni    ne(iue 

r,  niruoi-es  neque  luelioribus  (bicibus  convenerant,  totuni  terra- 
vuni  oi'beni  fa('ile  subacturae;-  si  contra  barbarus  ducerentur." 
Pugnatuni  tuni  est  ingentl  contentidne,  vietusque  ad  postre- 
niuni  Poni]»eins  et  castra  eius  dlrepta  sunt.  Ipse  fugatus 
Alexandviani  petiit,  ut  ii  rege  AegyptT,  cuT  tutor  a  senatu 

u)  datus  fuerat  propter  iuvenlleni  eius  aetateni,  acciperet  auxi- 
lia.  Qui  fortunani  niagis  quani  amleitiani  secutus  oeelcbt 
P()nii)eium,  caput  eius  et  anuhiui  Caesar!  misit.  Quo  cdn- 
s])ect6  Caesar  etiani  lacrimas  fudisse  dicitur,  tanti  viri  iu- 
tuens  caput  et  generl  quondam  suT. 


Caesar  defeats  Ptolemy. 
22  Mox  Caesar  Alexandrlani  venit.  TpsI  quoque  Ptole- 
niaeus  parare  vohiit  Insidias,  qua  causa  belluni  regl  inlatuni 
est.  Victus  in  XllO  periit  inventunHpie  est  eius  corpus  cum 
lorlca  aurea.  Caesar  Alexandria '  potltus  regnum  Cleopatrae 
dedit.  Ptolemael  sororl.  Rediens  inde  Caesar  Pharnacen. 
;o  Mithradfitis  :vragnl  fllium,  (pil  Pompei(3  in  auxilium  a])ud 
Thessaliam  fuerat,  rebellantem  in  Ponto  et  multas  popidl 
Roman!  prdvincias  occupantem  vicit  acie,  postea  ad  nun-tern 
coegit. 


LJBER   VI. 


ul 


i.> 


1  H.  :>0:i,  1  ,  M.  -583,  2  ;  A.  &  G.  820  ;  ii.  (uW.  2  ;  B.  28:',.  1. 

2  H.  r)40.  3  ;  M.  283  ;  A.  &  G.  203,  b.  3  ;  G.  (570.  4.  (1)  ;  R.  337.  4, 
^  IT.  509.  X.  3  :  M.  30(5  ;  A.  &  G.  307.  /;  G.  50(5,  2  ;  B.  302,  3,  a. 

^  n.  421.  I  ;  M.  253  :  A.  .^t  G.  240;  G.  407  ;  B.  218,  1. 


Battle  of  Thapsns,  46  B.C. 

23  hide  Roniani  regressus  tertio  se  consulem  fecit  cum 
M.  Aemilio  Lepido,  qui  ei  magister  equitum  dictatorl  ante 
annum '  fuerat.  Inde  in  Af ricam  ])rofectus  est,  ubi  Inf!nita 
nr)])ilitas  cum  IuIkI,  Mauretaniae  rege,  bellum  reparaverat. 
a  Duces  autem  Roman!  erant  1*.  C'ornelius  Scipio  ex  genere 
ant!(|uissim6  Sc!pionis  African!  (hie  etiam  soeer  I'umpei 
Magni  fuerat),  M.  Petreius,  Q.  Varus,  .M.  Porcius  CatO, 
L.  Cornelius  Faustus,  Sullae  dictatoris  filius.  Contra  lios 
commisso  proelio  post  multas  dimicationes  victor  fuit  Cae- 
i(»  sar.  Catd.  Seipid,  Petreius,  luba  ips!  se  occiderunt.  Fau- 
stus. Sullae  (piondam  dictatdris  filius.  Pomj)?!  gener.  a 
Caesare  interfeetus  est. 

Battle  of  MntaJa,  45  h.c 

24.  Post  annum  ^  Caesar  Rdmam  regressus  quarto  se  cdn- 
sulem  fecit  et  statim  ad  Hispanias  est  profectus,  ubi  Pompel 

1.'.  filii,  Cu.  JN)nq)eius  et  Sex.  Pomix'^us,  ingens  bellum  })raei)a- 
raverant.  .Multa  i)roelia  fuerunt.  ultiujum  apud-'Mundam 
civitatem,  in  quo  adcd  Caesar  ])aene  victus  est  ut  fugienti- 
bus  suis  se  voluerit  occidere,  ne  post  tantani  re!  mllitaris 
gldriam  in  potestatem  adulescentium   natus   annds  sex    et 

20  quIiKpiaginta  venlret.  l)("nique  revocatls  suis  vicit.  Ex 
Pompei  fllils  mjiior  occisus  est.  minor  fugit. 

Ca<\sar  Monarch,  45  n.v.     Caesar  Assassinctfpd,  44  u.c. 

26.  Inde  Caesar  bellls  civllibus  tdtd  orbe  compositis  Rd- 
mam rediit.     Agere  insolentius'^  coepit  et  contra  cdnsuetu- 

1  II.  430  ;  M.  258,  1  ;  A.  &  G.  250,  (/ ;  ii.  403.  n.  4,  (a)  ;  B.  357.  1. 

2  H.  433.  1  ;  M.  258.  1  ;  A.  &  G.  258,  r,  n.  1  :  G.  41«5.  4  :  B.  141. 
»  H.  444.  1  ;  M.  420  ;  A.  &  G.  03,  a  ;  G.  207.  2  ;  H.  240.  1. 


62 


EUTROPI    BREVIARTI 


LIBER   VII. 


63 


dinem  Komaiiae  llbertatis.  Cum  ergo  et  honores  ex  sua 
voluntate  praestaiet,  qui  a  populo  antea  deferebantur,  nee 
senatui  ad  se  venientl  adsurgeret  aliaque  regia  ac  paene 
tyraimica  faceret,  coniiiratum  est^  in  eum  a  sexaginta  vel 
5  aniplius  senatoribus  equitibusque  Ronianls.  PraecipuT  fue- 
runt  inter  coniuratos  duo  BrutI  ex  eo  genere  KiutT,  qui  pri- 
mus Kdmae  consul  fuerat  et  reges  expulerat,  et  i\  (Vassius  et 
Servllius  Casca.  Erg(3  Caesar,  eum  senatus  die  inter  ceteros 
venisset  ad  curiam,  tribus  et  viginti  vulneribus  confossus  est. 


i.ii,Ki.  >i:PTnius 

Fkom  the  Assassination   of  Caesak  to  the   Death  of 

THE    EmPEKOII    DoMITIAN,  44    B.C.-96    A.I). 


Civil  War  with  Jlirtius  and  Fansa,  A  1-43  b.c. 


10  1.  Anno  urbis  septingentesimo  fere  ac  nono  interfecto 
Caesare  civllia  bella  reparata  sunt.  Percussoribus-  enim 
Caesaris  senatus  favebat.  Antonius  consul  partium  Caesaris 
civllibus  bellis  opprimere  eos  conabatur.  Ergo  turbata  re 
pilblica  multa  Antonius  scelera  committens  a  senatfi  hostis 

15  iudicatus  est.  Missi  ad  eum  persequendum  duo  consules. 
Pn nsa  et  Hirtius,  et  Octavianus  adulescens  annos  x  et  viii 
natus,  Caesaris  nepos,  quem  ille  testamento  lieredem  reli- 
querat  et  nomen  suum  ferre  iusserat.  Hic  est,  qui  postea 
Augustus  est  dictus  et  rerum-'  potltus.     Qui  profecti  contra 

20  Antonium  tres  duces  vicerunt  eum.     Evenit  tamen  ut  vi- 

1  II.  801  ;  M.  145,  0  ;  A.  &  G.  14(5,  d  ;  G.  208,  2  ;  B.  187.  II,  b. 

2  H.  385,  I  ;  M.  205  ;  A.  &  G.  227  ;  G.  340  ;  B.  187,  III,  a. 

3  H.  410,  V.  3  ;  M.  231  ;  A.  &  G.  223,  a  ;  G.  407,  2,  (d)  ;  B.  212,  2. 


ctorgs  consules  ambo  morerentur.     Quare  tres  exercitiis  unl 
Caesari  Augusto  paruerunt. 

The  iSecond   Trinmcirate^  43  b.c. 

2.  Fugatus  Antonius  amisso  exercitfi  confugit  ad  Le}>irliim. 
qui  Caesari '  magister  ecjuitum  fiierat  et  tum  militum  copias 

.")  grandes  luibr'l)at,  a  quo  susceptus  est.  Mox  Lepidd  o]>eram 
dante  Caesar  pacem  cum  Antonio  fecit  et  quasi  vindicaturus 
patris  sul  mortem,  a  quo  per  testamentum  fuerat  adoptatus, 
Romam  cum  exercitfi  profectus  extorsit  ut  sibi  vicesimo 
anno  consulatus  daretur.  Scnatum  ])rdscrTpsit,  cum  Anto- 
10  nio  ac  Lepidd  rem  })ublicam  armis  tenOre  coepit.  Per  hds^ 
etiam  Cicero  orator  occisus  est  multnpie  alii  ndbiles. 

The  Battle  of  Philippi,  42  b.c. 

3.  Tnterea  Brutus  et  Cassius,  interfectdres  Caesaris.  in- 
gens  bellum  mdverunt.  Erant  enim  per  Macedonian!  et 
Orientem  mult!  exercitus,  quos  occui)averant.     Profecti  sunt 

15.  igitur  contra  eds  Caesar  Octavianus  Augustus  et  ]M.  Anto- 
nius; remanserat  enim  ad  defendendam  Italiam  Lepidus. 
Apud  Philippds,  Alacedoniae  urbem,  contra  eds  pfignavc- 
runt.  Primd  proelid  victi  sunt  Antonius  et  Caesar,  periit 
tamen  dux  ndbilitatis  Cassius,  secundd  Brutum  et  inflnltam 

20  nd])ilitatem,  (piae  cum  illis  bellum  gesserat,  victam  interfe- 
cerunt.  Ac  sic  inter  eds  divlsa  est  res  publica,  ut  Augustus 
Hispanias,  Gallias  et  Italiam  teneret,  Antdnius  Asiam. 
Pontum,  Orientem.  Sed  in  Italia  L.  Antdnius  consul  bel- 
lum civile  commdvit,  frater  eius,  qui  cum  Caesare  contra 

25  Brutum  et  Cassium  dimicaverat.  Is  apud  Perusiam,  Tus- 
ciae  civitatem,  victus  et  captus  est,  neque  occisus. 

1  H.  384,  II,  4,  N.  2  ;  M.  208  ;  A.  &  G.  235  ;  G.  350.  1  ;  B.  188,  1. 

2  II.  415,  1,  1,  N.  1  ;  M.  247,  3 ;  A.  &  G.  240,  b  ;  G.  401,  end  ;  B.  141. 


04 


EL'Jllol'I    liKHVlAlUI 


War  with  Sextns  Pompey. 

4.  Interim  a  Sex.  Pompeio,  Cn.  Pompel  MagnT  filio,  in- 
geiis  bellum  in  Sicilia  commotum  est,  his  qui  superfuerant 
ex  partibus  lirfitl  Cassilque  ad  eum  cOnfluentibus.  Bellatuni 
per  Caesareni  Augustuni  Octaviamini  et  ^\.  Antonium  ad- 

5  versus  Sex.  Pompeium  est.     l*ax  postreiuO  convenit. 

5.  Eo  tempore  :\r.  Agrippa  in  A(piltania  rem  pi'ospere 
gessit  et  L.  Ventidius  Bassiis  inrumpentes  in  Syriam  Persas 
tribus  proeliTs  vieit.  Pacorum,  regis  Orudis  flliiim.  inter- 
feeit  eo  ipso  die  quo  olim  Orodes,  Persarum  rex,  per  ducem 

10  Surenam  Crassuni  oceTderat.  Hic  primus  de  Parthls  ifistis- 
simum  triumplium  Rdmae  egit. 

6  Interim  Pompeius  paeem  rilpit  et  navali  ])rot4i6  victus 
t'ugiens  ad  Asiam  interfectus  est.  Antonius.  (piT  Asiam  v\ 
Orientem  tent'bat,  repudiata  sordre  (\aesaris  AugustI  Oetjl- 

1.5  vianl  rieopatram,  reglnam  Aegyptl,  dfixit  uxorem.  Contra 
Persas  etiam  ipse  pfignavit.  Primis  eos  proelils  vicit,  regre- 
diens  tamen  fame  et  pestilentia  laboravit  et,  cum  Instarent 
Parthi  fugienti,  ipse  pro  vieto  recessit. 

Ciril  M\ir  between  Angnst'fs  and  A)itoniHS.      The  Battle  of 

Actium,  31  li.c, 

7.  Hic  quoque  ingens  bellum  civile  commovit  cogente 
20  uxdre  Cleopatra,  regina  Aegyptl,  dum  cupiditate  m\diel)rT 
optat  etiam  in  urbe  regnare.  Victus  est  al)  Augusto  navali 
l)ugnri  clara  et  inlfistrl  aimd  Actium,  qui  locus  in  Kpiro  est, 
ex  qua  fugit  in  Aegyptum  et  desperatis  rebus,  cum  omnes  ^ 
ad  Augustuni  translrent,  ipse  se  interemit.  Cleopatra  sibi  '^ 
25  aspidem  admlsit  et  veneno  eius  exstincta  est.    Aegyptus  per 

1  II.  oil  ;  M.  355  ;  A.  &  G.  320  ;  G.  580  ;  B.  280,  2. 

2  H.  380  ;  M.  202,  1  ;  A.  &  G.  228  ;  G.  347  ;  B.  187,  III. 


IdBKK 


«    i  I  . 


65 


Octavianum  Augustuni  imperio  Kdmano  adiecta  est  praepo- 
situsque  el  C.  Cornelius  Gallus.  Hunc  i)rimum  Aegyptus 
Romanum  iudicem  habuit. 

Imperial  Government  Estahlishecf,  81  b.c. 

8.  Ita  liellls  totd  orbe  cdnfectis  Octavianus  Augustus  Rd- 
5  mam  rediit,  duodecimo  annd^  quani  consul  fiierat.  Ex  ed 
rem  pablicam  i)er  quadraginta  et  quattuor  ainids  sdlus  obti- 
nuit.  Ante  enim  duodecim  annis  cum  Antdnid  et  Lepidd 
tenuerat.  Ita  ab  initid  principatus  eius  usque  ad  finem 
(luinquagintji  et  sex  anni  fuerunt.     Obiit  autem  septuage- 

10  simd  sextd  annd  morte  communi  in  ojjpidd  Caiiqjaniae 
Atella.  Rdmae  in  campd  Martid  seijultus  est,  vir,  (jui  ndn 
immeritd  ex  maxima  parte  ded-  similis  est  putatus.  Xeque 
enim  facile  alius  ed"^  aut  in  bellls  felicior  fuit  aut  in  pace 
moderatior.      Quadraginta  et  quattuor  annis,  (juibus  sdlus 

1.5  gessit  inii>erium,  civilissime  vixit,  in  ciinctds  lil)eralissimus. 
in  amicds  fidissimus,  qiids  tantis  evexit  liondribus  ut  i)aeiie 
aequaret  fastlgid  sud. 

Extension  of  the  Empire. 

9.  Nulld  temi)ore  ante  eum  niagis  res  Rdmana  floruit. 
Nam  exceptis  civilibus  bellis,  in  (juibus  invictus  fuit.  Rdmand 

-'0  adiecit  imperid  Aegyptum,  Cantabriam,  J)alniatiam  saepe 
ante  victam,  sed  penitus  tunc  subactam,  Pannoniam,  Aqul- 
taniam,  Illyricum,  Raetiam.  A'indelicds  et  Salassds  in  Alpi- 
bus,  omnes  Poiiti  maritimas  civitates,  in  liis  iidbilissimas 
Bosporum  et  Panticapacum.     Vicit  autem   multis  proelils 

25  Dacds.     Gerinandrum  ingentes  cdjuas  cecldit,  ipsds  quoque 

1  U.  430  (last  example);  M.  24J> ;  A.  &  G.  2f;2.  n.  2  :  G.  oOS,  2  •  B  '^30 

2  H.  301  ;  M.  214  :  A.  &  G.  234  ;  G.  350  ;  B.  102.  1. 

3  H.  417  ;  M.  230.  1  ;  A.  &  G.  247  ;  G.  398  ;  B.  217.  1. 

HAZ.  ELTHOIMUS — ^5 


66 


KLIKOPI   BREVIARII 


trans  Albiiii  fluvium  suramovit,  qui  in  Barbarico  longe  ultra 
Rhenuni  est.  Hoc  tamen  belluni  per  Drusuni,  prlvlgnum 
suum,  administravit,  sicut  per  Tiberium,  prIvTgnuui  alterum, 
Pannonicuni,  .  .  .  quo  bello  xl  captlvoruni  nillia  ex  Ger- 
5  mania  transtulit  et  supra  ripam  Rhenl  in  Gallia  conloeavit. 
Arnieniani  a  Parthls  recepit.  Obsides,  ipiod  null!  antea, 
Fersae  e!  dederunt.  lleddiderunt  etiam  signa  Roniana, 
quae  Crasso  victo  adenierant. 

Death  of  Augustus,  14  a.d. 
10.  Scythae  et  Indl,  (piibus  antea  Ronianuruni  nonien  inco- 
10  gnituni  fuerat,  niunera  et  legatos  ad  eum  niiserunt.    (4alatia 
qnocpie  sub  hoc  provincia  facta  est,  cum  antea  regnum  fuis- 
set,  primusque  eani  M.  Lollius  pro  praetore  administravit. 
Tanto   autem  amore  ^  etiam   apud   barbar(3s   fuit  ut    reges 
populi  Komani  amid  in  lionorem  eius  conderent  civitates, 
15  quas  Caesareas  nominarent.     Mult!  autem  reges  ex  regnis 
suis  venerunt,  ut  el  obsequerentur,  et  habitu  Romano,  togati 
scilicet,  ad  vehiculum  vel  equum  ipsius  cucurrerunt.     Uo- 
riens  Dmis  appellatns.     Rem  publicam  beatissimam  Tiberio 
successor!  rellquit,  qui  privignus  el,  mox  gener,  postremo 
20  adoptione  fllius  fuerat. 

Tiberi'is  Emperor,  14-87  a.d. 
11  Sed  Tiberius  ingenti  socordia  imperium  gessit,  gravi 
erudelitate,  scelesta  avaritia,  turpi  libldine.  Nam  nusquam 
ipse  pugnavit.  bella  per  legatos  gessit  suos.  Quosdam  reges 
ad  se  per  blanditias  evocatds  numquam  remisit,  in  quibus 
25  Archelaum  Cappadocem,  cuius  etiam  regnum  in  provinciae 
formam    redegit   et   maximam  cTvitatem  appellarl   nomine 

1  H.  41U,  Tl ;  M.  246 ;  A.  &  G.  251  ;  G.  400 ;  B.  224,  1. 


LiiU'n  VII.  «t7 

suo  iussit,  quae  nunc  Caesarea  dicitur,  cum  ^lazaca  antea 
vocaretur.  Hic  tertio  et  vicesimo  imperii  anno,  aetatis  sep- 
tuagesimo  octavo,  ingenti  omnium  gaudio  mortuus  est  in 
Campania. 

Califjulu  Emperor.  87-41  a.d. 

5  12.  Successit  ei  C.  Caesar,  cogndmento  Caligula,  DrusI, 
privlgni  August!,  et  ipsius  Tiber!  nepos,  sceleratissimus  ac 
funestissimus  et  qui  etiam  Tiber!  d^decora  purgaverit.' 
Bellum  contra  (iermanos  suscepit  et  ingressus  Sueviam 
nihil  strenue  fecit.  Cum  adversum  eunctos  ingenti  avaritia, 
10  libidine,  erudelitate  saeviret,  interfectus  in  Palatio  est  anno 
aetatis  vicesimo  nono,  imperii  tertio,  men.se  decimd  dieque 
octavo. 

CkwdiuH  Emiteror,  41-r)4  a.d. 

13  Post  hunc  Claudius  fuit,  ])atruus  Caligulae,  Drusi, 
qui  apud  Mogontiacum  monumentum  habet,  filius,  cuius  et 

15  Caligula  nepds  erat.  Hic  medic  imperavit,  multa  gerens 
tranquille  at(}ue  moderate,  quaedam  crudeliter  et  insulse. 
Hritannis  intulit  bellum,  quain  nullus  Romanorum  post 
C.  Caesarem  attigerat,  efKpie  devicta  per  Cn.  Sentium  et 
A.    Plautium,  inlustres  ac  ndl)iles   virds,   triumphum  cele- 

20  brem  egit.  Quasdam  insulas  etiam  ultra  Hritannifis  in 
Oceand  positas  imperid  Rdmaiid  addidit,  quae  appellantur 
Orchades,  filid  autem  sud  Britannic!  ndmen  imposuit. 
Tam  civilis  autem  circa  qudsdam  amicds  exstitit,  ut  etiam 
Plautium,  ndbilem  virum,  qui  expeditidne  Britannica  multa 

25  egregie  fecerat,  triunqdiantem  ipse  prdsequeretur  et  cdn- 
scendent!  Capitdlium  laevus  incederet.  Is  vixit  annds  iv 
et  LX,  imperavit  xiv.  Post  mortem  cdnsecratus  est  Divus- 
que  apj^ellatus. 

1  H.  50S,  I  ;  M.  383,  2  ;  A.  &  G.  320  ;  G.  (i31,  2  ;  B.  283,  1. 


68 


KUTKOPI    HHF.VIARII 


Xero  Emperor,  54-68  a.d. 
14.    Successit  liuic  Xero,  Caligulae,  avunculo  siio,  siniilli- 
miis,  (lul  IvOiiiriiiiuii  iinperiiim  et  cleforiuavit  et  ininuit,  iiiusi- 
tatae  luxuriae  ^  suiiiptuiuiKiue,  et  qui  exeinplo  C.  Caligulae  in 
calidis  et  frigidis  lavaret  unguentls,  retibus  aiirels  piscare- 
5  tur,  quae  blattiius  funibus  extrahebat.     Infinitam  senatus 
partem  interfecit,  bonis- omnibus  liostis  fuit.     Ad  postre- 
111  uni  se  tanto  dedeedre  prostituit  ut  et  saltaret  et  cantaret 
in  scaena  citharoedieo  habitu  vel  tragicd     ParricTdia  multa 
couimTsit  fratre,   uxore,  sorore,   matre  interfectls.     Urbem 
10  Komam  incendit,  ut  spectaeulleius  imaginem  cerneret,  quali 
dlim  Troia  capta  arserat.     Tn  re  mllitarl  nihil  omnino  ausus 
l^ritanniam  paene   amisit.      Nam   duo   sub  eo  nobilissinia 
oppida  capta   illic  atque   eversa   sunt.     Armeniam    ravthl 
sustnlerunt    legidnesque    Romanas    sub    iugum    mlserunt. 
15  Duae  tamen  sub  eo  provinciae  factae  snnt,  Pontns  Polemo- 
niacus  concedente  rege   l*olemone  et   Alpes  Cottiae  ('ottio 
rege  defuneto. 

15     1'  r  liaec  Romano  orb!  exseerabilis  ab  omnibns  simnl 

destitatns  est  et  a  senatfi  hostis  iadicatus ;  cum  quaereretur 

20  ad  poenam,  quae  poena  erat  talis,  ut  nudus  per  pra)licum 

ductus  furca  capitT  eius   Inserta  virgis  usque   ad    mortem 

caederetur  atque  ita  praecipitaretur  a  saxo,  e  Palatio  fugit 

et  in  subnrbano  se  iTbertl  sui,  quod  inter  Salariam  et  No- 

mentanam  viam  ad  quartum  urbis  mlliarium  est,  interfecit. 

--,  is  aedificavit  Roinae  thermas,  quae  ante  Xeronianae  dictae 

nunc  Alexandrianae  appellantur.     Obiit  trlcesimo  et  alterd 

aetatis   anno,  imperil   quarto   deciino,   atque   in   ed   omnis 

August!  familia  consumpta  est. 

1  H.  39(3,  V  ;  M.  222  ;  A.  &  G.  215  ;  G.  mo  ;  B.  203,  1. 

2  H.  391  ;  M.  214  ;  A.  &  G.  234  ;  G.  359  ;  B.  192,  1. 


LIBER   VII. 


69 


i< 


Galba  Emperor,  OcS-OO  a.d. 

16.  Huic  Serv.  (ialba  successit,  antiquissimae  ndbilitatis 
senator,  cum  septuagesimum  et  tertium  annum  ageret  aeta- 
tis, ab  Hispanis  et  (tallTs  imi)eratdr  electus,  mox  ab  uni- 
versd  exercitu  iTbenter   acceptus.     Nam   privata   eius   vita 

')  Inslgnis  fuerat  mllitaribus  etclvilibus  rebus.  Saepe  consul, 
saepe  prd  cdnsule,  frequenter  dux  in  gravissimis  bellls. 
Urdus  breve  imperium  fuit  et  quod  bona  haberet  exdrdia, 
nisi  ad  severitatem  prdpensior  viderctur.'  Insidils  tamen 
Otlidnis  occisus  est  imperil  mense  septimd.     lugulatus  in 

10  ford  Rdmae  sepultusque  in  liortis  suis,  qui  sunt  Aurelia  via 
lion  longe  ab  urbe  Rdma. 

Othf)  Emperor,  iV.)  a.d. 

17.  <  )tli(i  occlsd  Galba  invasit  imi)erium,  mfiternd  genere- 
ndbilior  quam  paternd,  neutrd  tamen  obscurd.  In  privata 
vita  mollis  et  Xerdnl  familiaris,  in   imperid  documentum 

15  sul  ndn  potuit  ostendere.  Xam  cum  Isdem  temporibus, 
quibus  Otho  Galbam  occlderat,  etiam  A'itellius  f actus  esset 
a  (Termanicianis  exercitibus  imperatdr.  l)elld  contra  euni 
susceptd  cum  apud  Jiedriacum  in  Italia  lev!  proelid  victus 
esset,  ingentes  tamen  cdpias  ad  bellum  haberet,  sponte  se- 

L»o  met'^  occldit.  Petentibus  mllitibus  nt"  tam  cito  de  belli  de- 
sperilret  eventu,  cum  tantl"*  se  ndn  esse  dixisset  ut  propter 
eum  bellum  civile  moveretur,  voluntaria  morte  obiit  trlce- 
simd  et  octavd  aetatis  anno,  ndnagesimd  et  quintd  imperii 
die.  , 

1  II.  510,  11  ;  .M.  3(»0  ;  A.  &  (;.  308  ;  G.  597  ;  B.  304,  1. 
•^  II.  424  ;  M.  238,  1  ;  A.  &  G.  253  ;  G.  397  ;  B.  22(). 
■i  II.  184,  3  ;  M.  77,  2  ;  A.  &  G.  99,/;  G.  102,  n.  2  :  B.  0,  3. 
♦  II.  404  ;  M.  224  ;  A.  &  G.  252,  a  ;  G.  379 ;  B.  203,  3. 


70 


EUTROPI    BRKVIARll 


'1^ 


Vitellhfs  Emperor,  ()0  a.d. 

18     Dein  Vitelliiis  iinperio'  potitus  est,  faiuiliri  honoratfi 

iiiagis  quaiii  uobili.     Nam   pater  eius   uOii  adiiHMluiii  claiv 

natus  tres  tameii  ordiiiarios  gesserat  consulatfis.     llTc  cum 

multo  dedecore  imperavit  et  gravl  saevitia  iiotabilis,  prae- 

5  cipiie  ingliivie  et  voracitate,  (pii[)iH'  eum  de  die  saepe  (piarto 
vel  quiiito  feratur-  epidatiis.  Xotissima  certe  eeiia  luemo 
riae  mandata  est,  cpiam  ei  Yitellius  frater  exliibuit,  in  (pui 
super  ceteros  sfimptus  duo  milia  piseium,  sei)tem  avium 
apposita  traduntur.     Hic   eum   Neronl   similis   esse  vellet 

10  atque  id  adeO  prae  se  ferret,  ut  etiam  exse(piias  Neronis, 
quae  humiliter  sepultae  fueraut,  honoraret,  a  Vespasian! 
dueibus  occTsus  est  interfecto  prius  in  urbe  SabTno,  Ve- 
spasian! imperatoris  fratre,  (piem  cum  Capitolid  incendit. 
Interfectus  autem  est  milgno  dedecore:  tractus  per  urbem 

1.-  Romam  pul)lice,  nildus,  erectd  conui  capite  et  subiecto  ad 
nientum  gladio,  stercore  in  vultum  et  pectus  ab  omnibus 
obvi!s  appetitus,  postrenul  iugulatus  et  in  Til)erim  deiectus 
etiam  communi  caruit  sepultura.  Teriit  autem  aetatis  anno 
septimo  et  qmnquagesimo,  imperi!  mense  octavo  et  die  uno. 

Vespaskm   Emperor,  ()l)-7*.)  a.d. 

20  19.  Vespasianus  liuic  successit,  factus  apud  Palaest!nam 
imperatdr,  ]tr!nceps  obscure  quidem  natus,  sed  optim!s  com- 
parandus,  privata  v!ta  inliistris,  ut  qu!  a  Claudio  in  Ger- 
maniam  et  deinde  in  l^ritanniam  missus  tr!cies  et  bis  cum 
hoste  conll!xerit,  duas  vali<lissinias  gentes,  v!gint!  oppida, 

25  insulam  Vectam,  Britanniae  proximam,  imperio  Romano 
adiecerit.     Romae  se  in  imperio  moderatissime  gessit.     Pe- 

1  H.  4i1.  I  ;  M.  lio;;  ;  A.  &  G.  249  ;  G.  407  ;  B.  218,  1. 

2  11.  517.:;.  1)  :  M.  382,  2,  x.  ;  A.  &G.  326,  x.  1  ;  (i.  498,  x.  8  ;  B.  286,  2. 


LIBER 


71 


ciiniae  tantum  avidior  fuit,  ita  tamen,  ut  earn  null!  ^  iniuste 

auferret.    Quam  cum  omni  d!ligentiae  provisione  conligeret, 

tamen    studiosissime   largiebatur,    praecipue    indigentibus. 

Xec  facile  ante  eum  cuiusquam  pr!ncipis  vel  mfiior  est 

5  l!beralitas  comperta,  vel  iustior.  l*lacidissimae  lenitatis, 
ut  qu!  nuliestatis  ijuoque  contra  se  reos  non  facile  piunret 
ultra  exsilii  poenam.  Sub  hoc  ludaea  Romano  accessit 
imperio  et  Hierosolyma,  quae  fuit  urbs  nobilissima  Palae- 
stlnae.     Acliaeam,   Lyciam,    Hliodum,  l^yzantium,   Samum, 

10  (^uae  liberae  ante  id  tempus  fuerant,  item  Tliraciam,  Cili- 
ciam,  Commagenen,  quae  sub  regibus  am!c!s  egerant,  in 
provinciarum  formam  redegit. 

20.    Offensarum^  et  ininncitiarum  immemor  fuit,  conv!cia 
a  causidic!s  et  philosoplns  in  se  dicta  leniter  tulit,  d!ligens 

\:>  tamen  coercitor  discipl!nae  m!litaris.  Il!c  cum  f!lio  Tito 
de  Hierosolym!s  trium])havit.  Per  haec  cum  senatui,  po- 
pulo,  postremo  cunct!s  anulbilis  ac  iucundus  esset,  prdtiuvio 
ventris  exstinctus  est  in  villa  proi)ria  circca  Sablnos,  annum 
agens  aetatis  sexagesimum  nonum,  im})eri!  nonum  et  diem 

20  septimum,  atque  inter  Divos  relatus  est.  Genituram  f!lid- 
rum  ita  cognitam  luibuit,  ut,  cum  multae  contra  eum  con- 
ifiratidnes  fierent,  quas  patefactas  ingent!  dissimulatione 
contempsit,  in  senatu  dixerit  aut  filios  sibi  successuros,  aut 
neminem. 

TifNs  Emperor,  70^1  a.d. 

25  2 1  Huic  Titus  fllius  successit,  qu!  et  ipse  Vespasianus  est 
dictus,  vir  omnium  virtutum  genere  mirrd)ilis  adeo  ut  amor 
et  deliciae  Iniman!  generis  diceretur,  facundissimus.  belli- 
cdsissinuis,  moderatissimus.      Causas  Lat!ne  egit,  poemata 

1  II.  :58:».  II.  2  ;  M.  211  ;  A.  &  G.  229  ;  (J.  347,  5  ;  B.  188,  2,  d. 

2  H.  399  ;  M.  226,  1  ;  A.  &  G.  218  ;  G.  374  ;  B.  204,  1. 


72 


KLTllOl'I    BUKVIARII 


t4 


et  tragoedias  Graece  composuit.  In  oppiiguatioiie  Hieru- 
solymoruiu  sub  patre  lullitans  cliiodecini  propugnatores  duo- 
decim  sagittfirum  coiifTxit  ictibiis.  Ruinae  taiitae  civilitatis 
ill  iiiiperio  fuit  iit  nrdliuu  omiimo  pQiiIerit,  convlctos  adver- 

o  sum  se  coniuratioiiis  diiuiserit  vel  in  eadem  faniiliaritate 
qua  antea  habuerit.  Facilitatis  et  liberalitiltis  taiitae  fuit 
ut,  cum  niiUi  quicquam  uegaret  et  ab  amlcis  repreliendere- 
tur,  responderit  ufdlum  trTstem  debere  ab  impeiatore  dis- 
eedere,  praeterea  cum  quadam  die  in  cena  recordatus  fuisset 

10  nihil  se  illo  die  cuiquam  praestitisse,  dixerit :  '  Amlci,  liodie 
diem  perdidi.'  Hic  Koniae  amphitheatrum  aediticavit  et 
quinque  milia  feraruni  in  dr-dieatiune  eins  occldit. 

22.    Per  haec  inusitato  favore  dllectus  morb(3  periit  in  eii, 
qua  pater,  villa  post  biennium  et  menses  octo,  dies  vlgintl, 

15  quam  imperator  erat  factus,  aetatis  anno  alterd  et  quadra- 
gesimo.  Tantus  luctus  eo  mortuo  pfiblieus  fuit  ut  omnes 
tamquam  in  ])ropria  doluerint  orbitate.  Senatus  obitu  ipsius 
circa  vesperam  nuntiato  iiocte  inrupit  in  curiam  et  tantfis  ei 
mortuo  laudes  gratiasque  congessit,  quantas  nee  vivo  uni- 

20  quam  egerat  nee  praesenti.     Inter  Divos  rehitus  est. 

iJomitian  Emperor,  81-96  a.jj. 

23  Domitianus  mox  acoepit  imperium,  frater  i])sTus 
iunior,  Xeronl  aut  (^aligulae  ant  Tiberio  similior  quam  patrT 
vel  fratrl  suo.  PriniTs  tamen  annis  moderatus  in  imperio  fuit, 
mox  ad  ingentia  vitia  progressus  libldinis,  Tracundiae,  cru- 
2.')  delitatis,  avaritiae,  tantum  in  se  odii  ^  concitavit  ut  merita 
et  patris  et  fratris  aboleret.  Interfecit  nobilissimos  P 
senatu.  Dominum  se  et  deum  })rlmus  appellari  iussit. 
Nfillam  sibi  nisi  auream  et  argenteam  statuam  in  Capitolio 

1  H.  31>7,  3  ;  M.  225.  2  ;  A.  1  G,  21(),  «,  3  ;  (i.  3()1)  ;  B.  201.  2. 


LIBER    VIII. 


78 


i 


passus  est  ponT.  ('onsobrinos  suos  interfecit.  Superbia 
qnoque  in  eo  exsecrabilis  fuit.  Expeditiones  quattuor  ha- 
buit,  unam  adversum  Sarmatas.  alteram  adversum  Cattos, 
duas  adversum  Dacos.     1)("  DilcTs  Cattisque  duplicem  trium- 

5  phum  egit,  de  Sarmatls  solam  lauream  usurpavit.  Multas 
tamen  calamitates  isdem  bellTs  i)assus  est;  nam  in  Sarmatia 
legio  eins  cum  duce  interfecta  est  et  a  Dacis  Oppius  Sal)i- 
nus  consularis  et  Cornelius  Fuscus,  praefectus  praetorid,- 
cum  magnis  exercitibus  occlsl  sunt.     Komae  qnoque  multa 

10  opera  fecit,  in  liis  Capitolium  et  Forum  Transitorium,  Divo- 
rum  Porticus,  TsTum  ac  Seraplum  et  Stadium.  Verum  cum 
ob  scelera  universTs  exosus  esse  coepisset,  interfectus  est 
sudrum  coniuratione  in  Palatio.  anno  aetStis  quadragesimo 
quTntd,   imperil  quTiitd  decimd.      Funus    eins   cum    ingentl 

15  dedecdre  per  vespilldnes  exportatum  et  igndbiliter  est  se- 
pultum. 


LIRER    OCTAVT^S 

From  the  Accession  of  Xkrva  to  the  Death  of 
Alexandek  Sevekus,  90-235  a.d. 


Xerva  Emperor,  9(1-98  a.d. 

1.  Anno  octingentesimd  et  quTnquagesimd  ab  urbe  condita 
Vetere  et  Valente  cdnsulibus  res  ])riblica  ad  prdsperriinum 
statum  rediit  ])onTs  prrnci|)ibus  ingentl  felicitate  commissa. 
20  Domitiand  enim,  exitiabili  tyrannd,  Nerva  smit'ssit,  vir  in 
privata  vita  moderatus  et  strenuus,  ndbilitatis  mediae.  Qui 
senex  admodum  operam  dante  Petrdnid  Secundd,  ])raefectd 
praetdrid,  item  Partlienid,  interfectdre  Domitianl.  imperatdr 
est  factus;  aequissimum  se  et  civilissimum  praebuit.     Rel^ 

1  H,  385,  1  ;  M.  204  ;  A.  &  G.  227,  c  ;  G.  340.  k.  2.  n.  2  ;  B.  187.  TIT. 


1    t 


EUTKOri    BKKVIAKII 


^  I 


publicae  divina  provlsione  consuluit  Traianum  adoptando 
Mortuus  est  Roniae  post  annum  et  quattuor  menses  imperil 
sill  ac  dies  octo,  aetatis  septuagesimo  et  altero  anno,  atqiie 
inter  Divos  relatns  est. 

Trajan  Emperor,  98-117  a.d. 

5  2.  Successit  ei  Ulpins  Ciinltns  Traianus,  natus  Italicae  in 
Hispania,  I'amilia-  antlqua  magis  quam  clara.  Nam  pater 
eius  primum  consul  fuit.  Imperator  autem  apud  Agrippl- 
nam  in  Gallils  factus  est.  Rem  publieam  ita  administravit 
ut    omnibus    principibus    merito     praeferatur,     inusitatae 

10  cTvTlitatis  et  fortitudinis.  RomanI  imperil,  quod  post  Au- 
gustum  defensum  magis  fuerat  quam  ndl)iliter  ampliatum, 
fines  longe  lateque  diftudit.  Urbes  trans  Rhenum  in  Ger- 
mania  reparavit.  Daciani  Decibalo  vieto  subegit  provincia 
trans  Danubium  facta  in  liTs  agrls  quos  nunc  Taifall,  Victo- 

15  all  et  I'ervingi  habeiit.  Ea  provincia  decies  centena  milia 
passuiim  in  circuitfi  tenuit. 

3.  Armeniam,  quam  occupaverant  PartliT,  recepit  Partho- 
masirl  occiso,  qui  eam  tenebat.  Albanis  regem  dedit. 
Hiberorum    regem  et   Sanromatarum    et   Bosporanornm    et 

20  Arabum  et  Osdroenorum  et  Colcliorum  in  lidem  accepit. 
Carduends,  Marcomedos  occupavit  et  Anthemfisiam,  ma- 
gnam  Rersidis  regionem,  Selenciam,  Ctesiphontem,  Baby- 
lonem ;  Messenids  vicit  ac  tenuit.  Usque  ad  Indiae  fines 
et   mare  Rnbriim    accessit  atqne   ibi    tres  prdvincias  fecit, 

25  Armeniam,  Assyrian!,  Mesopotamiam,  cum  his  gentibus 
quae  >radenam  attingunt.  Arabiam  postea  in  provinciae 
fdrmam  redegit.  In  marl  Rnbro  classem  Instituit,  ut  per 
eam  Indiae  fines  viistaret. 

1  II,  .-4_>.  TV  :  M.  202  ;  A.  &  G.  801  ;  G.  4.31  ;  B.  388,  4,  a. 

2  IL   II  ■.  :    M,  :':U  :   A.  &  G.  244;  G.  81>o  ;  B.  215. 


LIBHK    \ill. 


<0 


4.  Gloriam  tamen  mllitareni  civllitate  et  moderatidne  su]>e- 
ravit,  Rdmae  et  per  prdvincias  aeqnalem  se  omnibus  exlii- 
bens,  amicds  salutandl  ^  causa  frequentans  vel  aegrdtantes 
vel  cum  festds  dies  liabuissent.  convlvia  cum  Isdem  indi- 
5  screta  vicissiin  liabens,  saepe  in  vehiculis  edrum  sedens,  nul- 
lum senatdrum  laedens,  nihil  iniustum  ad  augendum  hscum 
agens,  llberalis  in  ciinctds,  pfiblice  privatimque  ditans  omnes 
et  hondribus  augens,  qnds  vel  medidcri  familiaritate  cognd- 
visset,  per  orbem  terrarum  aedificans  multa,  immnnitates 

10  clvitatibus  tribuens,  nihil  ndn  tranquilliim  et  i>lacidum 
agens,  aded  ut  omnT  eius  aetate  iinus  senator  damnatus  sit 
atque  is  tamen  per  senatum  igndrante  Trfiiand.  Ob  haec 
})er  orbem  terrarum  ded  proximus  nihil  ndn  veneratidnis 
meruit  et  vivus  et  mortuus. 

15  5.  Inter  alia  dicta  hoc  ipslus  fertnr  egregium.  Amicis 
enim  culpantibus,  quod  nimium  circa  omnes  communis  esset,^ 
respondit  talem  se  imperatdrem  esse  prlvatis,  quales  esse 
sibi  imperatdres  priviitus  optasset.  Post  ingentem  igitur 
gloriam  belli   domlque   quaesitam  e  Perside  rediens  apnd 

20  Selenciam  Isanriae  prdfluvid  ventris  exstinctus  est.  ()l)iit 
autem  aetatis  aiind  sexagesimd  tertid,  mense  ndnd,  die 
quarto,  imperil  ndnd  decimd.  mense  sextd,  die  (julntd  de- 
cimd.  Inter  Divds  relatns  est  sdlusque  omnium  intra  urbem 
sepultus  est.     Ossa  conlata  in  urnam  auream  in  ford,  rpiod 

25  aedificavit,  sub  colunnia  posita  sunt,  cuius  altitudd  cxliv 
pedes  habet.  Huius  tantum  memoriae  delatum  est  ut 
usque  ad  nostram  aetatem  ndn  aliter  in  senatfi  prlncii)ibus 
acclametur,  nisi  ^  Felicidr  Augustd,'*'  melidr  Traiand.'  Aded 
in   ed  gldria  bonitatis   obtinuit,  ut   vel   adsentantibus   vel 


1  H.  542.  I  ;  M.  289  ;  A.  &  G.  208  ;  G.  428  ;  B.  8.38,  1,  c. 

2  H.  510,  II  ;  M.  357  ;  A.  &  G.  821  ;  G.  541  ;  B.  286,  1. 

3  H.  417  ;  M.  2.30.  1  ;  A.  «&  G.  247  ;  G.  308  ;  B.  217,  1. 


76  EUTROFT   BREVIARII 

vere    laudantibus    occasiouem    inagnificentissinii    praestet 
exempli. 

Hadrian  Emperor,  117-138  a.d. 

6  Deffinctcj  TnTifiuo  Aelius  Hadrianus  creatus  est  prlii- 
ceps,  sine  aliqiiii  quideiu  voluiitate  Traiaiil,  sed  operam  dante 

5  Plotina,  Traiani  uxore ;  nam  eum  Traianus,  quamquam 
fonsobrlnae  suae  f Ilium,  vivus  noluerat  adoptare.  Xatus 
et  ipse  Italieae  in  Hispania.  Qui  Traiani  gloriae  invidens 
statim  provincias  tres  rellquit,  quas  Traianus  addiderat,  et 
de  Assyria,  Mesopotamia,  xVrmenia  revocavit  exereitus   ac 

10  finem  imperii  esse  voluit  Eupliraten.  Idem  de  Daciafacere 
conatum  amlel  deterruerunt,  ne  iimlti  elves  Romiinl  barbarls 
traderentur,  propterea  quia  Traianus  victa  Dacia  ex  toto 
orbe  Romano  Inflnltas  eo  eopias  hominum  transtulerat  ad 
agros  et  urbes  colendas.     Dacia  enim  diuturno  bello  Deci- 

ir)  ball  virls  fuerat  exhausta. 

7.  Pacem  tamen  omiil  imperil  sul  tempore  habuit,  semel 
tantum  i)er  praesidem  dimicavit.  Orbem  ROmanum  cir- 
cumiit;  multa  aedificavit.  Faeundissimus  Latino  sermone, 
(xraeco  erudltissimus  fuit.    Non  magnam  clementiae  gloriam 

20  habuit,  diligentissimus  tamen  circa  aerarium  et  militum  di- 
scipllnam.  Obiit  in  Campania  maior  sexagenario,  imperii 
anno  vlcesimo  primo,  mense  decimo,  die  vicesimo  nono. 
Senatus  ei  tribuere  noluit  divlnos  honores,  tamen  cum  suc- 
cessor ipslus  T.  Aurelius  Antoninus  Fulvius  hoc  vehementer 

2.">  exigeret,  etsi  universi  senatores  palam  resisterent,  tandem 
obtinuit. 

Antouinns  Ph(,s  Emperor,  138-161  a.d. 

8.  Ersro  Hadriano  successit  T.  Antoninus  Fulvius  Roionius, 
Idem  etiam  Pius  nominatus,  genere  claro,  sed  non  admodum 


LlliKK    \lll. 


77 


vetere,  vir  inslgnis  et  qui  merito  Numae  Pompilio  confera- 
tur,^  ita  ut  Romulo  Traianus  aequetur.  Vixit  ingenti  hone- 
state  prlvatus,  maiore  in  imperio,  nfilll  acerbus,  cunctis 
benlgnus,  in  re  mllitarl  moderata  gloria,  deiendere  magis 

5  provincias  (iuam  amplificare  studens,  viros  ae(pussimos  ad 
administrandam  rem  pilblicam  quaerens,  bonis  honorem 
habens,  improb(3s  sine  aliqua  acerbitate  detestans,  regibus 
amicis  venerabilis  non  minus  quam  terribilis,  aden  ut  bar- 
barorum  pliirimae  nationcs  depositis  armis  ad  eum  contro- 

10  versias  suas  lltescpie  deferrent  sententiaeque  parcrent.  Hic 
ante  imperium  ditissimus  opes  quidein  omnes  suas  stq)en- 
dils  militum  et  circa  amicos  llberfdltatibus  mi  unit,  verum 
aerarium  opulentum  leliquit.  Pius  propter  cleinentiam 
dictus  est.     Obiit  apud   Lorium.  vlllam   suam,  mlliario  ab 

15  urbe  duodecimo,  vltae  anno  septuagesimo  tertid,  imperil 
vlcesimo  tertio,  atque  inter  Divos  relatus  est  et  merito 
consecratus. 

Marcus  Aurelius  and  Lucius  Verus  Emperors,  161-169  a.d. 

9.    i  'ost  hunc  imperavit  M.  Antoninus  Verus,  hand  dubie 
nobilissimus,  quippe  cum  eius  orlgo  paterna  aNuma  Pompi- 

20  lio,  materna  a  Sallentino  rege  penderet,  et  cum  eo  L.  Annius 
Antoninus  Verus.  Tumque  primum  R  dm  ana  res  publica 
dudbus  aequd  iure  imperium  administrantibus  paruit,  cum 
usque  ad  eds  singulds  semper  habuisset  Augustds.  Hi  et 
genere  inter  se  coniuncti  fuerunt  et  adflnitate.     Xam  Verus 

25  Annius  Antdnlnus  iM.  Antdnlnl  flliam  in  matrimdnium  ha- 
buit, U.  autem  Antdnlnus  gener  Antdnlnl  Pii  fuit  per  uxd- 
rem  Gal6riam  Faustmam  ifinidrem.  cdnsdbrmam  suam. 
10    Hi  bellum  contra  Parthds  gesserunt,  qui  post  victdriam 

1  H.  503.  I  ;  M.  383.  1  ;  A.  &  G.  320 ;  G.  <{31.  1  ;  B.  283,  1. 


'8 


EUXnniM    l.UEVIARII 


LIBER    Vill. 


'O 


Traiani  turn  primum  rebellaverant.  Verus  Antoninus  ad  id 
proiectus  est.  Qui  Antioehlae  et  circa  Armeniani  agens  multa 
})er  duces  suos  et  ingentia  patravit.  Seleuclam,  Assyriae 
urbcHi  ndbilissimam,  cum  quadringentis  mllibus  hominuni 

5  ce[)it ;  Partliicuni  triuni})huni  revexit.  Cum  fratre  eodem- 
que*  socero  triumphavit.  Obiit  tamen  in  Venetia,  cum  a 
Concordia  civitate  Altlnum  proficlsceretur  et  cum  fratre 
in  vehiculo  sederet,  subito  sanguine  ictus,  casii  morbl  quem 
Graecl  apoplexin  vocant.     Vir  ingenil  parum  civllis,  reve- 

10  rentia  tamen  fratris  nihil  umcpuim  atrox  ausus.  (kim  obisset 
undecimo  imperil  anno,  inter  deos  relatus  est. 

3fa}rns  AvreUtis  reigns  alone,  169-180  a.d. 

11.  Tost  eum  M.  Antoninus  solus  rem  publicam  tenuit,  vir 
quem  mirarl  facilius  quis  quam  laudare  possit.  A  principio 
vltae  tranquillissimus,  adeo  ut  ex  Infantia  quoque  vultum 

1."'  uec  ex  gaudio  nee  ex  maerore  mutaverit.  Philosophiae  de- 
(litus  Stoicae,  ipse  etiam  non  solum  vltae  moribus,  sed  etiam 
eruditione  pliilosoplius.  Tantae  admirationis  adhtic  iuve- 
nis  ut  eum  successorem  paraverit  Hadrianus  relinquere, 
adoptatd  tamen  Antonino  Pio  generum  el  idcirco  esse  vo- 

20  hierit.  ut  hoc  drdine  ad  imperium  pervenlret. 

12.  iustitutus  est  ad  philosophiam  per  Apollonium  -  Chal- 
cedonium,  ad  scientiam  litterarum  Graecarum  per  Sextum 
Chaer(")nensem,  IMutarchl  nepotem,  Latlnas  autem  eum  lit- 
teras  Fronto,  orator  nobilissimus,  docuit.     Hic  cum  omnibus 

1*5  Ronnie  aequo  iure  egit,  ad  niillam  Insolentiam  elatus  est 
imperil  fastlgio ;  llberiilitatis  promptissimae.  Provincias  in- 
gentl  benlgnitate  et  moderatione  tractavit.     Contra  Germa- 

li    451.  3  ;  M.  446  ;  A.  &.  G.  195,  e  ;  G.  810  ;  B.  248,  1. 
ii     1!       I    N.  1  :   M.  247,  3;  A.  &  G.  24(5,  b;  G.  401  ;  B.  14! 


nos  eo  prIncipe  res  fellciter  gestae  sunt.  Bellum  ipse  uninii 
gessit  Marcomannicum,  sed  quantum  nulla  memoria  fuit, 
adeo  ut  Punicis  conferatur.  Nam  eo^  gravius  est  factum, 
quod  universi  exercitus  RdmanI  perierant.  Sub  hoc  enim 
5  tantus  casus  pestilentiae  fuit  ut  post  victoriam  Persicam 
Romae  ac  per  Italiam  provinciasque  maxima  hominum  pars, 
mllitum  onmes  fere  copiae  languore  defecerint. 

1 3  Ingentl  ergo  labore  et  moderatione,  cum  apud  Carnun- 
tum  iugl  triennid  perseverasset,  bellum  :Marcomannicum  cdn- 

10  fecit,  quod  cum  his  QuadI,  Vandall,  Sarnnitae,  SuevI  atque 
omnis  barbaria  commoverat,  multa  hominum  milia  inter- 
fecit,  ac  Pannonils  servitid  lll)eratls  Rdmae  rfirsus  cum 
Commodd  Antdnind,  filid  sud,  quem  iam  Caesarem  fecerat, 
triumphavit.     Ad   huius   belli    sumptum   cum    aenirid   ex- 

15  haustd  largltidnes  nillhls  haberet  neque  indicere  prdvinciali- 
bus  aut  senatui  aliquid  vellet,  Instrumentum  regil  cultus 
facta  in  ford  Divl  Traiani  sectidne  distraxit,  vasa  aurea, 
pdcula  crystallina  et  murrina,  uxdriam  ac  suam  sericam  et 
aureani  vestem,  multa  drnamenta  gemmarum.     Ac  per  duds 

20  continuds  menses  ea  venditid  habita  est  multumque  aurl 
redactum.  Post  victdriam  tamen  emptdribus  pretia  resti- 
tuit,  qui  reddere  comparata  voluerunt ;  molestus  nulll  fuit 
qui  maluit  semel  empta  retinere. 

14  Hic  permisit  virls  claridi'ibus  ut  convlvia  eddem  cultu 
25  quo   ipse    et   ministrls    similibus    exhiberent.     In    editidne 

munerum  post  victdriam  aded  magniticus  fuit  ut  centum 
simul  lednes  exhibuisse  tradatur.  Cuui  igitur  fortunatam 
rem  pilblicam  et  virtute  et  mansuetudine  reddidisset,  obiit 
xviii  imperil  annd,  vltae  lxi,  et  omnibus  certatim  adniten- 
30  tibus  inter  Divds  relatus  est. 

1  H.  423  :   M.  248  ;  A.  &  G.  250  ;  G.  403  ;  B.  223. 


80 


EUTMOri    iiUKVIARII 


LIHKH    VIII. 


81 


3 


Commodus  Emperor,  180-19iS  a.d. 

15  Huius  successor  L.  Antoninus  Commodus  nihil  pa- 
ternum  liabuit,  nisi  quod  contra  Gernianos  fellciter  et  ipse 
pugnavit.  Septein])rem  mensem  ad  nomen  suuni  transferre 
conatus  est,  ut  Commodus  diceretur.     Sed  luxuria  et  obsce- 

5  nitate  depravatus  .^dadiatorils  arniTs  saepissime  in  Ifido, 
deinceps  etiam  in  ampliitlieatro  cum  liuiusmodT  hominibus 
dlmicavit.  0])iit  niorte  subita  atque  adeo  ut  strangulatus 
vel  veneno  interfectus  putaretur,  cum  annis  xii  post  patreni 
et  AMI  mensibus  imperiisset,  tanta  exsecratione  omnium  ut 
10  hostis  liumani  generis  etiam  mortuus  iudicaretur. 

Pertinax  Emperor,  193  a.j>. 

16  lluic  successit  Pertinax,  grandaevus  iam  et  qui  sep- 
tuagenarian! attigisset  aetatem,  praefecturam  urbl  tum  agens, 
ex  senatiis  consultd  imperare  iussus.  Octogesimo  die  im- 
perii praetorianorum   militum  seditione  et  TfdianI  scelere 

!•'>  occlsus  est. 

IT  Tost  eum  Salvius  Iidianus  rem  publicam  invasit,  vir 
nobilis  et  iure  perltissimus,  nepos  Salvl  Ifdianl,  qui  sub 
Divo  Hadriano  perpetuum  composuit  edictum.  Victus  est 
fi   Severo   apud   ^Fulvium   pontem,  interfectus  in   Palatio. 

20  Vixit  mensibus  septem  postquam  coeperat  imperare. 

Septimius  Severn s  Emperor.  193-211  a.d. 

18     I  line   imperii   Romani   administrationem    Septimius 

Severus  accepit,  oriundus  ex  Africa  provincia  Tripolitana, 

oppido  Leptl.     Solus  omul  memoriii'  et  ante  et  postea  ex 

Africa  imperator  fuit.     Hic  primum  fisci  advocatus,  mox 

25  mllitaris  tribunus,  per  multa  deinde  et  varia  oflRcia  atque 

^  IS     l-.f ,   M.  243,  2  ;  A.  «S^  G.  250  ;  G.  393  ;  B.  231. 


honores  usque  ad  administrationem  totlus  rel  publicae  venit. 
Pertinaceni  se  appellarl  voluit  in  honorem  eius  Pertinacis, 
(pil  a  Iiiliano  fuerat  occlsus.     Parens  admodum  fuit,  natura 
saevus.     Pella  multa  et   fellciter  gessit.     Pescenniuni   Ni- 
5  grum,  qui  in  Aegypto  et  Syria  rebellaverat,  apud  Cyzicum 
interfecit.     I'artlios  vicit  et  Arabas  interiores  et  Adiabenos. 
Arabas  eo  uscpie  superavit  ut  etiam  provinciam  ibi  faceret. 
Idcirco  Partbicus,  Arabicus,  Adiabenicus  dictus  est.     Multa 
toto  orbe  Komano  reparavit.     Sub  eo  etiam  Clodius  Albinus, 
10  qui  in  occidend(3  Pertinace  socius  fuerat  Ifiliano,'  Caesarem 
se  in  Gallia  fecit,  victusque  apud  Lugdanum  est  interfectus. 
19.   Severus  tamen  i)raeter  bellicam  gloriam  etiam  civllibus 
studils  clarus  fuit  et  litteris  doctus,  jdiilosopliiae  scientiam 
ad   plenum    adeptus.      Novissiinum    bellum    in    Britannia 
15  habuit,  utque  receptils  provincias  omnI  securitate  munlret, 
vallum  per  cxxxii  passuum  milia  a  marl  ad  mare  deduxit. 
Decessit    EboracI    admodum    senex,    imperii    anno    sexto 
decimo,  mense  tertio.     Divus  appellatus  est.     Nam   fllios 
duos   successores   relnpiit,  Bassianum   et   Getam,  sed  Pas- 
20  siano  Antoninl  nomen  a  senatu  voluit  iniponl.      Itaciue  di- 
ctus est  :^1.  Aurelius  Antoninus  liassianus  patrniue  successit. 
Nam  Geta  hostis  publicus  iadicatus  confestim  periit. 

CaracaUa  Emperor,  211-217  a.d. 

50  M.  igitur  Aurelius  Antoninus  Bassianus,  idemque  Cara- 
caUa, morum  fere  paternorum  fuit.  ])aul6  asi)erior  et  minax. 
25  Opus  Pomae  egregium  fecit  lavacrl,  (piae  thermae  Antonl- 
nianae  appellantur,  nihil  praeterea  memorabile.  Impatientis 
libldinis,  qui  novercam  siiam  luliam  uxoreni  dfixerit.  De- 
functus  est  in  ( )sdroena  apud  Edessam  moliens  adversum 

1  H.  387  ;  M.  212  ;  A.  &  G.  231  ;  G.  340 ;  B.  I'.H). 

HA/..    KlTKOl'll  !5 — 6 


82  EUTROPI  BREVIARII 

Parthos  expedltionem  anno  imperil  sexto,  mense  seeundo, 
vix  egressus  quadragesiminn  tertium  annum.  Funere  pu- 
blico elatus  est. 

3facrinus  Emperor,  218  a.d. 

21.  Deinde   Opilius    Macrlnus,  qui  praefectus    praetorio 
o  erat,  cum  filio   Diadumeno  facti  imperatores   niliil  memo- 

rabile  ex  temporis  brevitate  gesserunt.  Nam  imperium 
eorum  duum  mensuum  et  unius  anni  fuit.  Seditione  mlli- 
tarl  ambo  pariter  occlsi  sunt. 

Ileliogabalns  Emperor,  218-221  a.d. 

22.  Creatus  est  post  lios  M.   Aurelius  Antoninus.      Hic 
10  AntonInT  (-aracallae  filius  putabatur,  sacerdos  autem  Helio- 

gaball  tempi!  erat.  Is  cum  Romam  ingenti  et  niTlitum  et 
senatus  exs})ectatione  venisset,  probrTs  se  omnibus  contami- 
navit.  Impudicissime  et  obscenissime  vTxit,  biennioque  post 
et  octo  mensibus  tumultu  interfectus  est  mllitari  et  cum  eo 
1.5  mater  Symiasera. 

Alexander  Sever  us  Emperor,  221-235  a.d. 

23  Successit  huic  Aurelius  Alexander,  ab  exercitu  Caesar, 
a  senatu  Augustus  nominatus,  iuvenis  admodum,  susce- 
ptoque  adversus  Persas  bello  Xerxen,  eorum  regem,  gldrio- 
sissime  vicit.  Mllitarem  disciplTnam  severissime  rexit. 
'JD  Quasdam  tumultuantes  legiones  integras  exauctoravit.  Ad- 
sessorem  habuit  vel  scrinii  magistrum  Ulpianum,  ifiris  con- 
ditorem.  Komae  quoque  favoral)ilis  fuit.  Periit  in  Gallia 
mllitari  tumultu  tertio  deciino  imperii  anno  et  die  noiio. 
in  Mamaeam,  matrem  suam,  iinice  pius. 


[.1I5ER   IX. 


83 


iji;l'i:    \ONUS 

From   the  Accession   of  Maximus   to  the  Abdication 

OF  Diocletian,  235-305  a.d. 


Maximimis  Emperor,  235-237  a.d. 
1.  Post  Imnc  Maximlnus  ex  corpore  mllitari  primus  ad 
imperium  accessit  sola  militum  voluntate,  cum  nfdla  senatus 
intercessisset  auctoritas  neque  ipse  senator  esset.  Is  bello 
adversus  Germanos  fellciter  gesto  cum  a  mllitibus  impera- 
5  tor  esset  appellatus,  a  Pupieno  Aquileiae  occlsus  est  dese- 
rentibus  eum  mllitibus  suls  cum  filio  adhfic  puero,  cum  quo 
imperaverat  triennio  et  panels  diebus. 

Autonius  Gordkmus  Emperor,  237-238  a.d.     Gordianu.  Ill 

Emperor,  238-214  a.d. 
2.    Postea  tres  simul  August!  fuerunt,  Pupienus,  Balblnus, 

■    Gordianus,  duo  superiores  obscurissinu-)  genere,  Gordianus 

10  nobilis,  quippe  cuius  pater,  senior  Gordianus,  consensu 
militum,  cum  proconsulfitum  Africae  gereret,  Maximmo 
imperante  princeps  fuisset  electus.  Itaque  cum  Pomam 
venissent,  Balblnus  et  Pupienus  in  Palatio  interfect!  sunt, 
sol! '  Gordiano  imperium  reservatum.     Gordianus  admodum 

15  puer  cum  Tranquilllnam  Eomae  duxisset  uxorem,  lanum 
Geminum  aperuit  et  ad  Orientem  profectus  Parthls  belium 
intulit,  qui  iam  moliebantur  erumpere.  Quod  quidem  fell- 
citer gessit  proelilsque  ingentibus  Persas  adfllxit.  Rediens 
hand  longe  a  Komanis  flnil)us  interfectus  est  fraude  Pln- 

20  lippl,  qui  post  eum  imperavit.  Miles  ei  tuinulum  vIcesimO 
miliaria  a  Circesio,  quod  castrum  nunc  Komanorum  est 
Eupliratae  inminens,  aedificavit,  exsequias  Knmam  revexit, 
ipsum  Divum  appellavit. 

1  H.  384,  4  ;  M.  208  ;  A.  &  G.  235,  a  ;  G.  350.  1  ;  B.  188.  1. 


84 


ErTllOPI    IJKEVrARlT 


Philip  Emperor,  244-249  a.d. 

3  ['iiilippT  duo,  filiiis  ac  pater,  Gordiano  occiso  imperiiim 
iiivaseriiiit  atque  exercitfi  ineoluinl  rediicto  ad  Italiam  ex 
Syria  profect!  sunt.  His  imperantil)us  millesimus  annus 
liomae  urbis  ingentT  Ifidoruni  apparatu  spectaculorumque 
5  celebratus  est.  Anil)o  delude  ab  exercitfi  interfecti  sunt, 
senior  Pliilippus  Veronae,  Komae  iunior.  Annis  qulnque 
iniperaverunt;  inter  Divos  tanien  relati  sunt. 

Metini<  Deri  us  Emperor,  249-251  a.j>. 

4.  Post  hos  J)e('ius  e  Panuouia  Tuferidre  I'udaliae  natus 
imperiuni  sunipsit.  Jkdluni  civile,  (piod  in  Gallia  niotum 
10  fuerat,  oppressit.  ImUuui  suuni  (/aesareni  fecit.  Ivoniae 
lavacruni  aediticavit.  Cum  imperassent  biennio  ipse  et 
filius,  utercpie  in  liarbaiico  interfecti  sunt.  Seni(u-  meruit 
inter  Divds  referrl. 

Oallus  Ilosfilifntus  and  Volnsifinus  Emperors,  251-2;").']  a.d. 

5  Ml )X  imperatorcs  creati  sunt  (iJallus  llostllianus  et  Galll 
15  filius  Volusiilnus.  Sul)  his  xVemilianus  in  Moesia  res  novas 
mnlltus  est;  ad  (piem  opprimendum  cum  ambo  profecti 
essent,  Interamnae  interfecti  sunt  non  completo  biennio. 
Xihil  omnino  claruni  i^esserunt.  Sola  pestilentia*  et  morbis 
atque  aegritiidinibus  notus  edrum  principatus  fuit. 
•JO  6.  Aemilianns  obscurissinu"  natus  obscurius  imperavit  ac 
t(utid  mense  exstinctus  est. 

AemiUn)t}is  Emperor,  253  a.d.      VaJeriahtts  Emperor, 

25.3-2riO  A.D. 

7.    Hinc  Licinius  Valerianus  in  Kaetia  et  Xdrico  agens  ab 
exercitfi  imperatdr  et  mox  Augustus  est  factus.     Gallienus 
1  II.  410;   M.  2.-,4  ;   A.  0^:  (i.  i>4r, ;  G.  40S  :   H.  2Ul 


]AVAA\    IX. 


85 


quoque  Komae  a  senatu  Caesar  est  appellatus.  Horum  iin- 
perium  Romano  nomiiil  pernicidsum  et  paene  exitiabile  fuit 
vel  infellcitcate  principum  vel  ignfivia.  Gcrmanl  Ravennain 
usque  venerunt.  Valerianus  in  Mesopotamia  bellum  gerens 
.^  a  Sapdre,  Persarum  rcge,  superatus  est,  mox  etiam  captus 
apud  Parthds  igndbill  servitfite  cdnsenuit. 

Gallieiins  Entpt^nn',  200-2(38  a.d. 

b.  Gallienus  cum  adulescens  factus  e*set  Augustus,  impe- 
riuni primum  fellciter,  mox  commode,  ad  ultimum  pernicidse 
gessit.     Nam   iuvenis^in   Gallia  et  tllyricd  multa  streiiiie 

10  fecit  occlsd  apud  :\lursam  Tngenud,  qui  purpuram  sfimpse- 
rat,  et  Trebelliand.  Din  placidus  et  (piietus,  mox  in  omnem 
lasclviam  dissolfitus,  tenendae  vv\  pfd)licae  liabcuas  pro- 
brdsa  ignavia  et  despcratidne  laxavit.  Alamannl  vastatls 
Gallils  in    Italiam   penetraverunt.     Dacia,  quae  a  Traiand 

1.-,  ultra  Danuvium  fuerat  adiecta.  tum  amissa,  Graecia,  Mace- 
donia, Pontus,  Asia  vastata  est  per  Gotlids,  Pannonia  a 
Sarmatis  (}ua(lls(pie  populata  est,  GermanI  usque  ad  Hi- 
spanias  penetraverunt  et  clvitatem  ndbilem  Tarracdnem  ex- 
pfignaverunt.    Parth!    Mesopotamia    occupata    Syriam    sibi 

20  coeperaiit  vindicare. 

9.  Tam  desperatis  rebus  t^t  dfdetd  paene  im])erid  Rdmand 
Postumus  in  Gallia,  obscfirissime  natus.  i)urpuram  sQmpsit 
et  per  aniids  decem  ita  imi)eravit  iit  cdnsumptas  paene  prd- 
vincias    ingenti    virtfite   et    moderatidne    reparaverit.      Qui 

o-i  seditione  mllitum  interfectus  est,  (piod  :\logontiacum  clvita- 
tem, quae  adversus  eum  rebellaverat  Laeliaiid  res  novas 
mdliente,  dlripiendani^  mllitibus  tradere  ndluisset.  Post 
eum  Marius,  vllissimus  opifex,  i)urpurani  accepit  et  secundd 

1  il.  r)44,  2,  N.  2  i  M.  29:>,  2  ;  A.  it  G.  294.  (/;  G.  4:iO  ;  B.  387.  7.  />,2> 


86 


EUTKOPl    BKEVIAHII 


die  interfectiis  est.  Victorlnus  postefi  Galliarum  accepit 
iniperium,  vir  streimissimus,  sed  cum  nimiae  libldinis '  esset 
et  iiiatrimonia  aliena  corruinperet,  Agripi)mae  occisus  est 
actuari(3    (piodaiu    doluin    luacliinante,    imperil    sul    anno 

.")  secundo. 

10.  1  luie  successit  Tetricus  senator,  qui  Aquitaniam  honore 
praesidls  administrans  absens  a  mllitibus  imi)erator  electus 
est  et  apiid  IJurdigalam  purpuram  sumpsit.  Seditiones 
multas  militum  pertulit.     Sed  dum  liaec  in  Gallia  geruntiir, 

10  in  Oriente  per  Odenathum  l?ersae  victl  sunt.  Defensa 
Syria,  recepta  Mesopotamia  usque  ad  Ctesiphontem  Udeiul- 
thus  penetravit. 


ChtHfh'us  Emperor,  268-270  a.d. 

11  1  ta  Gallieno  rem  publieam  deserente  Romanum  impe- 
^rium  in  Occidente  per  Postumum,  per  Odenathum  in  Oriente 

15  servatum  est.  Gallienus  interea  MediolanI  cum  Yaleriano 
fratre  occisus  est  imperii  anno  nono,  Claudiusque  el  suc- 
cessit a  mllitibus  electus,  a  senatil  appellatus  Augustus.  Hie 
Gothos  Illyricum  ^Vlacedoniamque  vastantes  ingentl  proelio 
vicit.    Parens  vir  ac  modestus  et  ifistl-  tenax  ac  rel  pilblicae 

20  gerendae  idoneus,  qui  tamen  intra  imperil  biennium  morbo 
interiit.  Dlvus  ap})ellatus  est.  Senatus  eum  ingentl  honore 
decoravit,  scilicet  ut  in  curia  clipeus  ipsi  aureus,  item  in 
Capitolio  statua  aurea  poneretur. 

QntntiUus  Emperor,  270  a.d. 

12.   Quintillus  post  eum,  ClaudT  frater,  consensu  mTlitum 
25  imperator  electus  est,  unicae  moderationis  ^  vir  et  civllitatis, 

1  H.  396,  V  ;  M.  222  ;  A.  &  G.  21o  ;  G.  365  ;  B.  203,  1. 

2  H.  399,  II  ;  M.  226.  1  ;  A.  &  G.  218,  b  ;  G.  375  ;  B.  204,  1. 


TIP! 


IX. 


87 


aequandus  f  ratri  vel  praeponendus.    Consensu  senatus  appel- 
latus Augustus  septimo  decimo  die  imperii  occisus  est. 

AnreUan  Emperor,  270-27^  a.d. 

13.  Post  eum  Aureliauus  suscepit  iniperium,  Dacia  RipensI 
onundus,  vir  in  bello  potens,  animi  tamen  immodici  et  ad 

5  criidelitatem  propensioris.  Is  (luociue  Gothos  strenuissime 
vIcit.  Romanam  dicionem  ad  fines  i)rIstinos  varia  bellorum 
felicitate  revocavit.  Superavit  in  Gallia  Tetricum  apud 
Catalaunos  ipso  Tetrico  prodente  exercitum  suum,  ciiius 
adsiduas  seditiones  ferre  non  poterat.     Quin  etiam  per  lit- 

10  teras  occultas  Aurelianum  ita  fuerat  deprecatus  ut  inter 
alia  versa  1  Vergiliano  uteretiir:  '  Kripe  me  his,  invicte, 
malls.'  Zenobiam  quoque,  (luae  occiso  Odenatho  marlto 
Orientem  tenebat,  hand  longe  ab  Antiochia  sine  gravl 
proelio    cepit,    ingressuscpie    Rdmam    nobilem    triumphum 

15  quasi  receptor  Orientis  Occidentisciue  egit  praecedentibus 
currum  Tetrico  et  Zenobia.  Qui  .piidein  Tetricus  corrector 
Lucaniae  postea  fuit  ac  privatus  diutissime  vixil ;  Zenobia 
autem  posteros,  (pil  adhuc  manent,  Romae  rellquit. 

14.    Hoc  imperante  etiam  in  urbe  monetaril  rebellaverunt 

20  vitiatis  pecunils  et  Fellcissimo  rationall  iuterfecto.  Quos 
Aureliauus  victos  ultima  crudelitate  comi)escuit.  Plurimos 
nobiles  capite  -  damnavit.  Saevus  et  sanguinfirius  ac  neces- 
sarius  magis  in  quibusdam  (piam  in  fillo  anulbilis  imperator. 
Trux  omnI  tempore,  etiam  fllil  sororis  interfector,  discipllnae 

25  tamen  mllitaris  et  moruin  dissolutorum  magna  ex  parte  cor- 
rector. 

15     Urbem  Romam  muris  firmioribus  cinxit.     Templum 

1  H  4-n  I  •  M.  253  ;  A.  &  G.  249  ;  G.  407  ;  B.  218,  1. 

2  H.  410,  III ;  M.  251  ;  A.  &  G.  220,  6,1 ;  G.  404  ;  B.  208.  2,  h. 


i 


88 


EUTROPI    P.KKVIAKII 


Soli  aedificavit,  in  (luo  IiifliiTtuiu  aiiri  geiiimaruinque  consti- 
tiiit.  Provinciaiii  Daciain,  (juaiii  Traianus  ultra  Daimvium 
fecerat,  inteniiTsit,  vastato  oiiniT  Tllyrico  et  Moesia  despe- 
rans  eain  posse  retiuerl.  al)dii('tr)sqiu'  Kdmaiios  ex  urbibiis  et 
r»  agi'Ts  Daciae  in  media  Moesia  conloeavit  ai>pellavitque  eani 
Daciani,  ([iiae  nunc  duas  ^loesias  dlvTdit  et  est  in  dextrH 
Danuvio  in  mare  tluentl,  cum  antea  fuerit  in  laeva.  Occldi- 
tnr  servl  suT  fraude,  <piT  ad  (piosdam  mllitares  viros,  amlcos 
i|)sTus,  noniina  })«Mtnlit  adnotata  falso  manum  eius  imitatus. 
10  tannpiam  Auvclianus  ipsos  prirai-et  occidere ;  itaque  ut  prae- 
venTretur,  ah  Tsdem  interfectus  est  in  itineris  medio,  quod 
inter  Constantlnopolim  et  JlfTacleam  est  stratae  veteris: 
locus  Caenophi-firium  a[)pellatur.  ^^o^s  tamen  eius  inultn 
ndn  fuit.     Meruit  (juofine  inter  Divos  referrl. 

T<i<-iftis  fjinjieror,  'JTo-JJV)  a.d. 

1")  16.  Tacitus  post  hunc  suscepit  imperium,  vir  egregie  mora^ 
tus  et  rel  pfiblicae  gerendae  idoneus.  Nihil  tamen  clarum 
potidt  ostendere  intra  sextum  mensem  imperil  morte  prae- 
ventus.  Fldrianus,  qui  Tacito  successerat,  duobus  mensibus 
et  diebus  xx  in  imperio  fuit  neque  quicquam  dignum  me- 

20  moria  egit. 

Prohus  Emperor^  276-282  a.d. 

17  Tost  hunc  Probus,  vir  iidustris  gloria  militarl,  ad 
administrationem  rei  pfiblicae  accessit.  Ciallias  a  barbarls 
occupatris  ingentl  proelidrum  felicitate  restituit.  Quosdam 
imperium  usurpare  conatds,  scilicet  Saturninum  in  Oriente, 
25  Proculum  et  Bonosum  Agripplnae,  certfiminibus  oppressit. 
Vineas  (rallos  et  l^aiinoniOs  habere  permTsit,  opere  militarl 
Almam  montem  a[)ud  Sirnnum  et  Aureum  apud  Moesiam 
superiorem  vineis  conseruit  et  prdvincialibus  colendos  dedit. 


LIBER   IX. 


89 


Hie  cum  bella  innumera  gessisset,  [uice  parata  dixit  brevi 
mllites  necessarids  ndn  futurds.  Vir  acer,  strenuus,  iustus 
et  qui  Aurelianum  aequaret  gloria  militarl,  moruni  autem 
civllitate  superaret.  Interfectus  tamen  est  SirmI  tumultu 
5  militarl  in  turrl  ferrata. 

Cams  Enippyor,  2.S2-28o  a.d.     Curns  ami  Nnmerianm 

Emperors,  283-284  a.i>. 

18.  Post  hunc  Cams  est  factus  Augustus,  Xarbdne  natus 
in  Gallia.  Is  cdnfestim  (/arlnuni  et  Xumerianum  fllids  Cae- 
sares  fecit.  Sed  duni  bcllum  adversus  Sarmatas  gerit,  nun- 
tiatd  Persarum  tumultu  ad  Orient  em  profectus  res  contra 

10  Persas  ndbiles  gessit.  Ipsds  proelio  fudit,  CdcluMi  et  Cte- 
siphdntem,  urbes  ndbilissimas,  cepit.  Et  cum  castra  supra 
Tigridem  haberet,  vl  divini  fulminis  periit.  Xumerianus 
quoque,  fllius  eius,  quem  secum  Caesarem  ad  Persas  duxe- 
rat,  adulescens  egregiae  indolis,  cum  oculdrum  doldre  corre- 

15  ptus  in  lectlcula  veheretur,  impulsdre  Aprd,  qui  socer  eius 
erat,  per  insidias  occlsus  est.  Et  cum  dold  occultaretur 
ipsius  mors,  quoiisque  Aper  invadere  posset  imperium,  fetdre 
cadaveris  prddita  est.  >rilites  enim,  qui  eum  sequebantur, 
putdre  commdtl  deductis  lectlculae  pallils  post  aliquot  dies 

20  mortem  eius  ndtam  habere  i)Otuerunt. 

Diocletian  Emperor.  284-305  a.d. 

19    I  ntereil  Carlnus,  quem  Caesarem  ad  Parthds  proficiscens 

Cams  in  Illyricd,  (iallia,  Italia  rellquerat,  omnibus  se  scele- 

ribus  inquinavit.     Plurimds  innoxids  fictls  criminibus  occl- 

dit,  matrimdnia  ndbilia  corrupit,  condiscipulls '  (pioque,  qui 

2.5  eum  in  auditdrid  vel  levl  fatlgatidne  taxaverant,  pernicidsus 

1  U.  391,  I ;  M.  214  ;  A.  &  G.  234.  a  ;  G.  3o9  ;  B.  102,  1. 


90 


EU'll'f   PI    BREVfARII 


fuit.  Ob  quae  omnibus  homiuibus  invlsus  non  multo  post 
poenas  dedit.  Nam  de  Perside  victor  exercitus  rediens, 
fum  Carum  Augustum  fulmine,  Numeriaiium  Caesarem  lu- 
sidiis  perdidisset,  Diocletianum  imperatorem  creavit,  Dal- 
5  matia  oriundum,  virum  obscurissime  natum,  adeo  ut  a 
plerlsque  scribae  fllius,  a  nouiiidlis  Anullml  senatoris  llber- 
tlnus  fuisse  credatur. 

20  Is  prima  mllitum  contione  iuravit  Xumerianum  nfdlo 
suo  dolo  interfeetum,  et  cum  iiixtii  eum  Aper,  qui  Xumeriaiio 

10  lusidias  fecerat,  constitisset,  in  conspectu  exercitus  manu 
DiocletianI  percussus  est.  Postea  Carinum  omnium  odio  et 
detestatione  viventem  apud  Margum  ingenti  proelio  vTcit, 
proditum  ab  exercitu  suo,  (]uem  fortiorem  habebat,  aut  certe 
desertum,  inter  Yimiiiacium    atque  Aureum  niontem.     Ita 

15  rerum  ^  Komanarum  potitus  cum  tumultum  rusticani  in 
Gallia  concitassent  et  factioni  suae  Bacaudarum  nOmen 
imponerent,  duces  autem  haberent  Amandum  et  Aelianum, 
ad  subigendos  eos  Maximianum  Herculium  Caesarem  mi- 
sit,  qui  levibus  proelils  agrestes  domuit  et  pacem   Galliae 

20  reform  a  vit. 

21  Per  haec  tempora  etiam  Carausius  qui  vllissime  natus 
strenuae  inllitiae  ordine  famam  egregiam  fuerat  consecu- 
tus,  oum  apud  Bononiam  per  tractum  Belgicae  et  ArmoricI 
pacandum  mare  accPpisset,  quod  P^ranci  et  Saxones  Infesta- 

25  bant.  Multls  barbaris  saepe  captis  nee  praeda  integrfi  aut 
provincialibus  reddita  aut  imperatoribus  missa  cum  sus})i- 
cio  esse  coepisset  consulto  ab  eo  admitti  barbaros,  ut  transe- 
untes  cum  praeda  exciperet  atque  hac  se  occasione  ditaret, 
a  Maximiano  iussus  occldl  purpuram  sumpsit  et  Britannias 

30  occupavit. 

1  H.  410,  V.  3  ;  M.  231  ;  A.  &  G.  223,  a  ;  G.  407.  n.  2,  (d)  ;  B.  212,  2. 


M!u-:n  IX 


91 


Diocletian     makes    Maximianus    Hermlins    Augustus,    Con- 
stantius  and  Maxim ianus  Caesars. 

22.  Ita  cum  per  omnem  orbem  terrarum  res  turbatae  es- 
sent,  Carausius  in  Britannils  rebellaret,  Acliilleus  in  Aegypto, 
African!  QuInquegentianI  Infestarent,  Narseus  Orient  i 
bellum   Inferret,   Diocletialius    Maximianum  Herculium  ex 

5  Caesare  fecit  xVugustum,  Constantium  et  Maximianum 
Caesares,  quorum  Constantius  per  flliam  nepos  Claud!  tra- 
ditur,  Maximianus  Galerius  in  Dacia  baud  longe  a  Serdica 
natus.  Atipie  ut  eos  etiam  adflnitate  coniungeret,  Con- 
stantius  privignam    Herculi   Theodoram    accepit,   ox    (jua 

10  postea  sex  liberos,  Constantlni  fratres,  liabuit,  (ialerius 
flliam  Diocletian!  Valeriam,  ambo  uxores  quas  habuerant 
repudiare  compulsl.  Cum  Carausio  tamen,  cum  ])ella  fru- 
stra  temptata  essent  contra  virum  re!^  mllitaris  perltissi- 
mum,  ad  postremum  pax  convenit.     Eum  post  septennium 

\n  AUectus,  socius  eius,  occldit,  atque  ipse  post  eum  liritannias 
triennio  tenuit.  Qui  ductu  AsclepiodotI,  praefecti  praetorio, 
oppressus  est.     Ita  Britanniae  decimo  anno  receptae. 

23     Per  idem  tempus  a  Constantio  Caesare  in  Gallia  bene 
pugnatum  est.     Circa  Lingonas  die  una  adversam  et  secun- 

20  dam  fortiinam  expertus  est.  Nam  cum  rei)ente  barbaris  in- 
gruentibus  intra  civitatem  esset  coactus  tarn  praecipiti  neces- 
sitate ut  clausls  i)ort!s  in  murum  funibus  tolleretur,  vix 
quinque  horls  medils  adventante  exercitu  sexaginta  fere 
milia  Alamannorum  cecldit.     Maximianus  quocpie  Augustus 

2.-,  bellum  in  Africa  profligavit  domitis  Quincpiegentianis  et 
ad  pacem  redactls.  Diocletianus  obsessum  Alexandria^ 
Achilleum  octavo  fere  mense  superavit  eumque  interfecit. 
Victoria   acerbe   usus  est;  totam   Aegyptum  gravibus  pro- 

1  H.  399,  2  ;  M.  226,  1  ;  A.  &  G.  218,  a  ;  G.  374  ;  B.  204.  1. 


1 


EUTROPI    HKEV^IARII 


scrlptionibus  caedibusque  fuedavit.  Ea  tamen  occasione 
ordiiiavit  provide  multa  et  disposuit,  quae  ad  nostram  aeta- 
teni  inanent. 

24.  Giilerius  ^raxiiniaiiiis  ])rnniiiii  adversus  Narseiiin  proe- 
5  liuin  msecun<luin  habiiit    inter  Callinlciim  Carrasque   con- 

i,n'essus,  cum  iiieousulte  magis  <iuaiii  iguave  dhiiieasset ; 
adnioduni  enini  parva  nianu  cum  copiosissimo  hoste  com- 
laTsit. 

25.  Pulsus   igitur  et  ad  Diocletianuni   profeetus  cum  el 
10  in  itinere  occurrisset,  tanta  Tnsolentia  a  Diocletiano  fertur 

exceptus  ut  per  aliquot  passuum  milia  purpuratus  tradatur 
ad  veliiculum  cucurrisse  ;  mox  tamen  per  Illyricum  Moesi- 
amque  contractis  co[)iIs  rursus  cum  Xarseo,  llormisdae  et 
Sa])oris  avo,  in   Armenia  ^Nlfiiorc  pugnavit  successu  ingentl 

IT)  nee  miuurt'  consilio,  simul  fortitildine,  ({uippe  (]ul  etiam 
speculatoris  munus  cum  altero  aut  tertio  ecpiite  susceperit.' 
Pulso  Narseo  castra  eius  dlri[)uit ;  uxores,  sorores,  iTberos 
eepit,  TnflnTtam  extrlnsecus  rersarum  noV)ilitatem.  gazam 
Persicam  copiosissinuim.     Ipsum  in  idtimas  regnl  solitudines 

20  egit.  Quare  a  Diocletifinn  in  >resopot;imia  cum  praesidiTs 
tum  morante  ovans  regressus  ingenti  honore  susceptus  est. 
Yaria  deinceps  et  simul  et  virltim  bella  gesserunt  Carpis  et 
Basternls  subactTs,  SarnmtTs  victTs.  (piarum  nationum  in- 
gentes  captlvorum  cojuas  in  KomanTs  flnibus  locavr'runt. 

JJioclefidit   iihdicatcs.  oOr)  a.d. 

25  26  Diocletianus  moratns  callide  fnit,  sagax  praeterea  et 
admodum  subtTlis  ingenii,  et  (pii  severitatem  suam  aliena 
invidia  vellet  explere.  Dlligentissimus  tamen  et  soller- 
tissimus    ])rTnceps    et  (piT    imperio   Ivomand  ]>rTmns   regiae 

•  II.  ".IT,  3.  1)  ;   M.  :58-J.  2  n.  ;   A.  &  (i.  ;)•_>(>.  <•  ;  (J.  ('.33  ;  R.  283,  3. 


LIBKIi    IX. 


98 


consuetudinis  formam  magis  quam  Komanae  llbertatis  in- 
vexerit^  adorarique  se  iusserit/  cum  ante  eum  cuncti  salu- 
tarentur.  Ornamenta  gemmarum  vestibus  calciamentis(pie 
indidit.     Nam  prius  imperil  InsTgne  in  chlamyde  purpurea 

5  tantum  erat,  reli(pia  commfinia. 

27  Hereulius  autem  j)ropalam  ferus  et  inclvllis  ingenii, 
asperitatem  suam  etiam  vultus  horrdre  significans.  Hlc 
natrirae  suae  indulgens  Diocletiand  in  omnibus  est  severio- 
ribus  cdnsilils  obsecutus.      Cum  tamen  ingravescente  aevo 

10  parum  se  idoneum  Diocletifmus  moderandd  imperio  esse 
sentiret,  auctor  Herculid  fuit  ut  in  vltam  privatam  con- 
cederent  et  stationem  tuendae  rei  pfddicae  viridioribus 
iunioribnsque  mandarent.  Cui  aegre  conlega  obtempera- 
vit.     Tamen  uteripie  find  din  i^rlvatd  habitu  imperii  insTgne 

M  mutavit,  Xicomediae  Diocletianus,  Hereulius  MedidlanI, 
post  triumi>lium  inclutum.  (puun  Kdmae  ex  numerdsTs 
gentibus  egerant,  pompa  ferculdrnm  inlustrl.  (jua  Narsei 
coniuges  sordres(pie  et  iTberl  ante  eurrum  duct!  sunt.  ( Vm- 
cesserunt  tamen  Saldnas  unns,  alter  m  Lucaniam. 

20  28.  Diocletianus  privatns  in  villa,  (piae  baud  j.rocul  a 
Saldnis  est,  praeelard  dtid  cdnsennit.  inusitata  virtute  usus. 
ut  sdlus  omnium  post  conditum  Rdnu'inum  imperium  ex 
tantd  fastigid  sponte  ad  i)rivatae  vitae  .statum  civilitatemque 
remearet.     CNrntigit  igitur  ei.  <piod  nfdli  iK)st  natds  homines. 

2.".  ut  cum  privatns  obisset,-  inter  Divds  tamen  referretur. 

1  II.  r,03,  I  ;  M.  383,  I  ;  A.  &  G.  320  ;  G.  031,  2  ;  R.  2^3,  2. 

2  H.  -M').  TTI  :  M.  378.  (»  :   A.  &  (i.  313.  <1 :  G.  -.ST  :   R.  ::oi>.  3. 


94 


EUTROPI  BREVIARII 


LIBER   DECIMUS 


From  the  Abdication  of  Diocletiax  to  the  Death 

OF  Jo VI AX,  305-364  A.i). 


Constantius  I  and  Galerius  Emperors,  305-306  a.d. 

1.  ills  igitur  abeimtibus  administratione  rei  publicae  Cuii- 
stantius  et  Galerius  AugustI  ereatl  sunt  cllvlsusque  inter 
eos  ita  Konianus  orbis,  ut  Galliani,  Italiam,  Afiicani  Con- 
stantius,   Illyricuni,    Asiani,  Orientem    Galerius   obtineret, 

5  srunptTs  duobus  Caesaribus.  Constantius  tanien  contentus 
dlguitate^  AugustI  Italiae  atque  Africae  administrandae 
sollieitfidinem  recusavit,  vir  egregius  et  praestantissiniae 
clvllitatis,  dlvitils  provincialiuni  ac  prlvatorum  studens, 
liscl   commoda  non  admodum  adfectans,  dicensque   melius 

10  publieas  opes  a  prlvatis  liaberl  quam  intra  iinum  claustruiu 
reservan,  adeo  auteni  cultus  modici  ut  festis  diebus,  si 
anilcls  nuinerosioribus  esset  epulanduni,  prlvatorum  el 
argento  ostiatim  petitij  triclinia  sternerentur.  llic  non 
modo  amabilis,  sed  etiam  venerabilis  Gallls  fuit,  praecipue 

15  quod  DiocletianI  suspectam  prudentiam  et  MaximianI  san- 
guinariam  temeritatem  imperio  eius  evaserant.  Obiit  in 
Britannia  EboracI  principatus  anno  tertio  decimo  atque 
inter  Divos  relatus  est. 

Constcmtine  Emperor,  306-307  a.d. 

2     Galerius,  vir  et  probe  moratus  et  egregius  re  militarl. 

20  cum    Italian!    quoque    sinente   Constantio    administrationi 

suae  accessisse  sentlret,  Caesares  duos  creavit,  ^raximlnum, 

quern  OrientI  praefecit,  et  Severum,  cul  Italiam  dedit.    Ipse 

1  II.  4J1,  lii,  M.  -17.  N.  1;  A.  &  G.  254,  ?>,  2  ;  G.  401,n.«>;  B.  219, 1. 


LIBEH    \'. 


'.^o 


in  Illyrico  moratus  est.  Veruin  Constantio  mortuo  Con- 
stantlnus,  ex  obscuriore  matrimonio  eius  fllius,  in  Britannia 
creatus  est  imperator  et  in  locum  patris  exoptatissimus 
moderator  accessit.  Romae  interea  praetoriani  exelto  tu- 
:>  multu  :Maxentium,  Hercull  fllium,  qui  baud  i)rocul  ab  urbe 
in  villa  piiblica  morabfitur,  Augustum  nfincupaverunt.  Quo 
nuntio  Maximianus  Herculius  ad  spem  adiectus  resumendi 
fastlgil  quod  invltus  ilmlserat,  Romani  advolavit  e  Luoania, 
quam  sedem  prlvfitus  elegerat  in  agrls  amoenissimis  con- 
ic senescens,  Dioclctianumque  etiam  i)er  litteras  adhortatus 
est  ut  dcpositam  resumeret  potestatem,  quas  ille  inrlsas 
liabuit.  Sed  adversum  motum  praetdrianorum  atque  ^la- 
xeutl  Severus  Caesar  Roniam  missus  a  Galerid  cum  exercitu 
vcuit  obsidt'nsque  urbem  mllitum  sudrum  scelere  desertus 
1.-)  est.  Aiictae  .MaxentI  opes  confiriiifituuHpie  imperiuin.  Se- 
verus fugiens  Ravenuae  interfectus  est. 

3.    Herculius  tanien  ^raximianus  post  haec  in   contidiie 

exercitus  fllium  ]Vraxentium  nudare  conatus  seditidnem  et 

convlcia  mllitum  tulit.     Indo  ad  Gallias  profectus  est  dold 

20  compositd.  tamquam  a  filid  esset  expulsus,'  ut  Cdnstantind 

generd    iungeretur,    mdliens    tamen   Cdiistantlnum    reperta 

occasidne  interficere,  qui   in  Gallils  et  mllitum   ot   prdvin- 

cialium  ingenti  iam  favdre  regnabat  caesis   Francis  atque 

Alamannls   captls<]ue   edrum    regii)us,    quds   etiam    bostils, 

25  cum    magnificum    spectaculum     muneris    parasset,    obiecit. 

Dctcctls   igitur   Insidils  per   Faustam   flliani,   quae   dolum 

vird  nuntiaverat,  profugit  Herculius  ]SIassiliaequc  oppressus 

(ex  ea  euim  navigare  ad  fllium  itraeparabat)  poenas  dedit 

iustissimd  exitfi,  vir  ad   omnem  acerbitatem   saevitiamque 

30  prdcllvis.  Infldus,  incommodus,  clvllitatis  penitus  expers. 


1  H.  513,  II ;  M.  375 ;  A.  &  G.  312  ;  G.  002  ;  B.  307,  1. 


t>6 


EniJOPl    BKKVIARII 


LiciniHs  Emperor,  307-324  a.d. 

4  ]*er  lioc  teinpiis  a  (ialerio  Licinius  imperator  est  f actus, 
Dacia  oriuudiis,  iiutus  vl  aiitiqiia  cOiisuetiuline  et  in  bello, 
(luod  adversus  Xarseuni  gesserat,  streiiuis  laboribus  et  offi- 
cils    acceptiis.      Mors    (ialeri   confestini    secfita.      Ita    res 

5  pQbliea  tiiiii  a  novis  (piattuor  iiuperatOribus  tenebatur,  Cdn- 
stantliio  et  MaxeiitiO,  fllils  Augustorinn,  Lieinio  et  :\Iaxi- 
iiiIiiO,  novis  hominibus.  Qulntotamen  Constantlnus  imperil 
suT  anno  beUum  adversnm  ]\Iaxentinni  civile  conimovit, 
copias   eius   innltis  i)roeliTs   fudit,  ipsnm   postremo  Koniae 

10  adversuni  nobiles  omnibus  exitils  saevientem  a  pud  pontem 
Mulvium  vTcit  Italiacpie  est  potltus.  Xon  multo^  deinceps 
in  Oriente  (pioque  adversum  Licinium  Maximlnus  res  novas 
molitus  vTcInum  exitium  fortulta  ai)ud  Tarsum  morte  prae- 

veiiit. 

Co)is(a)ttiiie  the  Great  sole  R filer,  324-337  a.d. 

ID  5  ( Constantlnus  tamen,  vir  ingens  et  omnia  efficere  nitens 
(piae  aninio  praeparasset,-  simul  principatum  totius  orbis 
adfectans,  Lieinio  belhim  intulit,  quamquam  necessitudo 
et  adflnitas  cum  eo  esset ;  nam  soror  Constantia  nupta 
Lieinio  erat.     Ac  primo  eum  in  Fannonia  Secunda  ingenti 

20  apparatu  belhim  apud  Cibalas  instruentem  repentlnns  op- 
pressit  omnlque  Dardania,  ]\Ioesia,  ^Macedonia  potTtus  nn- 
merosas  provineias  occupavit. 

6    Varia  deinceps  inter  eos  bella  gesta,  et  pax  reconcilifila 
rupta(pie  est.     Postremo  Licinius  navall  et  terrestri  proelio 

2.-,  victus  apud  Nicomediam  se  dedidit  et  contra  religionem 
sacrament!  Thessalonlcae  i)rivatus  occisus  est.  Eo  tempore 
res  Kdmana  sub  uno  Augusto  et  tribus  Caesaribus,  quod 

1  II.  4-2:) ;  M.  248  ;  A.  &  G.  250  ;  G.  403  ;  B.  223. 

2  II.  235  ;  M.  100,  1  ;  A.  &  G.  128,  «,  1  ;  G.  131,  1  ;  B.  116,  1. 


Lir.Kl;    \. 

numquam  alias,  fuit,  cum  liber!  Constantin!  Galliae,  Orient! 
Italiaeque  praeessent.  Verum  insolentia  rerum  secundarnm 
aliquantum  Constantinus  ex  ilia  favdrabili  animi  docilitate 
mutavit.  Frimum  necessitudines  persecutus  egregium 
5  virum  filium  et  sororis  filium.  commodae  indolis  iuvenem, 
interfecit,  mox  uxorem,  post  numerosos  aiuicos. 

7     Vir  primo  imperii  tempore  optimis  principibus,  ultimo 
medils  comparandus.     Innumerae  in  eo  animi  corporiscpie 
virtutes  claruerunt.     Militaris  gloriae  appetentissimus,  for- 
10  tuna  in  bellis  prospera  fait,  verum   ita   ut  non   superaret 
industriam.      Nam  etiam  Gothos  post  civile  bellum  vane 
profllgavit  pace  bis  ad  postremum  data,  mgentemque  apud 
barbaras  gentes  memoriae    gratium   conlocavit.      Civilibus 
artibus  et  studils  liberalibus  deditus,  adfectator  iust!  amoris, 
15  quem  ab  omnibus  sibi  et  iTberalitate  et  docilitate  (piaesivit, 
sicut  m  ndnnfdlos  amicds  dubius,  ita  in  reliquos  egregius, 
nihil  occasionum  praetermittens,  (pio  opulentiores  eos  cla- 

rioresque  ju'aestaret. 

8.    Multas  leges  rogavit.  (piasdam  ex  bono  et  aequo,  ple- 

20  rascpie  supertiuas.  ndnnrdlas  severas,  primuscpie  urbem  ndmi- 
nis  sui  ad  tantum  fastlgium  evehere  molitus  est.  ut  Romae 
aemulam  faceret.  Helium  adversus  Varthds  mdliens,  (pu 
iam  Mesopotamiam  fatigfibant,  uno  et  trlcesimd  annd  im- 
perii,   aetatis   sexto    et    sexagesimd.   Nicomediae    in    villa 

2.^  publica  obiit.  Denuntiata  mors  eius  est  etiam  i»er  crinitam 
stellam,  quae  inusitatae  magnitudinis  aliquamdiu  tulsit ; 
earn  Graeci  cometen  vocant.  Atque  inter  Divds  meruit 
referri. 

The  Sons  of  Constantine  ride,  337-360  a.d. 
9     Is  successdres  filids  tres  relTquit  atque  unum  fratris 
filium.     Verum  Dalmatius  Caesar  prdsperrima  indole  neque 


30 


HAZ.   EITROPIUS i 


0« 


EUTROI'I    lUIKVIARII 


patnio  jibsiniilis  hand  inultf)  post  oppressus  est  factione 
iiiTlitrirl  et  Coiistantid,  patruelT  suo,  siiieiite  potius  rpiaiu 
iubeiite.  Constantlimm  porro  belluni  friitrl  iiiferentem  et 
apiid  A(piilrMain  iiu'oiisiiltius  proeliuni  aggressum  Coiistaii- 

5  tis  (luces  iiiteivnienmt.  Ita  res  [)ubli('a  ad  duos  Augustos 
ledacta.  Constantis  imperiuui  strenuuin  alicpianidifi  et 
iustuui  luit.  Mox  cum  et  valetudiue  im})r6spera  et  amiels 
priividribus  uteretur,  ad  gravia  vitia  conversus,  euui  intole- 
rflbibs  })i-6vineialibus,  unlit!  iuiu(Mui(bis  esset,  factioue  Ma- 

h)  gueuti  occTsus  est.  Obiit  luuul  louge  ab  Hispauils  iu  castrd, 
cul  Heleuae'  uduien  est,  auud  imperil  septiuid  deciiud,  aeta- 
tis  trleesiuu"),  rr'l)us  tauieu  pluriuils  streuue  iu  uillitifi  gestis 
exereituupie  per  ouiue  vltae  teuipus  siue  gravi  crudelitate 
terril)ilis. 

15  10  Diversa  CoustautI  fortuua  fuit.  A  Persls  euim  uiulta 
et  gravia  jierpessus  saepe  eaptis  oppidTs,  obsessTs  urloibus, 
caesTs  exercitibus,  ufdluuKpie  ei  coutra  Saporem  prosperum 
proeliuui  fuit,  uisi  quod  apud  Siugara  baud  dubiam  victo- 
riam  ferdcia  luilituui  auilsit,  qui  i)uguaui  seditidse  et  stolide 

20  coutra  ratidueui  belli  die  iaui  praecipiti  poposceruut.  Tost 
Cdustautis  neceui  Magneutid  Italiam,  Africam,  Gallias  obti- 
neute  etiani  lllyricum  res  novas  habuit,  Vetrauidue  ad  iui- 
perium  cduseusu  uiilitum  electd.  Queui  graudaevum  iam 
et  cunctls  auiabileiu  diuturuitate  et  felicitate  uillitiae   ad 

L'o  tuendum  lllyricum  priucipem  creaveruut,  viruui  ])robum  et 
mdrum  veterum  ac  iucuudae  civllitatis,  sed  oniniiuu  llbera- 
lium  artiuui  expertem  aded  ut  ne  elemeuta  quidem  prnua 
litterarum  nisi  graudaevus  et  iani  imperatdr  acceperit. 

11.   Sed  a  Cdustantid,  qui  ad  ultidnem  fraternae  necis  bel- 

30  luni  civile  commdverat,  abrogatum  est  Yetranidni  imperium  ; 

1  H.  387,  N.  1  ;  M.  212,  n.  2  ;  A.  &  G.  2:M,  h  ;  G.  349,  r.  5  ;  B.  UK),  1. 


LTBEll   X. 


99 


novo  inusitatdque  mdre  consensu  mllitum  deponere  insigne 
compulsus.  Rduiae  quo(pie  tumultus  fuit  Nepotiand,  Cdn- 
stantlnl  sordris  fllid,  per  gladiatdriam  manum  imperium 
vlndicante,  qui  saevis  exdrdils '  dlgnuni  exitum  nactus  est. 
r,  Vlcesinid  enim  at(iue  octavd  did  a  Maguentiauls  ducibus 
oppressus  poenas  dedit.  Caput  eius  pild  per  urbem  circum- 
latuni  est,  gravissimae(pie  prdscrlptidnes  et  ndbilium  caedes 

fuerunt. 

12.  Xdu  multd  post  :\lagnentius  apud  Mursam  prdtllgatus 
10  acie  est  ac  paene  captus.  Ingentes  RduKUiI  imperil  vires  ea 
dimicatidue  cdusumptae  sunt,  ad  (puaelibet  bella  externa 
iddneae,  quae  multum  triumpbdrum  possent'-^  securitatisque 
cdnferre.  OrientI  mox  a  Cdustantid  Caesar  est  datus  patrul 
fllius  Gallus,  .Magnentius(iue  diversis  proelils  victus  vim 
15  vltae  suae  apud  Lugduuum  attulit  imperil  annd  tertu. 
meiise  septimd,  frater  (pioque  eius  Decentius  Senonibus, 
(piem  ad  tuendas  (lallias  Caesarem  miserat. 

13  Per  baec  tempora  etiam  a  (\mstantid  multls  inclvlh- 
bns  gestis  Gallus  C^aesar  occlsus  est,  vir  natura  ferus  et  ad 
oo  tyrnmnidem  ].rdni(.r,  si  sud  iure  imperare  licuisset.^  Silva- 
nus  quo.pie  in  Gallia  res  novas  mdlltus  ante  diem  trlcesi- 
nium  exstlnctus  est,  sdluscpie  imperu)  Kdmand  ed  tempore 
Cdnstantius  princeps  et  Augustus  fuit. 

U  Mox  Ifilianum  Caesarem  ad  Gallias  misit,  patruelem 
or,  suum,  Gain  fratrem,  tradita  el  in  luatrimduium  sordre, 
.urn  niulta  oppida  barbarl  expugnassent,  alia  obsiderent, 
ubicpie  foeda  vastitas  esset  rvdmanumqne  imperium  nou 
dubia  iam  calamitate  uutaret.  A  cpid  modicis  cdpils  apud 
Argentoratum,  (ialliae  urbem,  ingentes  Alamanndrum  copiae 

1  H    4>1    III  •  M.  ^38.  2  ;  A.  &  G.  245,  a,  1  ;  G.  307,  n.  2  ;  B.  22G,  2. 
Ml'03'n!2;M.383,l;A.&G.32U;(;.O31.2;H.282.3. 

3  II.  :>1U  ;  M.  3U(; ;  A.  &  (i.  3U8  ;  (J.  .V.»7  ;  B.  304.  1. 


100 


EUTROPI    RREVIARII 


exstlnctae  sunt,  rex  nobilissimus  captiis,  Galliae  restitutae. 
Multa  postea  per  eimdem  Iiilianum  egregie  adversum  bar- 
bai'os  gesta  sunt  siimmotlque  ultra  Khenum  GermanI  et 
fliiibus  suTs  Romanum  imperium  restitutum. 

Julian  Emperor^  860-363  a.d. 

15.  Neque  multo  post,  cum  Gei'manicirun  exercitus  a  Gallia- 
I'uin  praesidio  toUerentur,  consensfi  inilitum  liilianus  factus 
Augustus  est,  interiectoque  anno  ad  lllyricum  obtinendum 
profectus  Constautio  rartliicis  proelils  oecupato.  (^lT  rebus 
cognitis  ad  belluni  civile  conversus  in  itinere  obiit  inter 
10  Ciliciani  Cappadocianique  anno  imperil  octavo  et  trlcesimo, 
aetatis  quinto  et  quadragesimo,  meruitque  inter  Divds  re- 
ferrl,  vir  egregiae  tranquillitatis,  placidus,  nimiuin  amIcTs  ^ 
et  familiaribus  credens.  mox  etiam  uxoribus  deditior,  (pii 
tamen  prlmls  imperii  annTs  ingenti  s6  modestia  egerit,  fami- 
ly liarium  etiam  loeupletator  neque  inhonores  sinens,  quorum 
laboriosa  expertus  fuisset  officia,  ad  severitatem  tamen  pro- 
pensior,  sT  suspTcio  imperii  moveretui*.  mitis  alias,  et  cuius 
in  civTlibus  magis  quam  in  externis  bellls  sit  laudanda 
fortfina. 

Efftropiifs  tal'es  part  in  thp   Parthian  Expedition,  363  a.d. 

20  16  Ifinc  lulianus  reruin  potltus  est  ingentlque  api)arritu 
Parthis  intulit  bellum,  cul  expeditioni  ego  (pioque  interfui. 
Ali<piot  ojipida  et  castella  Persarum  in  deditionem  accepit 
vel  vT  expugnavit  xVssyriamque  populatus  castra  apud 
('tesiphontpiH    statTva    alicpiamdiu    liabuit.       Remeansque 

25  victor,  dum  se  inconsultius  proelils  Tnserit,  hostllT  manu 
interfectus  est  vr  Kal.  Tul.,  imperil  anno  septimo.  aetatis 

1  H.  385,  II     M.  20.-) ;  A.  &  G.  227  ;  G.  84(5 ;  B.  187.  II,  a. 


r.iiu-.K  X. 


101 


altero  et  trlcesimo  atque  inter  Dlvos  relatus  est,  vir  ggregius 
et  rem  publicam  Tnslgniter  moderaturus,  sT  per  fata  licuisset. 
Liberalibus  discipllnis  apprlme  erudltus,  GraecTs  doctior 
atcpie   adeo    ut    Latlna   erudltio    nfMpiaquam   cum    Graeca 

5  scientia  convenlret,  facundia  ingenti  et  prompta,  memoriae 
tenacissimae,  in  (piibusdam  pliilosopho  proprior.  In  amicos 
liberalis,  sed  minus  dlligens  (inam  tantum  principem  decuit. 
Fuerunt  enim  nonnulll  (pil  vulnera  gloriae  eius  Inferrent. 
1,1    provinciales    iiistissinuis   et  tributorum,  quatenus  fieri 

10  posset,  repressor.  Civllis  m  cunctos,  mediocrem  liabens 
aerarii  curam,  gloriae  avidus  ac  per  eam  animi  i)lcrumque 
immodici,  religionis  diristianae  nimius  Insectator,  perindr 
tamen  ut  cruore  abstincret.  M.  Antonino  non  absimilis, 
(piem  etiam  aemularl  studebat. 

Jnridii    En>i»'r(a\   363-3()4  A.U. 
1.-^       IT     IN.st  hum'    lovianus,  (pil  tunc  domesticus  militabat, 
ad  obtinendum  imperium  consensu  exercitus  lectus  est,  com- 
mendatione  i)atris  mllitibus  (piam  sua  notior.     Qui  iam  tur- 
batis  rebus  exercitu  cpioque  inoi.ifi  laborante  uno  a  Persis 
atnue  altero  proelid  victus  i.avem  cum  Sapore.  necessariam 
.>o  (piidein,  sed  iguobilem.  fecit  multatus  flnibus'  ac  ndnnfiUa 
imperil  KdmanI  parte  tradita.     (.)uo<l  ante  eum  annis  mllle 
centum  et  dudbus  de  vigiuti  fere,  ex  (jud  Kdmanum  luipe- 
rium  conditnm  cat.  uumquam  accldit.     Quin  etiam  legidnes 
iu)Strae  ita  et  apud  ('audium  per  Pontium  Teleslnum  et  in 
25  Hispania  apud  Numantiam  et  in  Nunudia  sub  iugum  missae 
sunt,  ut  nihil  tamen  finium  traderetur.     Ea  pacis  condicio 
non  penitus   reprehendenda   foret,  si  foederis  necessitatem 
tum  cum  integrum  fuit  mutare  voluisset,  sicut  a  Rdmanis 


1  11.  410 


.  HI     M.  2ol  ;  A.  &  G.  220,  h.  1  :  (i.  404  ;  B.  225. 


1"- 


EUTU 


imEVIAHlI   LIBER  X. 


omnibus  his  bellTs,  ([ua(?  coiuineiuoravT,  factum  est.  Xam 
et  Samnltibus  et  NumantinTs  et  Numidis  coufestim  bella 
inlata  sunt  neque  pax  rata  t'uit.  8ecl  dum  aemulum  imperii 
veretur,   intra  Orientem  residens  gloriae   pavum   consuluit. 

5  Itaque  iter  ingressus  atque  lllyricum  petens  in  Galatiae 
finibus  repentina  morte  obiit,  vir  alias  neque  iners  neque 
imprudens. 

18     ^lultl  exaninultum  opinantur  nimia  cruditate  (inter 
cenandum  enim  epulis  indulserat),  alii  odore  c'ul)iculi,  quod 

10  ex  recent!  tectorio  calcis  grave  quiescentibus  erat,  quidam 
nimietate  prunarum,  quas  gravi  frigore  adolerl  multas 
iusserat.  Decessit  imperii  mense  septimo,  tertio  decimo 
Kal.  i\[art.,  aetatis  tertio  et  tricesimo  anno,  ac  benlgnitate 
principum    qui   ei    successerunt    inter    Divos    relatus    est. 

15  Nam  et  clvllitati  propior  et  natfira  admodum  liberalis  fuit. 

Is  status  erat  Komanae  rei  loviano  eodeni  et  Varroniano 

consulibus   anno    iirbis    conditae    mlllesimd    centesimo    et 

octavo  decimo.     Quia  autem  ad  inclutos  principes  veneran- 

dosque  perventum  est,  interim  operl  modum  dal)imus.     Nam 

20  reliqua  stilo  maiore  dicenda  sunt.  Quae  nunc  non  tam 
praetermittimus,  quam  ad  maiorem  scrlbendi  diligentiam 
reservamus. 


20 


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lUnunf.};  \!M!V 

The  following  books  liave  been  referred  to  in  the  Xotes.  While 
the  references  are  intended  principally  for  the  teacher,  every  student 
should  be  provided  with  a  copy  of  Creighton's  Primer  of  Roman 
History.  If  Eutropius  is  studied  in  connection  with  this  book,  the 
student  cannot  fail  to  obtain  a  fair  knowledge  of  the  main  facts  of 
Ronuxn  History. 

Ancient     Rome    in    the    Light    of    Recent    Discoveries.    ,    Rodolfo 

Lanciani. 
Early  Rome  (Epochs  of  History).     \V.  Ihne. 
Moinmscn's  History   of   Rome,   Abridged    for   Schools   and   Colleges. 

L.  Ijiyans  and  E.  J.  R.  Hendy. 
Rome  and  Carthage  (Epochs  of  History).     R.  Bosworth  Smith. 
The  History  of  Rotne  (History  I'rimer  Series).     M.  Creighton. 
The  Early  Empire  (Epochs  of  History).     ^^'    W.  Capes. 
The  Roman  Triumvirates  (Epochs  of  History).     Charles  Merivale. 
The  Age  of  the  Antonines  (P'.pochs  of  History).       W.  W.  Capes. 
]Myths  of  Greece  and  Rome.      H.  A.  Guerber. 
The  Story  of  the  Romans.     H.  A.  Guerber. 
'I'he  Development  of  the  Roman  Constitution  (History  Primer  Series). 

Ambrose  Tighe. 

XOTE 

In  the  Notes  the  references  to  Harkness'  Grammar  occur  in  two 
forms,  the  first  referring  to  the  New  Latin  Grammar  (1808),  the 
second,  in  brackets,  to  the  Standard  Latin  Grammar. 

104 


NO'l  K.^ 


LIFE   OF    KrTROlMrS 

Of  the  life  of  Eutropius  we  know  very  little.  Only  once  in  his  work 
does  he  mention  himself,  Bk.  X,  Ch.  Uk  He  was  proconsul  in  Asia  in 
371  A.D.,  and  praetorian  praefect  880-387  a.d.  He  is  said  to  have  been 
the  secretary  of  the  Emperor  Constantine  the  (Jrtat. 

The  only  one  of  his  works  that  is  extant  is  the  Brevidrimn,  a  brief 
history  of  Rome  from  the  founding  of  the  city  to  the  death  of  the 
Emperor  Jovian.  3(34  a.  i>.  He  dedicated  the  work  to  the  Emperor  Valens, 
364-378  A.D.,  composing  it  probably  at  the  emperor's  request. 

Through  the  republican  period  he  follows  Livy,  whom  he  knows  at  first 
hand.  Afterwards  he  takes  Suetonius  and  the  Augustan  History  for  his 
guides.  His  style  is  simple  and  terse,  and  the  diction  is  very  good  for 
the  age  in  which  the  book  was  written.  As  a  historian  his  judgment  is  cool 
and  impartial.  He  makes  some  blunders,  but  mostly  in  the  matter  of 
dates.  A  Greek  translation  made  by  a  certain  Capito,  a  Lycian,  is  men- 
tioned, but  it  has  been  lost.     A  latv-^r  Greek  version  by  Paeanius  is  extant. 


Bt)OK    I 

Page  7.   ^"-  i-  ^^i^^^  ^-    R^'"^ 
num  :  note  emphatic  position. 

Fomnlo  :  see  the  legend  of  Rom- 
ulus ciii'l  Henuis  in  Rme,  ]>.  32  ; 
Livy,  P>k.  1.  1\'  ;  Guerber,  p.  Uil 

2.  Vestalis  virginis  :  the  Vestals 
were  a  kind  of  nuns,  six  in  number, 
who  were  priestesses  of  Vesta.  It 
was  their  duty  to  keep  the  fire  on 
the  altar  in  her  temple  in  the  Fonuu 
burningconstantly.  •'  Heraltar.  with 
its  ever-burning  fire,  wius  the  family 


^.learth  of  the  state,  from  which  the 
household  fires  were  kindled  at  cer- 
tain dates."'  Lanciani,  Anc.  Rome. 
Ch.  VI. 

filiuB  :  in  appositiim  with  <jiu, 
subj(''  '    ■•*'  pNf(l(>iy  "^z 

quantum  putatus  est :  '  a.s  he 
wa.s  thought '  =  '  as  it  was  thought '  ; 
note  that  the  Latin  prefers  the  per- 
sonal construction  where  we  prefer 
the  impersonal. 

3.   is:  emphatic  position. 

cum  .  .  .  latrociiiai  eiur  :  the 
student  should   note    the   different 


105 


!')*'> 


NOTES 


[Page  7 


uses  of  cum,  viz.:  Temporal,  with 
Indicative  or  Subjunctive  ;  Causal 
and  Concessive,  with  Subjunctive 
alone  ;  cf.  cum  .  .  .  companiisset, 
Ch.  2  ;  rum  .  .  .  haberent,  Ch.  2  ; 
cum  .  .  .  eaisscnt,  Ch.  18. 

I  decern  et  octo  aiiiios  natus 
(ndscor):  '  havini;-  been  born  eigh- 
teen years'  =  'eighteen  yeai-s  old.' 
The  more  common  expression  for 
the  numeral  is  (hiodev'Kjint'i.  Cf. 
annorum  trium  et  vlgintl,  Hk.  II, 
Ch.  (5 ;  (ninuia  aijtns  v'lcesiiiium 
aetruh,  P>k.  Ill,  Ch.  7. 

o.  urbem  exigiiam  remains  of 
this  Lily  arc  siiii  lound  on  the  Fala- 
tiiu'  FIJI], 

Palatmo  moiite  ;  tlie  Palatine 
lliil,  MiK'  oi  liit  ^.ivt'H  hills  of  Kome. 
The  othei-s  were  the  Capitoline,  Qui- 
rinal,  Aventine,  Ksquiline,  Viminal, 
and  Ca»d);)n. 

XI  Kal.  Maias  :  the  full  expres- 
sion would  be  iuite  diem  undecimum 
Kalendds  Maids,  April  21.  '•  In  the 
Human  calendar  it  coincided  with 
'li'  i'alilia,  or  feast  of  Pales,  the 
guardian  divinitv  of  shepherds." 

(5.  Olympiadis  ;  the  Greeks  reck- 
oned time  by  periods  of  four  yeai-s, 
called  Olympiads  from  the  Olympian 
Games,  which  were  celebrated  at 
that  interval.  The  starting  point 
was  770  B.C.  Hence  the  third  year 
of  the  sixth  Olympiad  would  be 
75;]  B.C.  Some  prefer  to  recognize 
754  as  the  date  of  the  founding  of 
the  city. 

^  n.  2.  ^.  condita  cTvitate  :  '  the 
city  having  been  founded  *  =  •  when 
the  citv   had  been  founded.'      The 


student  should  ascertain  by  analysis 
of  the  thought  what  the  Ablative 
Absolute  is  intended  to  represent, 
and  should  translate  it  accordingly. 
The  literal  translation  should  seldom 
be  used.  Civitate  =  nrbe,  a  late 
usage,  frequent  in  Eutropius.  The 
usual  expression  is  nrbe  condita,  but 
Eutropius  places  the  participle  first 
for  emphasis. 

Romam  vocavit  :  according  to 
J^anciani,  Roma  is  derived  from 
Bumoifj  "  river.'  Roma  then  would 
mean  'the  town  by  the  river,'  and 
Ronudus,  '  the  man  from  the  town 
by  the  river'  {Anc.  Borne,  p.  o7). 
Mommsen  claims  that  Ramnes,  the 
early  name  by  winch  the  Romans 
were  called,  means  'bushmen.' 
Hence  Roma  would  be  '  the  town  of 
the  bushmen'  (Mommsen,  History 
of  Home,  Vol.  I,  p.  71). 

VK  fere:  -about,'  indicating  that 
tiie  statement  is  a  loose  one. 

10.  centum  ex  senioribiis  :  'a 
hundred  of  the  elder.-,  ,  r./  or  de 
with  cardinal  numerals  is  regularly 
used  instead  of  a  Partitive  Genitive. 
Tarqiunius  Triscus  doubled  the  num- 
ber of  the  senators,  Ch.  6.  Before 
the  end  of  the  regal  period  the  num- 
ber was  increased  to  300.  Sulla 
added  300  equites.  Julius  Caesar 
raised  the  number  to  000.  Augustus 
reduced  it  to  600.  For  the  duties 
of  the  senate  see  Ihne,  Ch.  XI ; 
Tighe,pp.40, 115;  Mommsen,  pp.  18, 
19,  45,  46. 

12.  uxores :  object  of  haberent. 
Emphatic  on  account  of  its  position 
before  the  subject  of  the  verb. 


Page  8] 


«*  I'ES 


1< 


Vxiiv:  8.  1.  eaiuni  :  the  ante- 
cedent  i<   })t'itiun('s. 

commotis  bellis  :  lit.  '  wars  hav- 
ing been  aroused  '  =  •  when  war  had 
been  aroused '  ;  cf.  condita  civitate, 
Ch.  2. 

pi  opt.  ei  I  apt di  um  iiu ui  laiii ;  1  i t . 
'on  account  of  the  wrong  of  the 
stolen  (maidens)  '  =  '  on  account  of 
the  wrong  done  by  stealing  the 
maidens.'  With  raptdrum  so.  rir- 
ginum. 

4.  noji  coinpaiiiibHet :  lit.  'he 
had  not  appeared '  =  ' he  had  dis- 
appeared. ' 

5.  ad  decs  Tiansisse:  lit.  'to 
have  gone  across  to  the  gods'  =  'to 
have  been  translated.' 

6.  per  quinos  dies  :  '  through 
five  days  each.' 

Cir  3  "^  rex:  predicate  Nomi- 
native. 

bell 'am  :  emphatic  by  position  as 
well  as  by  the  use  of  quidem.  "  The 
statement  that  during  the  forty-three 
years  of  Numa's  reign  l?ome  en- 
joyed uninterrupted  peace  cannot 
be  looked  \\\)o\\  as  anything  but  a 
fiction  or  a  dream." 

11.  consnetudine  proeliorum  : 
'because  oi  liien-  habit  of  (waging) 
war.' 

iam  .  .  .  putabantur :  •  were 
begiiniing  to  be  thought  *  ;  note  the 
force  of  the  Imperfect. 

12.  in  decern  :  Eivy  I,  XIX,  says 
in  f??/'i'7-  /-/),)  inenses. 

13     aliqiia  —  Tdld. 
coiiiusuui.  'confused'  ;  modifies 
annvm  and  is  modified  by  prius. 
14.  moibo  :  i.e.  a  natural  death 


as  contrasted  with  a  death  by 
violence. 

Cn.  4.  16.  huic  sticcessit  :  lit. 
'  to  this  one  sueci  i;<n-u  =:  -  iji,>>  suc- 
cessor wn-"  ■  'v**<'  tlie  emphasis. 

hic  belia  lepaiavit:  in  allusion 
to  the  former  activity  of  Ronndus 
in  that  divpction. 

17.  Aibauus  :  Alba  Longa,  the 
most  ancient  town  in  Latium,  is 
sjud  to  have  been  built  by  Ascanius, 
and  to  have  colonized  Rome.  After 
its  destructiim  by  Tullus  Hostilius 
it  was  never  rebuilt.  Its  inhabitants 
were  removed  to  Rome.  At  a  later 
time  the  surrounding  country  was 
studded  with  the  splendid  villas  of 
the  Roman  aristocracy.  Livy,  Bk.  I, 
XXII-XW.  gives  an  account  of  the 
conquest  of  the  Albans. 

iinliaii6  the  Roman  milestones 
were  set  up  at  intervals  of  1000 
paces,  5000  Roman  feet.  <m  the 
ndlitary  roads.  They  gave  the  dis- 
tance from  the  place  from  which  the 
measurement  was  made,  its  iianu*, 
the  name  of  the  person  who  erected 
the  stone,  and  the  name  of  the 
reigning  emperor.  The  phrase 
means  '  twelve  ndles  from   Rome.' 

1 8.  alii  .  .  .  alii :  '  the  one  .  .  . 
the  other.'  Eutropius  uses  alius 
with  the  meaning  of  aJfrr 

20.  adiecto  Caelio  monte  :  lit. 
'the  Caelian  Hill  having  been  an- 
nexed '  =  '  by  annexing  the  Caelian 
Hiir  ■  of  rnu<i:tr,  ririfqte^  Ch.  2. 

21.  fuiiniiie  ictus:  lit.  'having 
been  struck  by  lightning.' 

Slrsit :  drdeo. 

Ch.    5.    22     ex    fiiia       '  on    his 


ll**^ 


\()  11: 


[Pagks  8,  U 


daughter's  .side.'  Note  peculiarity  :  Marci us,  llie  seuate  aud  people 
of  filia,  U.  80.  2  (4U,  4);  M.  33,  >'.  2  ;  '  unanimously  elected  Tarquinius  to 
A.  &  G.  3(5,  e  ;  G.  20.  4  :  B.  21,  2,  e.  ;  the  vacant  throne.      His  reign  was 

Pa(;k   9.    1-    laiiicuiLim      Moils  j  distinguished   by  great   exploits   in 
laniculus.    on   the  opposite  side  of  j  war  and  bv  oreat  works  in  peace. 
the  Tiber,  was  united  to  the  city  by  ■      5.  circuni  ;  the  Circus  Maxinuis. 
the  Pons  Sublicius.  It  was  in  a  valley  between  the  Pala- 

civitatem  this  city,  afterwards  tine  and  Aventine  Hills.  Here  the 
called  Ostia,  was  situated  on  the  left  Roman  games  were  held.  At  first 
bank  of  the  river,  about  sixteen  miles  I  the  spectators  sat  on  the  hill  side 


from  Rome.  It  was  used  as  a  port 
for  Rome  until  the  time  of  the 
YAn\nvv. 

•  K  morbS  periit  cf.  mnrho  de- 
ceasit,  Ch.  3. 

«  n    6.    i     PiTscus  Taiquiiiius  = 


and  watched  the  games  being  cele- 
brated in  the  valley  beneath  them. 
Tarquinius  is  said  to  have  been  the 
first  to  introduce  seats.  lu  the  time 
of  Caesar  the  circus  was  1800  feet 
long  and  300  feet  wide,  and  capable 


Tarquinius  Pnsciis.  Whenonly  the  j  of  .seating  180,000  people.  It  was 
«om^^«  and  the  rof/xo?)!*^?*  are  written,  '  enlarged  many  times,  until  in  the 
they  are  often  rever-sed,  especially  ,  fourth  century  it  was  capable  of 
in  late  Latin  The  legend  of  the  ;  seating  385,000  people. 
Tarquins  is  as  follows  :  Demaratus,  |  Ifidos  R5manos  :  the  Lud'i  lin- 
their  ance.stor,  tied  from  (^orinth,  i  w<<;i<,  consisting  of  iiorse  and  chariot 
his  native  place,  and  settled  at  Tar-  |  races,  were  the  oldest  games,  and 
(|uinii  in  Etruria.      He  married  an  |  were  celebrated  originally  in  honor 


Etruscan  wife,  by  whom  he  had 
two  sons,  Lucumo  and  Aruns.  At 
his  death  Lucumo  inherited  all  his 
father's  property.  Although  he  had 
married  Tanacjuil,  a  woman  of  the 
highest  rank,  he  was  excluded  from 
all  power  and  influence  in  the  state. 
Discontented  with  this  he  removed 
to  Rome  with  a  large  band  of  follow- 
ers. He  and  his  companions  were 
received  with  welcome,  and  were 
admitted  to  the  rights  of  Roman 
citizens.  He  took  the  name  of 
Lucius  Tanpiinius,  to  which  Livy 
adds  Priscus,  to  distinguish  him  from 
L.  Tarquinius.  the  seventh  king 
cif  Rome.      At  the  death  of  Ancus 


of  Jupiter  by  victorious  generals  as 
a  part  of  a  triumph.  At  first  they 
lasted  only  one  day,  but  the  time 
was  gradually  increa.sed  until  in  the 
age  of  Cicero  they  lasted  fifteen  days, 
September  4-10 

0.  ad  iiostiani  meinonam :  'to 
our  tiiM' 

7,  vicit     'luphatic  position, 
noil  paiuni  =  nuKjnum  :  '  a  large 

part'  :  cf.  vo)/  cdiupitruiiiiipf.  Ch.  2. 

8.  piimus  .  .  .  iiitravit  ;  'and 
he  was  the  first  to  enter  the  city 
celebrating  a  triumph.'  A  triumjih 
was  a  solemn  procession  in  which  a 
victorious  general  entered  the  city 
in  a  chariot  drawn  by  four  horses. 


Pagk  9] 


ynTKS 


109 


He  was  preceded  by  the  captives  and 
spoils  taken  in  war,  and  was  followed 
by  his  troops ;  and,  after  passing  in 
state  along  the  Via  Sacra,  ascended 
the  Capitol  to  offer  sacrifice  in  the 
Temple  of  Jupiter  Capitolinus.  The 
following  conditions  luul  to  be  com- 
plied with :  (a)  The  general  must 
have  been  dictator,  consul,  or  prae- 
tor, (h)  He  must  have  actually 
commanded  in  the  battle  and  com- 
mence<l  it,  him.self  taking  the  aus- 
pices, (c)  The  battle  must  have 
been  decisive  and  ended  the  cam- 
paign, (d)  The  foes  must  have  been 
foreigners,  and  at  least  5000  of  them 
must  have  been  slain. 

0.  muros  fecit :  he  began  to  sur- 
round the  city  with  a  stone  wall,  a 
work  his  successor,  Servius  Tullius, 
completed. 

cloacas :  the  Cloaca  Maxima  is 
a  .semicircular  tunnel,  14  feet  wide, 
beneath  the  city.  A  part  of  this 
sewer,  about  1020  feet,  is  still  in 
existence,  and  after  a  lapse  of  2500 
years  goes  on  fulfilling  its  original 
l)urpose.  Its  opening  into  the  Tiber 
near  the  Temple  of  Hercules  in  the 
Forum  Boarium  is  still  in  a  good 
.state  of  preservation. 

Cipi  toll  inn  :  the  Temple  of  Jupi- 
ter on  the  Caiiitoline  Hill.  Its  foun- 
dations were  laid  by  Tar(|uinius 
Priscus.  Its  walls  were  raised  by 
his  successor  Servius  Tullius,  and 
Tarquinius  Superbus  completed  it, 
although  it  was  not  consecrated  until 
the  third  year  after  the  expulsion  of 
the  kings.  It  consisted  of  three 
parts,  a  nave  .sacred  to  Jupiter,  and 


two  wings,  the  right  sacred  to  Mi- 
nerva and  the  left  to  Juno.  The 
magnificence  and  richness  of  this 
temple  are  almost  incredible.  It 
was  burned  in  the  time  of  Sulla,  who 
rebuilt  it.  After  being  destroyed 
several  times  it  was  raised  for  the 
last  time  by  Domitian,  who  made  it 
more  grand  and  magnificent  than 
had  any  of  his  predec«^ssors. 

10.  per  .  .  .  filios :  Eutropius 
occasionally  substitutes  per  with  the 
Accu.sative  for  the  Ablative  or  Da- 
tive of  agent ;  cf.  per  eum  multa  a 
constdibus  prospere  {ipsta  sunt,  Bk. 
IV,  10. 

11.  rSgis  §iu8  :  apposition  with 
A  nc'i. 

cui :  cf.  huip  ftnrrpftsit.  Ch.  4. 
Ch.  7.   12.  Seiviiis  Tiiilms  ,  the 
legend  of  Servius  Tullius  is  as  fol- 
lows :  Ocrisia,  his  mother,  was  one 
of  the  captives  taken  at  Corniculum, 
and  became  a  slave  of  TaiuKiuil,  the 
wife  of  Tarquinius  Pri.scus.    Servius 
was  born  and  reared  at  the  palace 
of  the  king.      As  Tanaquil  by  her 
power   of    divination   had   foreseen 
I  the  greatness  of  the  child,  she  per- 
!  suaded  Tanjuinius  to  give  his  daugh- 
I  ter  to  Servius  in  marriage.     At  the 
:  death  of  Tarquinius,  by  the  aid  of 
,  Tanaquil,    Servius    became    firmly 
\  fixed    in    the    royal    power.      The 
great  deeds  of  Servius  were  deeds 
of  peace,  and  he  was  regarded  by 
posterity  as  the  author  of  all  their 
civil  rights  and  institutions.     Three 
important  events  are  assigned  to  him. 
He  reformed  the  constitution  of  the 
state.      He  extended  the  boundary 


lin 


VOTES 


[Pages  9,  10 


of  the  city  and  surrounded  it  with  a 
wail.  He  establislied  an  important 
alliance  by  wliicli  Rome  and  the 
Latin  cities  became  members  of  one 
great  lea.i^ue. 

genitiis  •  ];t.  '  born  '  =  '  the  son.' 

i.;.  quoque  :  as  well  as  Tar- 
(luinius  I'liiciis.  Quoque  nuist  not 
be  confounded  with  quoque,  the  Ab- 
lative of  tlio  prniiiHin  ijiiisqm'. 

15.  fossas  ciicuui  miiruin  :  por- 
tions of  the  iServian  wall  still 
exist. 

1''.  censum  .  the  number  of  Ro- 
man citizens  was  ascertained  every 
five  years,  though  not  always  with 
perfect  regularity,  for  the  assess- 
ment of  taxes  and  the  arrange- 
ment of  military  service.  Originally 
the  kings  took  the  census.  After  the 
establishment  of  the  republic  the 
duty  was  performed  by  the  consuls. 
After  444  b.c,  special  officers,  called 
censors,  had  charge  of  it.  The  cen- 
sus was  concluded  with  the  solemn 
ceremony  of  reviewing  the  newly 
constituted  army,  called  a  lustrum. 

orbem  terrarum  :  lit.  '  the  circle 
of  lands '  =  '  tlif  world.' 

1"^  capita:  'souls';  cf.  our  ex- 
pression '  head  of  cattle.' 

10.  in  agiTs  :  others  than  inhabi- 
tants oi  iu)me  i)ossessed  Roman  citi- 
zenship. 

21.   iixorem     -n.-^  his  wife* 

Tn  8  j:  L  Tarquinius  Su- 
perbus;  L.  iaitjuinius,  called  8a- 
l)erbus,  '  the  Overbearing,'  from  his 
haughty  nianner  and  conduct,  com- 
menced his  reign  without  any  of  the 
forms  of  election.     One  of  his  first 


acts  was  to  abolish  the  rights  that 
Servius  TuUius  had  conferred  upon 
the  plebeians.  All  the  senators 
whom  he  mistrusted  and  all  whose 
wealth  he  coveted  he  put  to  death 
or  banished.  He  surrounded  him- 
self with  a  bodyguard,  by  means 
of  which  he  w^as  enabled  to  do  what 
he  liked.  After  several  successful 
campaigns  his  tyranny  caused  the 
people  to  depose  him  and  drive  him 
from  thf'  o\tv 

28.  eLuitibus  .  lit.  'for  those  go- 
ing '  =  '  as  you  go.' 

24.  Gabios  :  '  the  city  Gabii '  ; 
the  name  of  the  town,  though  plu- 
ral, is  in  apposition  with  nvitdtem. 

P.\«;i  10_  .  Capitoiio  .  here  the 
Capitoline  Hill. 

2.  oppugiiaiis  '  while  besieging 
the  city  '  ;  a  clau.se  with  cum  or  dum 
would  have  been  more  usual. 

4.  eius  :  antecedent  is  L.  Tur- 
qui)iiuft. 

et  ipse  Tai  quinius  iuiiioi  •  also 
a  Tarquin  (but)  younger '  =  ' who 
was  also  called  Tanjuinius '  ;  his 
praenomen  was  Sextus. 

0.  Lncretiani  :  for  the  interest- 
ing story  of  Lucretia,  see  lite  Story 
of  the 'Romans,  p.  (52. 

eandemque  :  '  who  was  also  '  ; 
H.  508,  ;]  (451,  3) ;  M.  446,  1  ;  A.  & 
G.  195,  e ;  G.  310  ;  B.  248. 

6.  stnprasset :  '  had  offered  vio- 
lence tu.  ■  SLuprdsset  iov  stUjirCivis- 
set,  cf.  re(fn(lss(t,  Ch.  4. 

7.  questa  fuisset :  for  qnesta  es- 
set.  Kut  ropius  generally  uses  essem, 
etc.,  in  the  Pluperfect  Passive  Sub- 
junctive.    For  other  exceptions  see 


Pages  10,  11] 


XoTKS 


111 


Bk.  II,  9,  22.  He  ordinarily  uses 
fueram,  etc.,  for  eram  in  the  Plu- 
perfect Pa.ssive  Indicative. 

8.  paipns  ct  ipse:  'a  relative 
likewise,'  i.e.  as  well  as  Collatinus. 
He  was  the  son  of  Marcus  Inn  ins 
and  Tarquinia,  the  second  daughter 
of  Taniuinius  Superbus.  He  was 
called  'Brutus,'  i.e.  'the  Stupid,' 
on  account  of  the  mental  imbecility 
he  feigned  to  deceive  Tarquinius. 
Parens,  '  relative,'  a  late  meaning. 

10.  eum  :  refers  to  the  king. 

qui :  anteeedent  is  exercitus. 

V-).  regnatum  eat:  lit.  'it  was 
ruled  '  "  '  the  dynasty  lasted.' 

14.  amiis  .  Eutropius  and  some 
other  post-classical  writers  use  the 
Ablative  of  Time  within  which  for 
the  Accusative  of  Duration  of  Time. 
'I'he  Ablative  makes  prominent  the 
limits  that  mark  the  time. 

15.  ubi  pluuiiiiini  ;  lit.  'where 
most '  =  '  at  the  most,'  at  the  place 
of  the  widest  extent. 

Ch.  9.  17.  hiuc  :  '  from  this  time.' 
consules  ;     at    first    they    were 
C'AWi^d praetores, '  leaders.'    The  con- 
suls were   elected  by   the   Comitia 
Centuriata,   the  new  a.s.sembly   or- 
ganized by  Servius  Tullius. 
coepere  =  roeperunt. 
18.  alter  cum  :    note   the   fond- 
ness of  the  Latni  for  antitheses.     It 
tends  to  place  contrasted  words  near 
each  other.      Often  the  observance 
of  this  is  of  a,ssistance  in  determin- 
ing the  meaning  of  a  pas.sage. 
20.  annnnm  :  'lasting  one  year.' 
haberent :    the   clause   ne   .    .    . 
haberent  is  the  Subject  oi  placuit. 


21  I  eddeiciitiir  :  cf.  roerceret, 
above. 

civil es  :  lit.  'like  citizens' = 
'  good  cuizens.' 

2."].  ab  expulsis  legibufe  :  'after 
the  expulsion  ol  Liie  Kings  ;  '  cf.  post 
reges  e.ra('tos,  Vh.  11. 

24.  maxime  .  .  .  peiieictur: 
'  hau  .K.iiv:  the  most  i<'  «Uivc  -lUt 
Tarquinius  ' 

25.  Tarquimo  .  cf.  Isdem,  Ch.  0. 
Note  the  emphasi- 

Paok  11,  1.  maneict:  cf.  habe- 
rent. '\havp. 

o.  L.  Vaieiiub  Fubiicoia  i^ivy, 
Bk.  II,  2,  calls  him  rnblius  Valerius. 
Owing  to  his  efforts  to  secure  the 
rights  of  the  plebeians  and  f<n-  his 
popular  measures  he  was  called  Pul>- 
licola,  'the  Partisan  of  the  People.' 
He  secured  the  passage  of  the  Vale- 
rian law  giving  to  every  citizen  con- 
demned on  a  capital  charge  the  right 
of  appeal  to  the  people. 


Cn.  10 


ill  viceni  se 


each 


other  in  turn.'     As  the  l^atin  has  no 
reciprocal  pronoun  it  is  compelled  to 
resort  to   various  circumlocutions; 
cf.  Caesar,  Bk.  I.  1,  inter  se,  Bk    II 
10,  alius  aliitm  circumspectant. 

8.  tamcii  :  although  both  the 
leaders  were  slain. 

10.  per  annum  •  cf.  annum  luxe- 
runt,  Ch.  11. 

11.  quo  niorb5  mortuo  :  'and 
when  he  iiad  uieu.  iiie  batin  rela- 
tive is  very  often  best  translated  by 

i  '  and  '  with  a  personal  pronoun.    For 
I  the  case  of  morbb,  cf.  morbo,  Ch.  3. 
12    itenim  :  construe  with  s?7j/i;)- 
\  sit. 


11 


Ni/rKS 


[Pagks  11,  12 


Cii.  11.  lb.  PorseDiia.  l^ars  Poi- 
senna,  kinp;  of  Clu.siuiu  in  Etruria. 
He  aided  the  Tar(]uiiis  a.s  they  had 
come  from  Etruria.  Hee  Macaulay's 
LaNn  'if  A»i^i^)>f  J^omp.  Tforatius. 

R5mam  paene  cepit :  Ihne 
(p.  81))  thinks  that  by  this  is  meant 
that  the  Etruscans  conciuered  the 
city. 

22.  Tusculuni  :  said  to  have  been 
founded  by  Telegonus,  the  son  of 
Ulysses.  It  was  always  one  of  the 
most  important  of  the  Latin  towns, 
and  was  a  favorite  resort  of  the 
Roman  aristocracy.  Cicero  had  a 
villa  there. 

24.  c6iise2niit  :  lit.  '  he  grew  old  ' 
=  '  lived  to  be  an  old  man.' 

2(5.  de  his  :  '  over  them  '  ;  the 
regular  expression  used  for  a 
triumph  celebrated  for  a  victory 
over  an  enemy. 

Tage  12.  -  fataliter  :  lit.  'by 
fate  '  =  '  a  natural  tleath  '  ;  cf.  morhb 
decessitj  Ch.  3. 

3.  nummls  :  '  money  '  ;  particu- 
larly small  C(»ins. 

sumptnm  habiiem  sepiiituiae  ; 
'  hiui  liif  col  vi  a  Miiiuii,  1. 1',  was 
buried  at  public  expense. 

qiiem  :  note  its  positii^n. 

(  ii.    12.      5.     gener     TaiC]ra3ii 
Manilin<  Octavius  of  Tusculuu,. 

7.  dictatura  :  at  times  of  great 
danger,  when  it  was  necessary  for 
one  man  to  hold  the  supreme  power, 
a  dictator  was  appointed  by  one  of 
the  consuls  on  the  nomination  of 
the  senate.  The  office  was  for  six 
months ;  but  in  case  the  specific 
object  for  which    the  dictator  was 


appointed  was  accomplished  before 
that  time,  he  resigned.  Ihne,  p.  118  ; 
Tigh<',  p.  n.^. 

8.  magibLei  eqiut  uiii  :  hv  was 
aid-de-camp  to  the  dictator  and  was 
appointed  by  him.  In  the  absence 
of  the  latter  he  became  the  repre- 
sentative of  the  dictator. 

9.  neque  potestati : '  neither 
can  anything  be  said  to  be  more 
similar  than  the  ancient  dictatorship 
to  the  imperial  power  which,'  etc. 
Imperiiua  was  the  regular  term  for 
the  power  possessed  by  the  magis- 
trates. Here  it  refers  to  the  power 
of  the  emperor. 

Eutropius  explains  for  the  benetit 
of  his  readers  the  ancient  dictator- 
ship, which  had  long  since  fallen 
into  disuse,  by  comparing  it  to  the 
power  possessed  by  the  emperor. 

11.  TranquillitaftVestra :  'Your 
Serene  Highness'  ;  \  aiens,  Emperor 
of  the  East,  304-378  a.d.  "Other 
titles  used  of  the  emperors  were 
Aeternitds  Tua,  dementia  Tua^ 
Serenitds  Tiia,  MCujnitMb  Tna, 
Mil  i  est  as  Tuay 

Vestra  :  in  Latin  of  the  classical 
period  tua  would  have  been  used,  as 
only  one  person  is  referred  to.  In 
late  Latin  the  pronouns  of  the  second 
person  plural  take  the  place  of  the 
singular,  just  as  'you'  has  taken 
the  plnro  of  '  thon.' 

13.  sub  ciictatuiae  ii5miiie:  in 
45  B.C.  Caesar  was  made  perpetual 
dictator. 

Cii  13  i  popuIus=p?^6.s'here. 
Pojndus  is  a  collective  noun,  and  so 
takes  a  singular  verb. 


l'A..l>  IL'-IIJ 


NOTES 


i 


i  'J 


tamquam  :   '  < »n  the  ground  that ' ; 
a  late  meaning. 

18.  tribunos  plebis :  these  magis- 
trates, elected  by  the  plebeians  in 
an  assembly  of  their  own  (Comitia 
Tributa"),  were  invested  with  the 
right  of  'intercession,'  by  which 
they  could  stop  all  legislation  that 
they  judgetl  to  be  harmful  to  the 
plebeians.  To  make  their  interces- 
sion effective  they  were  declared  to 
he  sacrosanrti^  i.e.  '  inviolable,' and 
the  curse  of  outlawry  was  pronounced 
against  any  one  who  harmed  them. 
The  P'irst  Secession  of  the  Plebeians, 
as  this  was  called,  was  the  beginning 
of  a  long  struggle  between  the  orders, 
and  terminated  in  the  complete  polit- 
ical e(juality  of  the  plebeians.  Ihne, 
Ch.  Xni  ;  Creighton,  p.  12  ;  Tighe. 
p.  91. 

10.  per  quos  -  '(/  per  eua. 

r.u.i;  13.  ^  "•  ^^  -■  quam  habe- 
bant  optimam  =  <>j>tiiii<iiu  'jiiam 
Jialjebant. 

Cm.  15.  o.  Q.  Marcius  :  called 
Coriohlnus  from  the  city  Corioli, 
which  he  had  concpiered.  Ihne. 
p.  155;  Creighton.  p.  21. 

8.  oppugnaturus  :  the  Participle 
=  opitTujui'irlssd. 

9.  patriam  suam  ;  '  his  native 
city.' 

12.  secundus :  really  the  first 
after  Taniuinius,  but  the  second  in 
order.  In  an  enumeration  of  a 
series  the  Latin  generally  includes 
the  stRrtincf  point. 

Ch.  16  :  •  C  Fabio  c  L  Vn- 
ginio  consulibus  :  lit.  •  C.  Eabius 
and  L.  Virginius  being  consuls '  =  '  in 
HAZ.  El  TROPirs  —  8 


ihi- consulship  of,' etc.  Om-  ol  tlic 
regular  ways  of  dating  events  in 
Latin  is  to  give  the  names  of  the 
consuls  for  th.at  year.  Another  is 
to  reckon  the  time  from  the  found- 
ing of  the  city  ;  cf.  ah  nrhe  cnndita, 
Ch.  18. 

15.  qui  .  .  .  erant :  '  who  be- 
longed to  the  Fabian  houschoUl'; 
cf.  centum  ex  seniorihus,  Ch.  2. 

1().  promittentes  .  .  hiipien- 
dum  :  sc.  esse;  '  promising  the  sen- 
ate and  the  ])eoi>le  that  the  whole 
contest  would  be  ccunpleted  by  them- 
.selves.'  Promittb  regularly  takes 
the  Future  Intinitive. 

IS.  qui  siiiguli  :  'each  one  of 
whom.' 

debereiit :  cf.  esset.  (^li.  15. 

HI.  unus  omnTno  ftnpeifuit  :  see 
Ihne.  p.  I«i3. 

PAfii;  14.  C'li.  17.  1.  sequent! 
tamen  amio  :  in  the  year  alter  tli* 
con>iils  mentioned  in  the  last  chai>- 
ter. 

3.  Qumtius :  generally  written 
QnhtrtiKS.  He  held  the  dictatorial 
power  for  fourteen  days  only,  and 
having  completed  his  work  returned 

!  to  his  farm.     Later   he   wa.s  again 
I  appointed  dictator,  and  again  proved 
himself  to  be  the  deliverer  of  his 
'  country. 

4.  in  opere  et  arans:  the  post- 
classical  writers  seem  to  strive  al- 
most as  nuich  to  avoid  unifoinity 

\  in  expression  as  the  classical  writers 
I  strive  for  it. 

5.  togam  praetextam  by  me- 
tonomy  the  badge  of  office  is  put  for 
the  office  itself.     The  toga  praetexta 


1  ]  I 


NO'f^KS 


[Pages  14-16 


had  a  red  border  woven  in  it.  It 
was  the  badge  of  office  of  the  higher 
magistrates  and  priests.  It  was 
worn  by  boys  also  until  they  reached 
the  age  of  manhood  and  by  girls 
until  they  married. 

Ch    18    7    altero  =  seanidd. 

ab  uibe  coiidita:  'from  the 
foundin-      ■      ';     tiU. 

9.  decemviri :  the  laws,  which 
the  decemvirs  codified,  known  as 
the  Twelve  Tables,  remained  the 
foundation  of  Roman  law  for  a 
thousand  years.  They  were  en- 
graved on  twelve  bronze  tables  and 
were  set  up  in  the  Forum  that  all 
might  read  them.  Every  school- 
boy was  required  to  commit  them 
to  memory.  For  an  account  of  the 
decemvirs  and  their  legislation,  see 


Ihne, 

p.    167  ; 

Creighton,    p.     16  ; 

Tighe. 

p.  95. 

10. 

ex    hi3 : 

cf.    ex   senioribus, 

Ch.  2. 

1  i 

VirginT 

.  .  .  filiani:  see  Ma- 

caulay's   Lays    of   Ancient    Eome^ 
Virfjinia;  Ihne,  p.  173;  Creighton, 
p.  16. 

13.   quam    :  sed  earn. 

Cn  19  i  FTdenates  the  town 
of  Fidenae  is  said  to  have  been  colo- 
nized by  Romulus.  It  frequently 
revolted  and  was  as  frequently  re- 
taken by  the  Romans.  After  its 
destruction  in  437  b.c.  it  was  re- 
built. 

'jn,    coiiiilnxeruiit  se     'united.' 

Px  i  15.  2.  victi  .  .  .  perdi- 
derunt ;   •  Lhey  were  conquered  and 

Ch   20    P   Veieiitani     i lit  v  were 


engaged  in  almost  unceasing  hos- 
tilities with  the  Romans  for  more 
than  three  centuries  and  a  half. 

5.  ipsos  =  eos.  Eutropius  often 
uses  qi^r  lor  is. 

<».  acie :  note  the  difference  of 
meaning  between  exercitus,  iigmen, 
acirs.  and  ropine. 

diu  obsidens:  the  siege  is  said 
to  have  lasted  ten  years. 

8.  et  Faliscos :  in  classical  prose 
etiam  would  have  been  used. 

9.  quasi :  '  on  the  ground  that '  ; 
a  late  meaning. 

divisisset:  cf.  preme)'i:tur,  Ch. 
13. 

11.  Gain  Senones:  see  Ihne, 
Ch.  XXI;  Creighton,  p.  25;  The 
Story  of  the  Rormtns,  p.  104. 

12.  apud  f lumen  AUiam :  the 
tight  occurred  on  .July  16,  which 
was  henceforth  considered  as  an  un- 
lucky day. 

seciiti  .  .  .  occupaverunt :  cf. 
vict'i  .   .  .  perdiderunt,  Ch.  19. 

15.  obsiderent :  cf.  sustineret^ 
Ch.  18. 

21.  et  ipse  :  'he  too,'  as  well  as 
Romulus. 

Book  II 

Pagk  113  -'"  ^  ''  'f"iib~inT  in^i 
tarSs  corisiiiAii  pote state :  six 
military  uibuufs  with  consular  pow- 
ers and  consular  duration  of  office 
were  elected  by  the  Comitia  Centu- 
riata.  The  office  was  open  alike  to 
patricians  and  plebeians.  This  was 
a  compromise  measure  on  the  part 
of  the  patricians  when  they  were 
forced  to  yield  to  the  demands  of 


Paoks  16,  17] 


NOTES 


il: 


the  plebeians  to  be  admitted  to  the  3.  Ameiiem  .  the  Anio,  a  tribu- 
consulship.  All  the  rights  of  the  tary  of  the  liber.  Auienem  is  Ac- 
consulship  were  given  to  them  by  cusative  from  the  old  Nominative 
this  means   without   the   honorary    Anien. 

privileges  the  holding  of  the  office       nobilisbimua :     lit.    *of    highest 
of  consul  conferred.     Each  year  the    M'tl.  '     x^dNO.  cf.  nosed. 
people  determined  whether  consuls        de  benatoiibub:   cf.  tx  senwn- 
or  military  tribunes  with  consular    ^*^s'.  Hk.  I.  2. 

power  should  be  elected.  From  the  4.  L  Manlius  his  name  is  gen- 
time  of  the  creation  of  the  tribunes  erally  given  as  Titus.  I  he  Story  (f 
with  consular  power  until  the  open-  the  Bomans,  p.  106. 
incr  of  the  consulship  to  the  pie-!  ^-  sublato  .  .  .  imposito  :  ^  hav- 
beians  in  367  h.c,  the  tribunes  were  ,  ing  taken  off  his  (the  Gaul's)  golden 
elected  iifty  times  and  the  consuls  '  necklace  and  having  placed  it  on  his 
twenty-three.  The  plebeians  were  i  own  neck'  ;  cf.  condita  clcitdte,  Bk. 
kept    out    of    the    office    until   400 1  I,  2. 

B.C.     Moinmsen,  p.  63;   Tighe,  p.        «',.  in  perpetr.  un     'forever.' 
^^^^y  j      7.  fugati   sunt:    note  the  differ- 

4.  hinc  :  cf.  hine,  Bk.  I,  9.  |  ence  in  form  and  meaning  between 

7.  tres  .  .  .  egit  :  i.r.  a  ivi\in\\)h    fu'jdre  luid  fugere 


for  each  of  the  ciiies. 

Cii.  2.  11.  sub  ipsTs  :•  under  the 
direction  of  these'  ;  i.e.  the  citizens 
of  Praeneste. 

12.  Romanis :  note  the  name  of 
the  people  lor  that  of  the  city. 

14.  decretus:  sc.  est  from  the 
sunt  preceding. 

Cn.  3.  16.  placuit:  lit.  'it  was 
pleasing'  =  'they  determined.' 

17.  ita  fluxit:  lit.  'it  flowed  so' 
=  '  there  was  such  disturbance.' 

Cn.  4.  21.  I  Genucio  .  .  con- 
sulibus:  cf.  C.  Fahio  .  .  .  eOnsu- 
Ubus,  Bk.  I,  16. 


8.  non  niulto  post:  lit.  'not 
after  by  much  '  =  '  not  long  after.' 

9.  mllia  captTvomm  it  was 
customary  to  adorn  lue  procession 
of  the  victorious  general,  when  he 
was  celebrating  a  triumph,  with  the 
captives  he  had  taken  in  the  cam- 
paign. When  the  procession  passed 
up  the  Capitoline  Hill  to  the  Temple 
of  Jupiter,  the  captives  were  led 
aside  to  the  Mamertine  prison  at  the 
foot  of  the  hill  and  were  .strangled. 

Cii.    6.    11.    LatinT :    Creighton, 

p.  27. 

12.    miiites    piaestaie  :    it    was 


22.'  honor  .   .  .  delatus  est :  lit.  I  the  custom  of  liome  to  compel  the 


'honor  second  after  Romulus  was 
conferred  upon  him  '  =  '  honor  sec- 
ond to  that  of  Romulus,'  *■*'' 

Page    17.    Cn.    5.    2,    nuiiino: 
cf.  mlUdrio,  Bk.  I,  4. 


states  she  had  subdued  to  furnish 
soldiers  for  the  Roman  army.   These 
were  used  as  auxiliary  forces, 
ex  RomauiS     cf.  ex  senioribus, 
I  Bk.  I,  2. 


ll»i 


NOTES 


[Pages  17,  18 


13.  qui  iiioci'S  =  modua  qui;  'a 
force  %v]iicli  ' 

14.  paivis  .  .  .  lebua  :  '  although 
up  to  this  time  the  Koiuan  state  was 
small.' 

16.  quae  -  ene  lef/iones. 

duce  L.  Furio  :  lit.  '  L.  Furius 
being  the  leader'  =  'under  the 
leadership  of  L.   Furius.' 

17.  qui  esset  optimus :  -who- 
ever was  the  best.' 

18.  se  .  .  .  obtulit :  •  offered  him- 
self.' 

Valerius:  see  The  Story  of  the 
Bohians,  p.  111. 

20.  coinmissa  .  .  .  pugna  :  cf. 
conditd  clvUdte^  Bk.  1,  2. 

21.  alls  et  uiignibiis  cf.  ful- 
mine^  Bk.  I,  4. 

25.  ainiorum  by  a  law  passed 
in  181  ii.(  .,  the  legal  age  of  the 
consulship  was  fixed  at  forty-three. 
There  were  exceptions  made,  as  in 
the  case  of  Cn.  Pompeius,  who  was 
elected  consul  when  he  was  thirty- 
six  years  old. 

Page  18.  Cn.  7.  1.  Latini  : 
Creightoii,  [>.  28. 

2.  ex  eonira :  .sc.  popxilo. 

4.  pugna  .  see  The  Story  of  the 
Jiommis.  n.  1  l;V 

5.  de  his  peidomitis :  'a  tri- 
umph was  celebrated  on  account  of 
their  defeat."' 

<'..  rostiis  :  I  he  Rostra  or  speaker's 
platform  in  the  Forum.  From  it  the 
speaker  could  command  the  entire 
Forum  and  the  Comitium.  In  42 
B.C.  it  was  removed  and  .set  up  again 
at  the  west  end  of  the  Fonim.  An- 
other rostra  was  constructed  about 


the  .same  time  at  the  opposite  end, 
in  front  of  the  new  Temple  of  Divus 
Julius. 

7.  Alexandre  Macedone  :  Al- 
exander the  Great. 

Cn  8  '.  Samnitas :  a  Greek 
form  of  the  Accusative.  The  8am- 
nites  were  offshoots  of  the  Sabines. 
occupying  the  hilly  country  between 
the  Nar,  the  Tiber,  and  the  Anio. 
Their  bravery  made  them  the  most 
formidable  rival  of  Rome  in  Italy. 
In  290  B.C.  they  were  .subjected  to 
Home. 

12.  Q  Fabio  Maximo  :  called 
liUUidnati.  This  Fabius  was  five 
times  consul  and  dictator  twice.  He 
triumphed  over  the  Samnites,  Marsi, 
Gauls,  and  Etrurians.  He  was  the 
great-grandfather  of  Q.  Fabius  ]Maxi- 
mus,  the  hero  of  the  Second  Punic 
war. 

14.  se  absente  :  'while  he  (Pa- 
pTrius)  was  absent." 

10.  capitis  damnatus  :  lit.  '  hav- 
ing been  condemned  of  the  head'=: 
'  having  been  condemned  on  a 
capital  charge '  ;  cf .  our  expression 
'  capital  puni.shment.' 

se  vetaiite  :  cf.  parvlf<  .  .  .  i-ebns, 
j  Cli.  0.  Se ;  the  antecedent  is  Fapl- 
I  rius. 

'■      Cn.  9.   10.   T    Veturio  .  .  .  con- 
sulibus  :   cf.  C.  Fahio  .  .  .  consiiU- 
I  bus,  Bk.  I,  10. 

j  21).  vicerunt :  at  the  battle  of 
the  Caudine  Forks,  a  narrow  pass 
east  of  Campania.  The  commander 
of  the  Sanniites  was  Gavins  Pontius. 
See  The  Story  of  the  Bomarni,  p.  113. 

sub  iiiaum  :  the  voke  was  formed 


Pagks  18,  10] 


\^  *  1"KS 


11' 


by  sticking  two  spears  in  the  ground  j 
and  fastening  a  third  on  top.  To  ! 
pa.ss  under  the  yoke  was  a  sign  j 
of  subjection,  and  is  equivalent  to  ' 
our  expression  '  laying  doNvn  arms.'  j 
Livy,  Bk.  L\,  VI,  de.scribes  the 
process. 

2 1 .  pax  .  .  .  soluta  est :  a  Ro- 
man general  could  not  make  peace 
with  the  enemy  without  the  ratifica- 
tion of  the  senate  and  the  i)eople. 

22.  ipsis  :  see  note  on  ipsds,  Bk. 

I.  20. 

facta  fuerat :    see  note  on  facta 

fidssH^  Bk.  I,  8. 

P\(ii:  19.  ■'.  aquam  Claudiam 
induxit :  /.'-.  lu'  built  tlie  atiucduct 
nauKMl  after  him.  It  was  more  com- 
monly called  'Aqua  Appia."  Be- 
tween seven  and  eight  miles  in 
length,  chietiy  under  ground,  it  was 
the  beginning  of  the  magnificent 
system  of  water  works  that  distin- 
guished ancient  Rome.  Four  of 
these  old  a(|ueducts  still  furnish  the 
water  supply  of  modern  Ronu*. 
Lanciani.    \iiripnt  liome,  p.  58. 

4.  viam  Appiam  :  "the  Appian 
road  was  made  in  :U2  b.c.  to  join 
R(nne  to  Capua,  and  was  afterwards 
carried  as  far  as  Brundisium.  This 
'queen  of  roads,'  as  it  was  called, 
was  a  stone  causeway,  constructed 
according  to  the  nature  of  the  coun- 
try, with  an  end^ankment  either 
beneath  or  beside  it,  and  was  of 
such  a  width  that  two  broad  wagons 
could  easily  pass  each  other." 

Q  r  ibiuin  Maximum:  called 
(iunjesi,  the  son  of  Q.  Fabius  Maxi- 
miis,  mentioned  in  Cli.  8. 


0.    datur,  iuibbet     A.  questa  fuis- 
ftet,  Bk.  I,  8. 

7.  ipsorum  :  cf.  ipals,  above. 

10.  per  ami5s  :   cf.  per  annum, 

Bk.  1,  10. 

1 1 .  actum :  '  waged '  ;  agrees  with 

helluiii. 

Cn.   10.    1-.   se  .   .       luiixenuit 
cf.  conian.it' runt  se,  Bk,  i,  ii^ 

15.  deletae  sunt :  The  Story  of 
the  RoiiKiHs,  p.  114. 

Cu.ll.  IT.  Tarentinis:  the  people 
of  Tarentum,  a  rich  and  luxurious 
city  in  southern  Italy.  It  played 
an  important  part  in  the  war  with 
Pyrrhus.  The  whole  of  southern 
Italy  was  known  as  Magna  Graecia, 
on  account  of  the  number  of  cities 
founded  there  by  the  Greeks. 

in  ultima  Italia  :  •  in  the  most 
remote  part  <tf  Italy';  H.  497.  3 
(440,  N.  1);  M.  423;  A.  &  G.  193; 
G.  291,  i;.  2;  B.  241. 

10.  Pyrrhum  .  .  .  auxilium  po 
poscerunt :  '  asked  ai<l  of  Pyrrhus.' 
Pyrrhus  was  regarded  as  one  of  the 
greatest  generals  that  had  ever  lived. 
With  his  daring  courage,  his  mili- 
tary skill,   and  his  kingly  bearing, 
he   might   have   become    the    mo.st 
powerful  monarch  of  his  day.     But 
he  never  rested  satisfied  with  any 
acquisition,  and  was  ever  grasping 
at  some  fresh  object.    For  an  account 
of  the  war  see  The  Story  of  the  Ro- 
mans, pp.  115-121  ;  Creighton,  p.  31. 

20.  originem  trahebat :  '  was 
claiming  descent'  ;  it  was  the  cus- 
tom of  royal  families  to  claim  de.scent 

from  heroes  or  gods. 

21.  primum  :   '  for  the  first  time.' 


118 


\f  >TK< 


[Pages  lU-2\ 


2i 


cepisset:  cf.  latrdcindretiir, 

Bk.  1,  1. 

dfici  cf.  tbe  oonstniction  with 
pracct-pit,  Cli.  8. 

Pa(.!  20.  -*  aiixilio  ci.fulmine, 
Rk,  I.   I 

vicit  although  the  h)ss  of  the 
Uoiuaiis  was  nearly  e(iualed  by  that 
of  ryrrhus,  the  vakie  of  winning  the 
first  battle  was  at  once  shown  by  the 
fact  that  the  Lucanians,  Bruttians, 
Sanniites,  and  all  the  Greek  cities 
joined  Pyrrhus 

0.  quos  .  .  .  vidisset :  '  and  when 
he  saw  them  ly  in<i; '  ;  quos  =  et  ens  ; 
cf   /,*/,■".  ttHiyfin  rnorfun^  Bk.  I,  10. 

adveiso  vuiiieie :  'with  their 
wounds  in  front';  i.e.  they  died 
facinu  the  cikmuv. 

8.  bac  voce:  lit.  'this  voice' 
—  '  tlu'sc  words.' 

Cm.  12  1*  bibi  cf.  Tusc'is Sam- 
nitih}(!^<p(t\  Ch.  10. 

i;].  teiioie  excicitris.  '  on  ac- 
count of  his  fear  of  the  army  '  ;  note 
the  difference  in  meaning  between 
the  Subjective  and  Objective  Geni- 
tive ;  II.  440,  2  (30(?,  Ill);  M.21«;,  1; 
A    .V  G.  217:  G.  m\  2;  B.  200. 

1  f  se  lecepit  :  lit.  '  he  took  him- 
self back'  =  'he  withdrew.'  This 
march  was  merely  a  feint  on  the 
part  of  Pyrrhus. 

15.  honorifice :  the  Romans  al- 
ways regarded  Pyrrhus  as  an  honor- 
able enemy.  Their  feelings  towards 
Hannibal  were  entirely  different. 

1~  Fabriciiini  f\  Fdhririns  Lu- 
srlnu.^.  He  was  consul  for  the  first 
time  283  n.<.,  when  he  triumphed 
over  the   Boii  and  Etrurians.      He 


was  noted  for  his  extreme  frugality 
and  simplicity,  as  well  as  for  his  in- 
tegrity. He  is  cited  by  Cicero  and 
Horace  as  a  type  of  the  Koman  citi- 
zens of  the  best  days  of  the  Com- 
monwealth. 

18.  cognovisset :  cf.  latrucind- 
retur,  iik.  1.  1. 

10.   vohierit :  c(.  Iiahuerit,  Bk.  I, 

11. 

Cii.  13.  -".  pax  dispii cult .  it  is 
said  that  at  lirsL  the  smate  wavered  ; 
but  by  the  energy  of  the  blind  and 
aged  Appius  Claudius,  who  caused 
himself  to  be  carried  into  the  senate 
house,  their  couraire  was  revived. 

leiiiaiidatum  est:  'word  was 
sent  back.' 

Pa(;e  21.  1-  nisi  .  .  posse:  this 
answer  passed  into  a  maxim  of  .state. 

I  ante  .  .  q\iam  :  note  the  fond- 
ness i>f  the  Latin  for  .separating  the 
parts  of  this  and  other  compounds 
of  the  same  nature. 

veterem  :  •  former.' 

binonmi     >  two  apiece.' 

(5.  quaicMii  :  predicate  to  Romani  ; 
'  what  sort  (of  a  city)  he  had  found 
Home  (to  be).' 

7.   comperisset.    cf.     agerentur. 

Ch.  11. 

Cn  14  1^  occlsriinm  cf.  note 
on  promlttentes  .  .  .  implfndnm, 
Bk.  I,  Ch.  1(5. 

81  .  .  .  aliquid:  'if  something.' 
polliceietur:  Imperf.  Subjunc- 
tive repnsenting  the  Future  Indi- 
cative in  Direct  Discourse;  H.  574, 
04(5  (507,  T,  527,  I) ;  M.  :W>,  1,  402  ; 
A.  &  G.  ;W7,  1,  3:17,  a,  3  ;  G.  505, 
K.  1  ;  B.  310,  B. 


Pages  21-23] 


No  i  i.^ 


119 


10.  doiiiiiiuiu:  indicating  that 
the  physician  was  a  .slave,  as  was 
usual  at  that  timo 

23.  Lucaiiih  cl  Saiiuiilibuy ; 
they,  with  the  Bruttii,  had  joined 
Pyrrhus  against  Home.  This  was 
the  second  triumph  vi  Fabricius  ; 
cf.  note  on  Fabricius,  Ch.  12.  He 
was  consul  the  third  time  two  yeai-s 
after. 

l*A(ii  22  -  piinwui:  'he  was 
the  first  to.' 

3.  apud  Argos :  it  is  said  that  he 
perished  ingloriously  in  a  street 
light,  272  B.C. 

Cn.  15.  0.  uibis  couditae :  cf. 
ah  iirbe  conditd,  Bk.  I,  Ch.  18. 

8.  petierant  for  pet'iverant :  tlie 
shorter  forms  are  more  usual  in  this 
verb. 

Cn.  16.  11.  de  his:  cf.  de  his, 
Bk.  I,  Ch.  11. 

12.  civitates  -  11  rhes  :  see  note 
on  couditd  clvitdte,  Bk.  I,  Ch.  2. 

Beneventum :  its  name  is  said  to 
have  been  originally  Mah'vetUuiii, 
and  to  have  beeii  changed  because 
of  the  evil  omen  it  contained.  Tlie 
name  Beneventum  w:is  given  it  in 
271  B.C.  Here  Fabricius  defeated 
Pyrrhus  275  n.c.  It  remaiued  a 
possession  of  the  Romans  during 
the  whole  of  the  Second  Punic  War 
and  was  thanked  by  the  .senate  for 
its  faithfulne.ss  during  that  critical 
period. 

Cn.  17.  If..  Biuiidisini:  the  peo- 
))le  of  Brundisium,  the  modern 
Briudisi.  It  was  a  seaport  of  Ca- 
labria, the  chief  naval  station  of  the 
Homans  on   the  Adriatic  Sea,  and 


their  regular  port  of  departure  for 
Greece. 

Ch.  18.  17.  aiuio  ;  sc.  ab  iirbe 
condifd. 

1-  cxtia  llaliain  ;  "the  Roman 
power  was  now  dominant  through- 
out the  peninsula  to  the  river  Aesis  ; 
the  valley  of  the  Po,  however,  was 
still  reckoned  a  i)art  of  (Jaul.' 

24.  0011*11  Alios;  i.e.  Cartha- 
ginians. Carthage  was  one  of  the 
first  cities  of  the  ancient  world.  It 
was  situated  on  the  north  coast  of 
Africa,  and  was  said  to  have  been 
founded  by  Plioeniclans  from  Tyre 
under  the  leadership  of  Dido. 
Carthage  liTid  been  the  ally  of 
Rome  in  the  war  against  Pyrrhus. 
But  the  growing conmiercial  activity 
of  Carthage  caused  jealou.sy  to  arise 
which  resulted  in  the  three  wars 
for  the  supremacy  of  the  West,  — 
known  as  the  Punic  wars.  Tlie  first 
was  from  2(54  h.c.  to  241  u.c.  Tlie 
.second  218-'202  k.c.  and  the  third 
140-140  B.C.  It  resulted  in  the  cap- 
ture and  destruction  of  Carthage  by 
the  Romans  under  P.  Cornelius 
Scipio  Africanus.  Creighton,  Ch. 
III. 

20.    rege     Biciiiae       iiieione 
Hiero  was  tlu'  king  of  Syracuse  and 
its    dependencies.     Niarly   all    the 
rest  of  Sicily  was  in  the  power  of 
the  Carthaginians. 

Pv<;k  23.    <^'"-   19-   -     ^^^  "^''6 
nae :  'great  operations.' 

;i.  in  fidem  acoeptae  :  sc.  sunt  ; 
'  were  tak«'n  under  their  pri>tection  '  ; 
/.♦'.  they  were  made  tributary. 

Ch.  20.  1      Libuinas:  sc. /iJres; 


^■1^ 


Xr>'rKS 


[Pages  2:3-25 


\> 


these  were  light  vessels  built  after  a  \ 
model  taken  from  the  Liburniaiis,  ' 
a  sea-fariiig  people  that  lived  on  ! 
tlie  east  coast  of  the  Adriatic  Sea. 

12.  Dniliiis  the  victory  of  Dui- 
lius  was  tiue  lo  a  device  by  which  he 
turned  a  naval  battle  into  a  land 
contest.  His  ships  were  furnished 
with  grappling  irons,  by  means  of 
which  he  seized  the  ships  of  the 
enemy  and  then  boarded  them, 
when  the  Roman  soldiers  easily 
proved  themselves  superior  to  the 
Carthaginian  mercenaries.  It  was 
the  first  naval  victory  the  Romans 
had  ever  gained,  and  in  lionor  of  it 
a  column  was  erected  to'the  memory 
of  Duilius. 

17.  possent  :  cf.pufjndKset,  Ch.S. 

ll>.  liicie  -  rM-  /</.s'  loris:  'from 
these  places.' 

20.  tiiuinphuni  egit :  'he  cele- 
brated a  triumph.' 

Ch.  21.  2:'>  pugnatum  :  sc.  est  ; 
'  they  fought.' 

victuH  est  'he  (Hamilcar)  was 
c(m(iuered.' 

_' I  letio  s"-  lecSpit  :  cf.  .Sf'  IV'- 
r'fpit.  V\\.  12. 

l*A<.i  24.  '  "''  deditioncm  ac- 
ceperuiit  •  ilu'V  received  in  .-sur- 
render.' 

■J  usque  ad:  lit.  'even  up  to' 
=  '  as  tar  as. ' 

<'.  decern  et  octo  :  cf.  decern  et 
(hHo,  liiv.  i,  C  ii.   1. 

"-=.  ill  fidem  acoepit  of.  in  fidem 
a(:ceptii(\  in.  i' 

H.  a  Lacedaernomis :  cf.  Fyr- 
rhuiii  .  .  .  aajdniiii  /Kiposrernjit. 
Ch    11.     'Hie  Spartans  were  called 


Lacedaemonii  from  I.acedaenion, 
another  name  for  Sparta. 

Cn.  22  22.  ingenti  piaeda: 
after  a  victory  a  portion  m  the 
booty  generally  was  divi(h'd  among 
the  soldiers. 

23.  subacta   .    .    .    fuisset :    cf. 

quest"  fi(isst'(^  Bk.   I,  H. 

oO.  neque  .   .    .   infractus  fuit : 

lit.  '  neitlier  in  any  one  was  courage 
broken  by  these '  =  •  and  no  one's 
courage  was  broken  by  these  (mis- 
fortunes) . ' 

his :  sc.  cdsibus. 

1'agk  25.  ^"-  23.  4.  continuae  : 
'repeated';  one  following  another 
without  any  break. 

0.  recederetur  :  lit.  •  it  should 
be  withdrawn  '  =  '  they  should  with- 
draw.' 

Ch.  24  8.  Metello  :  a  coin  was 
struck  to  commemorate  this  battle, 
having  the  head  of  Metellus  on  the 
one  side  and  an  elephant  on  the 
other.  Metellus  was  consul  a  second 
time  in  249  n.c,  and  was  elected 
Pontifex  Maxinuis  in  24M  n.c.  In 
241  n.c.  he  rescued  the  Palladium 
when  the  Temple  of  \'esta  was  on 
tire. 

10.  venientem  :  •  oji  his  arrival "  ; 
in  Sicily  from  Africa. 

12.  in  auxilium  :  lit.  '  for  aid'  = 
•  as  auxiliaries.' 

18.  ingenti  pomp5  :  cf.  Hlfinid 
pernicu'.  Ch.  21. 

Ch.  25.  17.  obtineret  ;  •  obtain  '  ; 
a  late  meaning. 

18.  nihil  .  .  .  egit :  •  did  not  act 
at  all "  ;  i.e.  he  made  no  use  of  the 
l)rivileges   enjoyed   by  Roman  citi- 


Pages  25-27] 


NOTKS 


zens,  but  acted  as  a  foreigner  on  the 
ground  that  he  had  lost  his  citizen- 
ship  when  he  had  been  captured  by 
the  enemy.  It  was  so  provide<l  by 
Roman  law,  but  there  was  also  the 
provision  that  when  a  priscmer  re- 
turned he  rectjvered  his  former 
status.  The  story  of  the  return  of 
Regulus  is  ni«»re  than  doubtful. 

20.  uxorem :  according  to  the 
view  he  took  she  had  cea.sed  to  be 
his  wife. 

Ragi:  26.  1  obtinuit :  -he gained 
his  point.' 

2.  nuUus  admisit :  'no  one  ad- 
mitted (to  the  senate)';  i.e.  the 
Romans  refused  to  admit  tli*-  am- 
bassadors. 

;).  negavit  =  d'l.rit  nun. 

4.  mansiirum  :  .sc.  ease. 

Ch.  26.  8.  contra  auspicia  : 
nothing  was  undertaken  by  the  Ro- 
mans without  considting  the  will  of 
the  gods.  In  this  case  the  sacred 
chickens  refused  to  eat,  this  being 
an  unfavorable  omen,  yet  Claudius 
persisted  in  fighting. 

11.  alius:  in  classical  Lathi  alter 
would  have  been  used ;  cf.  (dil  .  .  . 
(tin,  Bk.  I,  4.     L.  Junius  is  meant. 

Cn.  27.  1'.  trecentis  navibus  : 
this  fieet  wsls  not  raised  by  the  htate, 
but  by  private  subscription.  The 
mimber  is  generally  given  as  200. 

IS.  navem  aeger  ascendit : '  em- 
barked with  dittienltv.' 

vulneratus  .  .  .  fuerat :  cf. 
tjHesf'i   fiiissi/.  Bk.   I.  S. 

22.  infinitum  :  •  a  very  great 
(amount  1." 

auri  :  cf.  nr<fe}iti,  Ch.  19. 


24.  VI  iciub  Maitias:  the  full 
express, -i.  «.  v)uld  be  ante  diem  sex- 
turn  Idus  Mart  ids;  cf.  XI  Kal. 
Maids,  Bk.  I,  1. 

25.  tributa  .  .  .  pax  :  peace 
was  granted  finally  on  these  terms  : 
Carthage  was  to  evacuate  Sicily,  to 
give  up  the  Roman  prisoners  with- 
out ransom,  and  to  pay  a  war  indem- 
nity of  3,200  talents, —§4,000,000, 
—  one  third  down  and  the  reniain- 
der  in  ton  annual  ])ayments. 

Pagi  27,  ^  liceret :  -it  might 
be  permitted  '  ;  the  subject  is  redinil 
captlvos. 

4.  redirent :  /^/zeo  generally  takes 
the  Accusative  and  Infinitive,  but  hi 
poetry  and  in  late  prose  it  .sometimes 
takes  nt  with  the  Subjunctive. 

T).  ex  fisco :  •  fr(»m  the  treas- 
ury *  ;  a  late  meaning. 

(u.  28.  <■    0    Lutatius:  Cerrd. 

A    Manlius  ;    lOrqudtus. 

8.  quam  vgnerant :  '  after  they 
ha<l  come.' 

B<M»K    III 

Cii.  1.  12.  Ptoiemaeum  this 
was  the  fauKUis  l't(»l« my  Philadel- 
])hus.  He  was  engaged  in  war  with 
Antiochns  II,  king  of  Syria.  f(»r  a 
long  time,  but  finally  concluded 
peace  with  him  and  gave  him  his 
daughter  in  marriage.  He  wa.s 
noted  for  his  patronage  of  litera- 
!  ture  and  science. 

14.  Antiochus :  this  was  the 
name  of  several  kings  of  Syria.  The 
one  referred  to  here  was  Antiochus 
II.  called  Tlier.s. 

gratias     .   .  ggit :' gave  thanks,' 


li!i: 


XHTES 


[Packs  27,  28 


]►;.    Hieio      more   properly    the  j 
king  of   Syracuse  (See  Bk.   II,  18,  i 
19).     During    his    reign    the    cele- 1 
brated   niathfuiatician   Arcliiniedes 
livt'l.     He  became  the  firm  ally  of  j 
the  Romans,  and  when  the  Second 
Funic  War  broke  out  he  remained 
true  to  his  alliance.    After  the  battle 
of  Lake  Trasi menus  lie  sent  a  fleet 
with  provisions  and  other  gifts   to 
the  Romans  and  also  furnished  them 
with  a  bfvlv  of  light  troops. 

18.    exhibuit:    lit.  'held  out' = 
*presei   t  m." 

Cii.  2.  iw.  qui  bus  sc.  ann'is ; 
cf.  tempor^'.  Ch.  1 

20.  Liguies :  iliey  inhabited  the 
upper  part  of  the  Po  valley.  They 
were  of  small  stature,  but  strong, 
active,  and  brave.  In  early  times 
they  served  as  mercenaries  in  the 
armies  of  Carthage.  They  were  not 
subdued  finally  by  the  Romans  until 
after  a  long  and  fierce  struggle. 
Genua  was  their  chief  city. 

21.  de  his     ef.  de  his,  Bk.  1,  11. 
Pa<.!   28.  ■    Saidinienses    when 

a  revolt  occurred  in  Sardinia,  Rome 
took  advantage  of  the  exhausted 
condition  of  Carthage,  and  de- 
manded the  surrender  of  the  island 
and  an  additional  indenniity  of 
1 200  talents  ($  1 ,500,000) .  Corsica 
was  obtained  in  a  similar  manner. 
This  was  the  beginning  of  the  Ro- 
man provincial  system.  Each  prov- 
ince was  governed  by  a  praetor  and 
])aid  taxes  to  the  Roman  people. 
Jtome  and  Curtlavje.  p.  102  ;  Creigh- 
ton,  p.  ot> 

3.       impellentes ;        nominative 


agreeing  with  Karthdginienses  and 
governing  Sardiniensts. 

Cn.  3.  7.  nfilliim  bellum  habue- 
runt  :  at  Rome  ihere  was  the  su- 
caiieil  Temple  of  Janus,  the  gates  of 
which  were  open  in  time  of  war  and 
closed  in  time  of  peace.  The  gates 
were  closed  only  three  times  from 
the  building  of  the  temple  by  Numa 
to  Augustus,  viz.  by  T.  Manlius,  2-Hi 
B.C.,  and  by  Augustus  in  29  and  25 

B.C. 

8.  semel  taiitujn:  "onlvonce.' 

Numa  Poaipiiio  regiiante  .  cf. 
conduct  civitCttc,  Bk.  I,  2. 

Ch.  4.  10.  illyuos:  the  Illyri- 
ans  lived  on  the  eastern  side  of  the 
Adriatic  Sea.  They  were  a  nation 
of  pirates,  and  made  the  whole  Adri- 
atic and  Ionian  seas  unsafe  for  com- 
merce. Even  the  towns  on  the 
coast  were  not  safe  from  their 
ravages.  The  Romans  sent  a  force 
against  them  and  compelled  them  to 
give  up  their  conquests  anil  to  make 
peace. 

11.  ex  fllyriis:  (/? //Z?/nls  would 
be  more  connnon. 

Ch.  5.  lo.  Ganornm  :  the  Ro- 
mans, recalling  the  terrible  battle 
of  Allia,  Bk.  I,  20,  were  panic- 
stricken  at  first.  A  large  army  was 
raised  and  stationed  at  Arinunum, 
where  the  first  attack  was  exi)ected. 
But  the  Gauls  passed  around  the 
Roman  army,  and,  falling  in  with  a 
small  reserve  force,  utterly  defeated 
it.  Instead  of  hastening  to  Rome, 
they  resolved  to  put  their  plunder  in 
a  place  of  safety.  The  Roman  army 
following   them    met    them   finally 


Pages  28,  29] 


No  1  K.N 


123 


near  Telamon,  where  the  decisive 
battle  was  fought,  and  the  Gauls 
were  annihilated. 

14.  consensit :   'united.' 

15.  Fabio  :  (^.  Fabius  Pictor,  the 
earliest  of  the  annalists.  He  wrote 
in  Greek  an  account  of  the  early 
history  of  Rome.  lie  is  frequently 
quoted  by  Livy. 

17.  tantura  :   '  nlone.' 

Cii.  6.  20.  M  Claudio  Mar- 
cello  :  he  was  five  times  consul. 
This  was  his  first  consulship.  He 
was  one  of  the  chief  generals  of  the 
Romans  in  the  Second  Punic  War. 
He  captured  Syracuse  after  a  siege 
of  two  years  (Chs.  12,  14).  He  fell 
in  battle  208  b.c,  and  was  buried 
by  the  enemy  with  military  honors 
(Ch.  10). 

24.    Mediolanum  :    the    modern 

Milan. 

expugnavit  :  note  the  difference 
between  expmjno  and  oppiuind. 

26.  spolia  :  called  ophna,  were  the 
arms  taken  from  a  hostile  general 
by  a  Roman  general  coiinnanding 
under  his  own  auspices.  They  were 
hung  in  the  Temple  of  Jupiter 
Feretrius  on  the  Capitol.  This 
temple  is  said  to  have  been  built 
by  Romulus,  who  inaugurated  the 
custom.  They  were  won  on  only 
two  subsequent  occasions,  when 
A.  Cornelius  Cossus  killed  Lars 
Tolumnius,  king  of  the  Veii  (Hk.  I. 
19),  and  the  time  mentioned  in  this 
chapter. 

P\r;K  29  ^'"    7.4.  bellum  Pun 
cum  secuiiduni  :  immediately  after 
the  end  of  the  First  Punic  War  the 


Carthaginians  began  to  prepare  for  a 
renewal  of  the  struggle  against  Rome. 
Hannlcar,   the   father  of  Hainiibal, 
cros.sed   over   into   Spain  and   con- 
(juered  a  large  part  of  it.     Probably 
it  was  his  intention   to    make   this 
province    the    basis    of    operations 
against  Italy.     But  death  prevented 
the  realization  of  his  plans.     Has- 
drubal,   his   son-in-law,    took   com- 
mand of  the  empire   llamilcar  had 
founded  in  Si)ain,  and  organized  and 
enlarged  it.     He  founded  the  city  of 
New  Carthage,  which  from  its  situa- 
tion seemed   destined    to  become  a 
second  Carthage  in  commercial  im- 
portance.    In  221  M.( .  he  was  assa.s- 
sinated.     At  his  death  the  command 
was  turnetl  over  to   Hannibal,  the 
idol    of    the   army    and    the    sworn 
enemy    of    the    Romans.       Active 
preparations    were    made.      Forces 
were  assembled,  supplies  were  pre- 
pared, and  when  all  was  ready  Han- 
nibal gave  the  signal  for  war  by  be- 
sieging Saguntnni. 

per  Hannibal  em  :  cf.  jx^r  fVins, 
Bk.  i.  •". 

5.  Saguntum  :  a  town  on  the 
southern  coast  of  S]>ain.  said  to  have 
been  founded  by  the  Greeks  as  a 
tra<ling  post.  It  was  in  alliance 
with  the  Romans,  although  by  the 
terms  of  the  la.st  treaty  with  the 
Carthaginians  independence  was 
secured  to  the  Saguntines  by  both 
■  parties.  The  capture  of  this  town 
'  was  the  first  hostile  act  of  the  war. 
nonip  and  Cartharff,  p.  112  ;  Creigh- 
ton,  i>.  40. 

7.  annum  .  .  .  ae^atis   lit.  'i)nss- 


1lM 


Xn 


iiig  the  tweiitietli  year  of  his  life '  = 
'  being  twenty  years  of  age '  ;  cf. 
decern  et  octb  annus  iidtus,  Bk.  I,  1. 

10.  niTserant     sc.  le(/dtdi<. 

Tit  mandaietur :  lit.  '  that  it  might 
be  L"iiiiiiau(lt'(r  =  •  that  instructions 
might  be  given.' 

11.  dura  responsa  .  the  story  is 
told  that  when  Q-  >^abius,  the  chief 
of  the  embassy,  held  up  his  toga, 
saying,  '  1  carry  here  peace  and 
war  :  choose  ye  which  ye  will  have.' 
'Give  us  which  ever  you  please,' 
replied  the  Carthaginians.  '  War, 
tiien,'  said  Fabius  ;  and  the  decision 
was  greeted  by  the  short-sighted 
acclamations  of  the  masses. 

18.  adficiuiitur:  historical  Present. 

Cii.  8.  1-3.  in  Hispaiiiam :  cf. 
lidmam,  ("ii.  2. 

K;.  Ti  Scnipicmiis:  m\  Long  us. 

17.  A! pes  there  is  a  disagree- 
ment as  to  tiie  pass  by  which  l4an- 
nibal  entered  Italy.  Probably  he 
crossed  by  the  Little  St.  Hernard 
pa.ss,  and  came  into  Italy  near  the 
present  town  of  Aosta.  Creighton, 
p.  41  ;  Bamc  and  Carthago,  p.  118. 

V.)  LXXX  milia  peditiim  the 
number  oi  llie  lorces  oi  iiannibal 
given  here  is  taken  from  L.  Cincius 
Alimentus,  a  Koman  annalist.  He 
was  captured  by  Hannibal,  and  so 
hatl  excellent  opportunities  for  gain- 
ing information. 

21.  Spmproniiii^  Gncchus  :  a 
mistake  oi  i\u(it)|uii>.  li  ssa^  Tl. 
Sempronius  Longus.  In  the  next 
chapter  it  should  be  Sempronius  Lon- 
r/?<s  instead  of  Si  nipr'nin'^  ^'■•'yrrhus. 

Cfi.  9.   2^^.   P  Coineliii-,  ScTpio  : 


|,>  [Pagks  29,  30 

at  the  beginning  of  the  war  he  set 
out  for  Spain,  Ch.  8,  but  finding 
that  Hannibal  had  already  left  and 
was  on  his  way  to  Italy,  he  went  to 
Gaul  to  encounter  the  Carthaginian 
before  he  should  cross  the  Alps. 
Hannibal  was  too  quick  for  hini. 
Scipio  returned  to  Italy  and  awaiteil 
the  arrival  of  the  Carthaginians  in 
Cisalpine  Gaul.  Near  the  river  Ti- 
cinus,  one  of  the  northern  tributaries 
of  the  Po,  the  first  engagement  of 
the  war  took  place.  The  Romans 
were  defeated  ;  Scipio  received  a 
severe  wound,  and  was  only  saved 
from  deatli  by  the  courage  of  his 
son  Publius,  the  future  con(iueror  of 
Haimibal.  P.  Scipio  and  his  brother 
Gnaeus  were  killed  in  Spain,  Ch.  14. 
Home  and  Carthage,  p.  127;  Creigh- 
ton, p.  40. 

P.v<.i:  30.  1-  apud  Trebiam  am- 
nem  :  the  Trebia  is  a  small  stream 
flowing  into  the  Po  from  the  south. 
For  an  account  of  the  battle  see 
Borne  and  Carthage,  p.  loO  ;  Creigh- 
ton, p.  4o. 

2.  multi  .  .  .  dediderunt :  it  was 
Hannibars  policy  io  encourage  the 
conununities  subject  to  Home  to 
revolt  and  to  attach  themselves  to 
his  standard.  Everywhere  he  pro- 
claimed him.><elf  to  be  the  '  Liberator 
of  Italy.' 

3.  Flaminio  .  .  .  ocean  it  ;  this 
battle  took  place  in  tlie  following 
year,  217  n.e.  Hannibal  wintered 
in  the  plains  of  Lombardy,  and  at 
the  approach  of  spring  attempted  to 
cross  the  Apennines.  He  was  driven 
back  bv  a  violent  storm,  and  was 


Page  ;30] 


NOTES 


1  -lo 


forced  to  return  to  his  winter  quar-  ' 
ters.  Later  in  the  year  he  passed 
the  mountains  and  marched  into 
Etruria,  where  he  was  met  by  the 
Romans  under  Flaminius,  who  had 
been  elected  consul  for  that  year,  in 
the  battle  of  Lake  Trasi menus,  in 
which  the  Romans  were  utterly  de- 
feated, and  almost  the  whole  force 
was  annihilated.  Home  and  Car- 
thage, p.  138  ;  Creighton,  p.  43, 

V)  Q  Fabius  Maximus:  was 
the  great-grandson  of  the  (^.  Fabius 
Maxinuis  mentioned  in  Bk.  II,  8, 
and  grandson  of  the  Q.  Fabius  men- 
tioned in  Bk.  II,  0.  He  was  one  of 
the  greatest  generals  of  Rome.  He 
was  chosen  dictator  in  217  n.c, 
after  the  battle  of  Lake  Trasimenus. 
The  policy  he  adopted  is  well  known. 
By  following  Haiuiibal  from  place  to 
place,  by  watching  for  any  error  or 
neglect  on  his  part  and  immediately 
taking  advantage  of  it,  and  by  avoid- 
hig  a  general  engagement,  he  earned 
for  himself  the  name  of  Cunctator, 
'delayer,'  but  he  saved  the  state. 
In  2 IT)  B.r.  he  was  elected  consul 
again,  and  again  employed  the  same 
tactics.  In  210  b.c,  when  he  was 
consul  for  the  fifth  time,  he  recap- 
tured Tarentum  by  stratagem  (Ch. 
10).  He  opposed  the  sending  of 
Scipio  to  Africa,  saying  that  Italy 
ought  to  be  rid  of  Haimibal  first. 

eum  .  .  .  f regit  =  ah  i)iipetn  eum 
prohihuit ;  '  prevented  him  from  at- 
tacking in  force.' 

differendo  piignam :  'by  post- 
l)oning  battle':  i.e.  by  avoiding  a 
decisive  engagement. 


Cn.  10  ^  quadragS«lm6 :  Eu- 
tropius  is  mistaken  in  the  date  ;  it 
was  210  H.r. 

'. '  L  A  c  inilius  Paulus :  father  of 
the  L.  Aemilius  Paulus  mentioned  in 
Bk.  IV,  0,  7.  He  had  distinguished 
hiuLself  in  his  former  consulship 
in  the  war  against  the  Illvrians. 
Against  his  advice  the  battle  of 
Canae  was  fought,  and,  refusing  to 
fly  from  the  field  when  the  battle 
was  lost,  he  was  sslain.  He  was  an 
ari.stocrirt.  and  was  raised  to  the 
consulship  by  that  party  to  counter- 
balance the  influence  of  the  plebeian 
P.  Terentius  Varro. 

13.  impatientia  Varroiiis  :  the 
aristocracy  laid  all  the  lilame  of  the 
defeat  on  \'arro. 

14.  Camiae  :  a  town  of  Ajjulia  to 
the  south  .tl  the  Aufidus,  about  half- 
way between  Canusium  and  the  sea. 
This  was  one  of  the  most  important 
battles  of  the  war.  Although  the 
Romans  greatly  outmnnbered  the 
Carthaginians,  by  the  skillful  ma- 
neuvers of  Hannibal,  they  were 
surrounded  on  all  si<les  and  were 
cut  down  without  mercy.  "  For 
eight  hours  tiie  work  of  destruction 
went  on,  and  at  the  end  oO.OOO 
men  lay  dead  upon  the  groun<l. 
Aemilius  Paulus,  the  Illyrian  hero, 
who,  though  wounded  by  a  sling 
early  in  the  day,  had  clung  to  his 
horse,  heartening  on  his  men,  till  he 
dropped  exhausted  from  his  saddle, 
the  proconsul  Servilius,  the  late 
high-spirited  ma.ster  of  the  horse. 
Minucius,  both  (juaestors,  twenty- 
one  military  tribun*  s.  sixty  senators, 


126 


NOTES 


[Pages  30-32 


ami  an  unknown  number  of  knights 
were  among  tlie  slain.  Nearly  20,000 
Roman  prisoners  were  taken.  Of 
the  rest,  Varro,  with  a  few  horsemen 
only,  escaped  to  Venusia.  Amid  all 
this  slaughter  the  conqueror  had  lost 
only  ooOO  of  his  infantry  and  but 
200  of  that  matchless  cavalry  to 
whom  the  victory  was  mainly  due." 
Home  and  Carthage,^.  100;  Creigh- 
ton,  p.  44. 

16.  paiB  de  exeicitu  =parsex- 
ercitus :  a  very  rare  us-^ge.  . 

18.  accept!  sunt :  '  were  han- 
dled' ;  an  ironical  use  of  the  word. 

20.  nobiltsviiT:  men  whose  an- 
cestors liad  lu'ld  high  office. 

22.  nicntioncni  habere:  usually 
mentlb iw III  Jacere. 

quod    jiriniqTii'n   ante  :   sc.  f((C- 

ttiiii  ei'dl. 

2:>.  mannmissi:  .sc.  siod ;  they 
were  ii  be  rated  because  none  but 
freemen  could  serve  in  the  Koman 
legion- 

Cu,  11.  24.  miiltae  Italiae  civi- 
tates;  -chietlN  .N.iuinitcs  and  other 
south  Italian  states.  The  Greek 
cities  held  to  Home,  and  '  not  one 
Honian  citizen,  nor  one  Latin  com- 
munity, had  joined  TInnnibal.'  " 

Taok  31.  2.  vaiiis  siippliciis  : 
probably  the  Romans  exaggerated 
the  cruelty  and  treachery  of   Han- 

lubal. 

o.  anulorum  these  rings  were 
the  distinctive  badges  of  the  knights 
and  senators. 

7.  cluobus  Scipioiiibiis  P.Cor- 
nelius and  (inaeus,  the  father  and 
uncle  of  r.  Scipio  Africanus.     For 


the  campaign  in  Spain  see  Home 
and  Carthage,  p.  183. 

Cii  12  12.  anno  quarto  post- 
quam  II.  480  (420)  ;  M.  243,  1  ; 
A.  &  G.  250;  G.  393;  B.  223;  of. 
aUqiKit  ann'is  post,  Ch.  0. 

13.  Miicellus:  see  note  on  31. 
Claudio  MdrceUo,  Ch.  0. 

civitatein  -  nrhem;  cf.  conditd 
c'lvitdte,  Bk.  1,  2. 

10.  rex  Macedoniae  PhDippus  : 
although  rhilip  pronnsed  aid,  he 
never  gave  it.  Owing  to  his  fre- 
quent struggles  with  the  states  of 
Greece,  and  the  invasion  of  Macedo- 
nia by  the  Romans,  he  was  compelled 
to  devote  his  undivided  attention  to 
preserving  his  realm. 

21.  proconsulem  :  '  ex-consul '  ; 
at  the  exi)iration  of  his  term  of 
office  the  consul  was  given  a  prov- 
ince to  govern,  under  the  title  of 
proconsul. 

22.  ea  •  tlu- rmtf-ecdent  is.SVo'(?//<m. 
Cn.   13.   -  .  Hispaiiiis:  the  two 

divisions  of  Spain,  Hither  and 
Further. 

28.  missus  tuerat :  cf.  qiiesta 
fnisset,  Bk.  I,  8. 

VM'h:  32.  3.  et  Hasdrubalem: 
'  including  Ilasdrubal.' 

Cn.   14.    H.    an   -  iiib;s       cf. 

ad  quintHra  mllidrium  urhis,  Hk.  I, 
15.  This  was  merely  a  feint  on  the 
part  of  Hannibal  to  draw  the  Ro- 
mans away  from  Capua,  which  they 
were  besieging,  to  the  defense  of 
Rome.      Rome    and    Carthage,    p. 

187. 

IJ  pel  iniiltos  annos :  cf.  per 
annum,  Bk.  I,  10. 


.' 


Pages  32-34] 


NOTES 


12" 


10.  nobilissinii  uibs  Syi^i.ub 
ana  :  ''  So  fell  ISyracuse,  the  virgin 
citv,  which  had  seen  two  Athenian 
armaments  perish  beneath  its  walls 
which  had  for  centuries  saved  Sicily 
from  becoming  altogether,  what  its 
greater  part  then  was.  a  Carthagin- 
ian appanage.  ...  It  fell  to  rise 
no  more,  at  lea.st  to  its  former  opu- 
lence. Its  temples  were  left  stand- 
ing, because  they  would  not  pay  for 
moving  ;  .  .  •  but  the  choicest  works 
of  art  were  swept  off  to  adorn  the 
imperial  city.''  Home  and  Carthage, 
p.  181. 

22.  in  deditionem  accepit :  cf. 
in  deditiotipnt  arnjirrant,  Hk,  11,21. 
24.  consulem :  he  was  praetor, 
not  consul.  He  wa.s  surprised  by 
Hannibal  and  slain  before  Herdonia. 
Paok  33.  Ch.  15.  2.  I  Corne- 
lius Scipio  :  he  is  one  of  the  most 
interesting  characters  in  Roman 
history.  Brilliant  and  versatile,  he 
seemed  to  be  the  favorite  of  fortune. 
When  the  senate  had  resolved  to 
make  one  more  attempt  to  concjuer 
Spain  and  were  looking  for  a  leader, 
he  offered  himself  and  was  sent  with 
1 1 ,000  men.  On  his  arrival  he  found 
the  forces  of  the  Carthaginians  scat- 
tered in  different  parts  of  the  prov- 
ince, and  New  Carthage  defended 
by  a  weak  garrison.  By  a  brilliant 
stratagem  he  captured  this  with  its 
riches  and  munitions  of  war,  207  b.  c. 
Next  he  attacked  Ilasdrubal  at  Bae- 
cula  in  Andalusia.  Although  the 
l?omans  claimed  the  victory,  Ilas- 
drubal escaped  from  his  hands  and 
started  for  Italy  to  bear  aid  tn  his 


brother  Hannibal.  S}>ain  was  left 
to  the  undisputed  pos.session  of  the 
Romans. 

3.  anic"s  ii'uss  .  .  .  viginti:  cf. 
deceni  .  .  .  */«f?<.s,  Bk.  I,  1 .  He  was 
too  young  to  be  elected  to  the  con- 
sulship. 

5.  feiT-  primns  '  almo.st  the 
tirs*  " 

Kait  liaL'iiieni  Hispliuae.  called 
'  .\e»  V.  <o iii.i^t .  Ni »^  iw-ic  on  hel- 
ium Punicnm  secundum,  Ch.  7.  A 
town  still  exists  on  the  same  spot 
bearing  the  name  Cartagena. 

11.  lino  animo  :  'with  one  ac- 
cord.' 

Cn.  16  ,  ♦  Q  Faoiiis  Maxi- 
mus  :  see  note  on  Q.  Fahio  Maximo, 
Ch.  0. 

17.  peciiiiiam  hominuni  ven- 
ditorum  :  Mhe  money  derived  from 
the  sale  of  the  prismiers.' 

18.  ad  fiscum:  cf.  ex  Jisco,  Bk. 
II,  27. 

21.  egregias  res  :  '  extraordi- 
nary exploits.' 

per  se  :  cf.  per  fllios,  Bk.  1,  0. 

22.  L  ScTpi5nem  became  fa- 
mous for  his  victories  in  the  East, 
Bk.  IV.  4. 

23.  Claud}iis  Marcellus  :  see 
note  on  M.  Claudia  Manfllo, Ch.  0. 

Cii  17  20.  res  inch^as  cf. 
egregias  /es,  Ch.  10. 

Page  34.  E  ^  amTcitiqm  ac- 
cepit: cf.  in  deditionem  ai'n  per  Hilt, 
Bk.  II,  21.  It  meant  practical  sub- 
jection in  either  case. 

§  victo  :  sc.  hostr 

2.  obsides  non  poposcit  by 
pursuing  liie  oppo>ii-  *  'ui.-.  lo  that 


12S 


NOTES 


[Ta.jks  :;i-;'.<; 


of  iheC'aitliagiiiiiiu.s  he  hoped  to  win 
over  the  Spaniards. 

Ci!     10  desperans:    'giving 

up  the  liope.' 

().  a  coiisulibus:    construe  with 
hiniiHCis  coiitjtositais. 

7.   a  pud  Sf  nam  :  one  of  the  crit- 
ical battles  ot   liie  world's  history. 
It  is  generally  known  as  the  battle 
of  the  Metaurus,  from  the  name  of 
the  river  near  which  it  was  fought,  i 
The  messenger  sent  by  Ilasdrubal  to 
inform  his  brother  Hannibal  of  his 
coming  fell  into  the  hands  of  the 
Romans.      Nero,  leaving  a  part  of 
his  forces  to  watch  Hannibal,  with 
a  picked  band  hastened  north,  Joined 
the  force  under  Salinator,  defeated 
Hasdrubal,  who  perished  in  the  bat- 
tle, and  returned   to  his   army  in 
Apulia  before  Hannibal  discovered 
his  absence.     It  is  said  that  he  or- 
dered the  severed  head  of  Hasdrubal 
to  be  flung  into  the  camp  of  Hanni- 
bal.    He   '"recognized  the  features 
of  the  brother  whom  he  had  so  long 
and  eagerly  expected,  and  in  them 
sadly  saw  the  doom  of  Carthage." 
Home  and  Carthage,  p.  106  ;  Creigh- 
ton,  p.  4'>. 

12.  ingeiis  aiiiai'as  accessit  : 
lit.  '  great  courage  came  to  in  ad- 
dition' =  'great  courage  was  in- 
spired in.' 

et  ipsl  =  etiam  :  cf.  et  ipse,  Bk. 
1,8. 

Ch.  20.  10.  in  Airicmi  missus: 
the  senate,  led  by  labms,  opposed 
the  sending  of  Scipio,  but  the  people 
forced  that  body  to  accede  to  their 
demands.     Owing  to  the  opposition 


Scipio  was  not  as  well  eipiipped  for 
the  expedition  as  he  should  have 
been. 

divinum  quiddam  :    '  something 
divine.'     The  ancients  believed  that 
great  men   were    inspired    by   the 
gods.      Scipio    pretended    to    hold 
communication  with  Jupiter  Capito- 
j  liiuis.     Probably    he    merely    took 
;  advantage  of  a  popular  superstition. 
I      24.  Syphacem  :      Syphax      had 
driven    Masinissa,    a    Lybian   king, 
from  his  throne.     Masinissa  joined 
Scipio  on  his  arrival  in  Africa  and 
gave  him  valuable  aid.     When  the 
w\ar  was  ended    Masinissa  was   re- 
stored to  his  throne  as  his  reward. 


l*v(;i:35.  Cn.  21.  A.  legati  .  .  . 
petiverunt :  their  purpose  was  t<» 
enable  Hannibal  to  reach  Africa 
and  prepare  for  war  against  Scipio. 

7.  quousque  =  donee:     a     late 
I  usage. 

S.  milia  :  .sc.  Uhrdruin. 

pondo  :   '  by  weight.' 
■      1 1 .  lie  .   .   .  redderent :  Indirect 
Discourse  depending  on  an  idea  of 
commanding    implied    in    Ids  .   .   . 

dedit. 

I      Cn.    22     "'     quibus   prius :    sc. 

,  data   essel  ;    cf.    liis   condicionihus 

\  dedit,  Ch.  21. 

I      20.  quingentis  milibuB  :  Dative, 
object  of  addifis. 

24.  KarUiaeinT  bellum  :  the  de- 
tails or  tiiese  operations  are  imper- 
fectly known.  Rome  and  Carthage, 
p.  222. 

Paoi.  36.  Ch.  23.  2.  ulla  me- 
moria  :  '  within  the  memory  of 
any  one.' 


Pa(;k&  m,  37] 


NOTES 


l-x) 


P).  Scipio  victor .  this  was  at 
the  famous  battle  of  Zama,  one  of 
the  decisive  battles  of  the  world. 
Although  Hannibal  managed  his 
forces  with  his  usual  skill,  and  his 
veterans  fought  like  the  men  who 
had  so  often  conquered  in  Italy,  the 
Carthaginians  were  utterly  defeated. 
This  ended  the  Second  Punic  War. 
Home  and  Carthage,  p.  224  ;  Creigh- 
ton,  p.  4«>. 

0.  milia  :  sc.  JV>r~irnn). 

7.  suppellectilis  :  Nominative, 
the  usual  form  is  supeUex. 

0.  Africanus  :  later  Mdior  was 
added  to  his  name  to  distinguish 
him  from  the  Scipio  Africamis  who 
destroyed  Carthage,  14«3  n.c. 

11.  quam  coeperat  :  cf.  quam 
renerant,  Hk.  II,  28. 


Book   IV 


12. 


Macedonicum :    sc. 

V 


Ch.  1 

bdlnm. 

Cn.  2.  b).  Philippum  :  Piiilip 
V,  king  of  ^Macedonia,  began  to 
reign  220  p..(.,  was  defeated  by 
Flamininus  at  Cynoscephalae  107 
n.c.  and  died  170  n.c.  The  Stortj 
of  the  liomans,  p.  137  ;  Creighton, 
p.  47. 

15.  rem  prospere  gessit :  in  106 
B.C.,  at  the  meeting  of  the  Isthmian 
games,  Flamininus  caused  a  herald 
to  proclaim,  *'  that  the  senate  and 
the  people  of  Rome,  and  their  com- 
mander, Titus  Quinctius,  having 
subdued  Philip  and  the  Macedoni- 
ans, now  restored  the  Corinthians, 
Phocians,  Locrians,  Euboeans, 
Thessalians,     Achaeans,     etc.,     to 

HAZ.   KITKOPIIS  —  \) 


their  freedom  and  independence, 
and  to  the  enjoyment  of  their  own 
\  laws." 

10.  quaterna  niTlia  sc.  Uhrd- 
rum  ;  note  the  luice  oi  ihe  distribu- 
tive. 

pondo  :  cf.  poudo,  Hk    III    21. 

Pa<.i:37.  -•  Nabidem  Nabis, 
the  tyrant  of  Lacedaemon,  had 
seized  the  city  of    \r'"«< 

quibus  voluit  condicioiubus  = 

quil)}is  rojiiif  (US  niudicionihilS. 

in  fidem  accepit :  cf.  in  Jidetn 
aeeeptae,  Bk.  II.  P.>.  This  is  a  mild 
way  of  saying  that  he  made  the 
king  a  subject  of  Bome. 

Ch.  3.  0.  Syriacuiu:  sc.  helium. 
Creighton,  p.  48. 

7.  Antiochum :  the  mo.st  illustri- 
ous of  the  family  of  the  Seleucidae, 
kings  of  Syria,  wjus  Antioclius,  sur- 
named  the  Great.  After  having  con- 
quered Caelo-Syria  and  Palestine, 
he  was  urged  by  Hannibal,  who  had 
taken  refuge  at  his  court,  to  make 
war  on  the  Bomans.  He  invaded 
(ireece,  Imt  was  defeated  by  L. 
Scipio  at  Thermopylae  in  101  n.r., 
and  again  at  .Mt.  Sipylus  in  Mag- 
nesia in  100  !$.<..  when  he  was  com- 
pelled to  sue  for  peace. 

12.  fuisset :  cf.  quia  .  .  .  fecis- 
sent,  Bk.  II.  11. 

Ch.  4.  14.  L  CornelioScTpione 
cf.  Bk.  III.  lo, 

Scipio  Africanus :  although 
Scii)io  Africanus  was  the  legatus  of 
his  brother,  yet  he  practically  acted 
as  commander,  as  his  brother  was 
a  man  '>f  !io  nin'iif  \-. 

17.   navaii  pioelio:    this  battle, 


180 


NOTES 


[PACiKs  37,  38 


fouj^dit  at  tilt'  mouth  of  the  Kury- 
lUL'dou,  off  Aspi'iKhis  in  ramphylia, 
''was  tlio  lirst  naval  battle  and 
the  last  battle  fought  by  llauuibal 


11 


against  tlio  Ixonians. 

18.  apud  Maijiiesiani  :  ''with 
the  (lay  of  Magnesia  Asia  was  erased 
from  the  list  of  great  states ;  and 
never  perhaps  did  a  great  power  fall 
so  rai)idly,  so  thoroughly,  and  so 
ignominiously  as  the  kingdom  of  the 
Seleucidae  under  this  Aiitiochus  the 
Great."     Mommsen. 

20.  Euinenes :  Antiochus  had 
offered  one  oi  his  daughters  in  mar- 
riage to  Kumenes,  the  king  of  Per- 
gamus,  on  condition  that  he  assist 
him  against  the  Homans. 

22.  ex  paite  regis:  'on  the  side 
of  the  king.' 

24.  data  est:  se.  pox. 

25.  recederet :  cf.  wferrot,  Ch.  2. 
pA(iK38.  1-  concitatSrem  belli: 

'who  had  aroused  the  war"  ;  often 
it  is  best  to  translate  nouns  of 
Agency  by  a  clause. 

r .  et  ipse  :  cf.  ct  ipac.  Bk.  I.  8. 

Asiaeenis  ■   the  more  usual  title 

is  .  isi'tiu  11^. 

Cu.5  12.  pel  T.  Quill tium  ria- 
nniilmim  :   ''f^  •"  '■  ^"ilins,  Bk.  I,  <). 

1.;.  tiadendus  esset :  the  bitter- 
ness with  whicii  the  Komans  hunted 
down  Hannibal  was  unworthy  of 
sueli  n  mmi  nnd  such  a  nation. 

veiieimm  bibit :  "Thus  igno- 
miniously ended  the  career  of  the 
man  who  stood  once  at  the  head  of 
the  commanders  of  the  world,  and 
whose  memory  is  still  honored  for 
the  magnificence  of  his  ambition  in 


daring  to  attack  and  expecting  to 
conquer  the  most  powerful  nation 
of  his  time." 

Cn.  6.  1'.'.  rebellavit :  on  account 
of  the  division  of  the  conquered  ter- 
ritory after  the  fall  of  Antiochus, 
Philip  became  indignant  at  the  Ro- 
mans, and  planned  a  revolt  on  a 
large  scale.  His  death  in  179  n.c. 
prevented  him  from  putting  his  plans 
into  execution.  His  son  Perseus  at- 
tempted to  carry  them  out.  Owing 
to  his  lack  of  genius,  he  did  not 
act  pronqjtly  and  with  energy  when 
the   opportunity  offered,  and  let  it 

slip  by. 

20.  Thraciae :  'i'hrace  was  the 
name  given  originally  to  the  whole 
region  north  of  the  Aegean  Sea. 
Afterwards  it  was  eontined  to  the 
valley  of  the  Hebrus.  It  became  a 
Roman  province  in  40  a.d. 

illyrici:  Illyricum  was  on  the 
east  coast  of  the  Adriatic  Sea.  Its 
rocky  coasts  were  infested  with 
pirates  until  it  was  conquered  by  the 
Romans  in  the  second  century  b.c. 
It  was  made  a  province  afterwards 
and  known  as  Dalmatia. 

21.  Romanis  .  .  .  auxilio  :  ef. 
anxiUn  .   .   .   Bomdms.  Ch.  4. 

24.  utrisque  .  .  •  praebuit :  lit. 
'  furnished  himself  etpial  to  both  '  = 
'reiuRined  neutral.' 

2V  F  Licinius:  sc.  Crassus.  He 
was  utterly  incompetent  and  thor- 
oughly unscrupulous. 

20.  gravT  proelio  victns  near 
Larisa.  If  Perseus  had  possessed 
the  energy^  to  follow  up  this  victory, 
the  result  might  have  been  different. 


Pages  30,40] 


XOTKS 


1:^1 


Page  39.  1.  mox  missus  contra  ' 
eum  :  Eutropius  does  not  mention 
the  two  campaigns  under  Aulus  Ho.s- 
tilius  and  Quintius  Marcius  Philip- 
pus,  in  both  of  which  the  Romans 
were  unsuccessful. 

2.  L  Aemilius  Paulus  :  he  was 
the  .sou  ui  the  consul  who  fell  at 
Cannae,  Bk.  Ill,  10.  He  was  one  i 
of  the  best  specimens  of  tlie  sturdy  i 
Roman  character.  He  was  noted 
for  his  discipline  in  the  army,  and 
maintained  throughout  life  a  pure 
and  unspotted  character. 

0.  ante  .  .  .  quam  :  cf.  note  on 
ante  .  .   .  quam.  Bk.  II.  13. 

C\\.  7.  8.  Ill  Nonas  Septem- 
bres  :  the  full  expression  would  be 
ante,  dion  tertlum  Nonas  Septchi- 
hres;  cf.  A7  Kal.  Mdias,  Bk.  I,  1. 

9.  vicit:  at  the  battle  of  Pydna 
in  Macedonia,  108  n.c.  "  It  was  in 
fact  the  last  battle  in  which  a  civil- 
ized state  confronted  Rome  in  the 
field  on  a  footing  of  equality  with 
her  as  a  great  power.  .  .  .  The 
whole  civilized  world  henceforth 
recognized  in  the  Roman  senate  the 
supreme  tribunal  whose  commis- 
sioners decided  in  the  last  resort 
between  kings  and  nations." 
Mommsen,  History  of  Borne,  Vol. 
II,  p.  .331). 

14.  honorem  .  .  .  habuit:  'held 
him  in  honor'  =  'honored  him.' 

victo  :  in  apposition  with  e'l. 

15.  sibi :    sihi   and    s?    refer   to 
Paulus. 

23.  convivii  apparatu  :    'in  his 
entertainments.' 

Ch.    8.    25.    praedam  .    .  .  dis- 


tribuit :    this   act  of    cruelty    was 
commanded  by  the  senate 

Pagi:  40  -  triumphavit  au- 
tem  nirtgmficentissime :  never 
before  had  Rome  .seen  so  grand  a 
triunqih.     It  lasted  for  three  days. 

3.  cum  duobus  filiis  :  Q.  Fa- 
bius  Maximus  and  P.  Scipio  Afri- 
canus  Minor,  both  of  whom  had 
been  adopted  into  other  families. 

9.  BIthyiiiae:  supply  rex  from 
reyes  above. 

Cn.  10.  15.  tertium  .  .  Kai 
thaginem  :  The  Story  of  the  Bomans, 
p.  139  ;  Creighton,  p.  50  ;  Borne  and 
Carthaye,  Ch.  XIX.  The  Romans 
encouraged  their  ally  Masinissa  to 
encroach  on  the  territories  of  Car- 
thage and  to  harass  lier  in  every 
way.  They  were  seeking  a  pretext 
for  war,  having  fully  decided  to 
utterly  destroy  their  hated  rival. 
The  story  is  told  that  every  speech 
that  Cato  the  Censor  made  was  con- 
cluded with  the  words  '  Delenda  est 
Carthrfgd,'  'Carthage  must  be  de- 
stroy eil.' 

10.    T.      Maniio     C*'i]soiTn5    et 

M    Maniiio:  they  were  ulLeir>  lu- 

coiupeient.      On    several   occasions 

'  they  were   saved  from  destruction 

only  by  the  skill  of  Scipio. 

19.  Karthaginem  oppiignave 
runt:  the  Carthaginians  tried  in 
every  way  to  avert  the  war.  Em- 
bassy after  embassy  was  sent  to 
Rome,  offering  everything  that  could 
be  asked.  When  the  Romans  de- 
manded the  surrender  of  the  arms 
of  the  city,  they  were  given.  But 
when   it  was  demanded   that   they 


V]'2 


NOTES 


[Pa<;ks  40,  41 


should  leave  their  city  and  should 
settle  somewhere  else  at  a  distance 
of  ten  miles  from  the  sea,  they  re- 
fused and  prepared  for  the  struggle 
that  was  inevitable. 

21.   Scipio  :  -Tublius  Cornelius 
Scii)io   was    the    youngest    son   of 
Aemilius   I'aulus,  the  conqueror  of 
Macedonia.      When  (luite  a  youth 
he  had  fought  at  his  father's  side 
at  Pydna,  and   he  was   afterwards 
adopted  into  a  still  more  illustrious 
family,  that  of  the  Scipios.     Like 
his  grandfather,  the  great  Africanus, 
he  had  early  shown  a  taste  for  other 
arts  than  that  of  war  ;  and  his  fond- 
ness for  literature  was  cemented  by 
the   friendship    which    he    formed, 
while  still  a  youth,  with  the  histo- 
rian Folybius.     He  was  inferior  in 
all   respects   to   his  grandfather  by 
adoption,  the  elder  Africanus."    He 
is  chosen  by  Cicero  in  the  De  Ami- 
citia  as  one  whose  friendship    was 
worthy  of  immortality. 

24.  consnltissimus:    'most  fer- 
tile in  couueii." 

per    eum  ■    cf.    pf-r   Ann    nUu.^, 


Bk 


27.  committeie:  sc.  proelium ; 
the  omission  is  late  and  rnre. 

Vk-  V  41.  Cn.  11.  1.  per  idem 
tempus ;  equivalent  to  the  Abla- 
tive nf  Timf  within  which. 

Masiiiissa:  see  note  on  Syphii- 
cem,  I'k.  in.  20. 

Cii  12  •.  iuveuis  ;  see  note  on 
annbrmiu  Bk.  II,  0.  Scipio  was 
about  thirty-seven  years  old,  and 
had  held  the  office  of  military  tri- 
bune only. 


6.  consul  est  factus :  as  in  the 
case  of  his  grandfather  by  adoption, 
there  was  the  tacit  understanding 
that  his  office  was  to  be  continued 
until  he  had  brought  the  war  to  an 
end.  The  Romans  by  this  time  had 
learned  the  advantage  of  retaining 
in  office  in  times  of  danger  a  man 
who  showed  himself  adapted  to  the 
place. 

9.  quae  sua  recognoscebant : 
•which    they    recognized    as    their 

own.' 

10.  Karthago  .  .  .  deleta  est: 
"Thus  happened  what,  happily,  has 
rarely  happened  in  history  before 
or  since.  An  ancient  seat  of  civili- 
zation with  the  race  which  inhabited 
it,  with  its  arts  and  its  sciences,  its 
laws,  its  literature,  and  its  religion, 
was  swept  away  at  a  single  stroke, 

I  leaving  hardly  a  wrack  behind  ;  and 

!  with  it  vanished  the  last  rival  whom 

I  Rome   had   to  fear,   the   one   state 

which  ever  met  her  on  equal  terms, 

and  therefore  alone  stood  between 

her  and  universal  empire."     Rome 

and  Carthago,  p.  200. 

quam  =  postquani. 

11.  avus  eius:  his  grandfather 
by  adoption,  P.  Cornelius  Scipio 
Africanus  Maior,  the  con(iueror  of 
Hannibal. 

12.  Africanus  iunior :  etiam 
ipse  can.  of  course,  refer  only  to 
Africanus.  htnior  being  adversative  ; 
'Africanus  (but)  younger';  cf. 
note  on  Tarquinius  iunior,  Bk.  I,  H. 

Cn.  13.  14.  Pseudophilippus : 
"  A  pretender,  calling  himself  Phil- 
lip, the  son    of    Perseus,   met  with 


P.\(;Ks41-4;i] 


NOTES 


1'^8 


supp  )rt  from  Thrace  and  Byzan- 
tium, and  was  accepted  as  king  by 
the  Macedonian  nation.  He  even 
extended  his  rule  over  Thessaly  by 
his  victory  over  the  ]U)man  praetor 
Juventius."     :M()]nmsen,  p.  210. 

15.  praetorem:  the  praetor  was 
one  of  the  chief  magistrates  at 
Rome,  next  to  the  consuls.  The 
nund)er  varied  at  different  times. 
After  Sulla's  time  there  were  eight. 
The  duties  of  the  i)raetor  were  to 
administer  justice,  and  in  the  ab- 
sence of  the  consuls  to  act  in  their 
place.  Praetors  were  also  sent  to 
govern  provinces  .'subject  to  Rome. 

10.  ad  internecionem  :  '  to  the 
point  of  destruction.' 

Cji.  ii  22.  cepit :  after  the 
battle  of  Leucopatra,  in  which  the 
Achaeans  were  utterly  defeated. 

diruit:  --With  Corinth  fell  the 
liberties  of  Greece  ;  a  Roman  prov- 
ince took  the  place  of  the  state  that 
for  six  centuries  had  been  the  home 
of  art  and  elocpience,  the  intellec- 
tual sovereign  of  antiquity ;  but 
though  overcome  and  despoiled,  she 
became  the  guide  and  teacher  of  her 
conqueror.*"  The  light  of  Greece 
was  extinguished. 

27.  pictae  tabulae  :  'pictures.' 

Paok  42.  Cii.  15.  :'..  haberet: 
II.  598  (515,  111)  ;  M.  •5T^  0  ;  A.  .^ 
G.  3i:5.  il\  (;.  587;  B.  309,  3. 

quaestSre  :  the  quaestor  was  an 
r.fficer  in  charge  of  the  treasury. 
Two  remained  in  the  city  while  the 
others  accompanied  the  provincial 
sovernors  and  managed  the  finances 


of  the  provinces. 


Cn.  16.     5.    Metelins      (^.   Cae- 

cilius  Metellus,  luulu  Mucedonicus, 

j  was  the  son  of  Caecilius  mentioned 

;  in  Bk.  Ill,  19.     He  was  consul   in 

i  143  B.C.,  and  received  the  province 

!  of   Hither  Spain,  where  he  carried 

;  on  war  with  success  for  two  years 

;  asainst  the  Celtiberi.     His  brother. 

L.  Caecilius,  was  consul  in  142  u.c. 

Chs.  21,  23. 

8.  Viriathus  :     it    is    said    that 
Caepio  jn-ocured  his  assassination. 

9.  quo  metu  =  cuinti  iwtn  :   for 
the  ca.se  of  )i\etu,  cf.  meta,  Ch.  3. 

12.  adsertor :    'restorer  of    lib- 
erty.' 

Cn.  17.  17.  pacem  ignobileir, 
fecit:  but  fearing  the  reckoning 
that  awaited  him  at  home  for  con- 
1  eluding  peace,  he  denied  before  the 
senate  the  agreement  he  had  made 
with  the  people  of  Numantia.  The 
total  inconq)etency  of  Pompeius 
and  of  his  successor,  Mancinus,  and 
the  demoralization  of  the  army, 
caused  the  war  to  drag  on  with  dis- 
grace and  disaster  for  three  years. 
Creighton,  ]>.  49. 

20.  Mancmum  hostibus  +iadi: 
\  they  relused  to  receive  Iiim,  iis  the 
i  senate  knew  they  would. 
'  24.  consul  factus:  s( .  est;  this 
was  in  134  \\a  .  He  was  then  at 
the  legal  aire  for  the  consulship. 
I  25.  militem :  '  the  soldiers  '  ;  a 
I  collective  noun. 

'  Pa<;i:43.  4.  reliquam  .  .  .  ac- 
cepit :  "A  senatorial  C(»mmission 
I  was  shortly  afterwards  sent  to 
j  Spain,  and  the  provinces  were  re- 
!  organized.       Spain     gradually    be- 


iW 


1   •  I    I 


NOTKS 


[Pages  43,  44 


caiiit'  exceedingly  prosperous,  and, 
despite  the  guerilla  warfare  ever 
waged  l)y  the  half-subdued  native 
tribes,  it  was  the  most  flourishing 
and  best  organized  country  in  the 
Roman  dominions."  Mommsen, 
p.  215. 

Cn.   18  Attains:    the  king- 

dom of  Attains  consisted  of  Lydia, 
Phrygia,  Mysia,  and  Caria,  four 
states  on  the  coast  of  Asia  Minor. 

Cii.  19  CallaecTs:  generally 

written  (iallaeci.  They  were  a 
people  inhabiting  the  northwestern 
part  (»f  Spain,  bordering  on  the 
Atlantic.  They  were  the  most  un- 
civilized people  of  Spain. 

Lusit^anis  :  they  lived  a  little 
south  oi  the  (iallaeci 

10.  P  ScTpio  .  .  .  Numantiiiis : 
from  tiic  cupime  of  the  city  of  Nu- 
mantia  he   received  the  name  A"?(- 

12.   de   Afuca:    i.e.    de   Karthd- 

(jine. 

Cn.  20.  i-.  Aiistonico:  he  was 
a  natural  son  oi  Eumenes  II  of 
Perganuis.  Upon  the  death  of  his 
brother  Attains,  who  left  his  king- 
dom to  the  Romans.  Ch.  18,  he 
claimed  the  throne.  At  first  he 
met  with  considerable  success. 

15.  P.  Licniius  Ciihsus  :  he 
was  consul  for  the  year  bU  n.c. 
He  was  a  good  orator  and  jurist. 

25.  carceie:  the  Mamertine 
prison  at  the  foot  of  the  Capitoline 
Hill.  This  was  the  only  pri.son  in 
Rome  in  early  times.  In  it  most 
of  the  famous  captives  of  the 
Romans   were   strangled.      It  con- 


sisted of  an  upper  and  lower  cham- 
ber. The  term  Tullianum  sometimes 
applied  to  the  prison  as  a  whole  is 
more  properly  restricted  to  the  lower 
dungeon.  Sallust  in  the  'Catiline' 
gives  an  impressive  picture  of  the 
lower  vault  in  which  Jugurtha  per- 
ished. "There  is,"  he  says,  "in 
the  prison  a  chamber  named  the 
Tullianum,  about  twelve  feet  below 
the  surface  of  the  earth.  It  is  sur- 
rounded by  walls,  and  covered  by  a 
vaulted  roof  of  stone  ;  but  its  ap- 
pearance is  repulsive  and  fearful, 
because  of  the  neglect,  the  dark- 
ness, and  the  stench.'" 

27.  diem  obierat :  lit.  '  he  had 
met  his  day  '  =  '  he  died.' 

(fi.  21.  20.  quae  nunc  maiiet : 
Kutropius  is  in  error.  The  Car- 
thage of  his  time  was  f(iunded  by 
Augustus.  He  was  carrying  out 
the  plan<  nf  .Inlius  Caesar  in  this. 

Tagi:  44.  -.  deduct!  sunt:  the 
regular  term  for  the  founding  of  a 
colony. 

eo  =  fiO  enm  Jocnm. 
Cn.  22.  5.  Gallis  transalpinis : 
the  (iauls  of  the  modern  France 
and  Switz<'rland  were  called  trdns- 
alplnh  to  distinguish  them  from  the 
Gauls  of  northern  Italy,  who  were 
called  cisalp'uil. 

Arvernorum :  the  Arverni  were  a 
people  of  Aquitania,  in  the  modern 
Auvergne.  In  early  times  they  were 
the  most  powerful  people  in  south- 
ern Gaul.  They  still  possessed  con- 
siderable power  in  Caesar's  time,  as 
he  refers  to  them  several  times  in 
the  Gallic  War. 


Page  44] 


NOTES 


136 


cf.    torque^    Bk. 
from 


est 


I.e. 


7.  fliivium :    a   late   word.     The 
regular  term  for  river  is  fltiineu 

8.  torqtiibiiB 

II,  5. 

9.  clediictiiB 

Gaul. 

Ch.  23.  12.  Naibone:  this  was 
the  first  colony  of  the  Romans  in 
Gaul.  Later  it  gave  the  name  of 
Xarhonensis  to  the  province.  It 
was  situated  on  the  river  Atax,  and 
was  of  considerable  conunercial  im- 
portance. 

13.  L  Caecilio  Mutello :  see 
note  on  M(^telhis,  Ch.  1«). 

Cii.  24.  17.  Scordiscis:  a  people 
of  Pannonia.  They  were  sometimes 
classed  with  the  Illyrians,  but  they 
were  remains  of  an  ancient  and 
powerful  Celtic  tribe. 

Ch.    2  3  C    Caecilio    Me- 

tello  :  he  was  the  son  of  Quintus  > 
Caecilius  Metellus,  mentioned  in 
Ch.  10.  He  was  consul  in  113  n.c., 
and  carried  on  war  in  :Macedonia 
against  the  Thracians,  whom  he 
subdued.  He  obtained  a  triumph, 
in  consequence,  in  the  same  year 
and  on  the  same  day  with  his 
brother. 

20.  alterum  ex  Sardinia  :  this 
was  Marcus  Caecilius  Metellus,  a 
brother  of  Gains  Caecilius  men- 
tioned above.  He  was  consul  in 
115  B.C.  In  114  he  was  sent  to 
Sardinia  as  proconsul,  and  while 
there  he  suppressed  a  revolt  in  the 
province.  For  this  he  was  granted 
a  triumph,  which  he  celebrated  at 
the  same  time  with  his  brother. 
22.   Cimbros  :  see  Bk.  V,  1,  2. 


Cn.  26.  23.  F.  Scipione  Na- 
sica:  i.e.  'Scipio  with  the  pointed 
nose.'  This  name,  which  was  given 
in  derision  to  one  member  of  his 
family,  clung  to  all  his  descend- 
ants. 

24.  lugurthae  .  .  -  inlatum  est 
Jugurtha  is  an   interesting  charac- 
j  ter  in  Roman  history.    He  was  the 
I  illegitimate  nephew  of  Micipsa,  the 
,  king  of  Numidia.     He  served  under 
Scipio  in  Spain,  and  there  made  the 
ac(iuaintance  of  the  dissolute  patri- 
cians who  were  serving  in  the  army. 
On  the  death  of  his  uncle,  he  put 
Hiempsal  to  death  and   seized  the 
kingdom.    He  besieged  Adherbal  in 
the  town  of  Cirta,  and,  having  taken 
the  town,  he  put  him  to  death  with 
savage   torture.     In  the  capture  of 
Cirta  several  Roman  citizens  were 
slain.     This  conq)elled  the  senate  to 
make  an   investigation  ;   but  many 
of  its  members  had  been  bribed  by 
Jugurtha,  and  it  resulted  in  nothing. 
Finally  war   was   declared   against 
him.      The    army,    however,    was 
poorly  equipped   and  badly  organ- 
ized.    Nothing  but  defeat  resulted. 
Metellus,  on  taking  command  in  109 
n.c.  reformed  the  army,  won  sev- 
eral  victories,  and  seemed   on  the 
point  of  bringing  the  war  to  an  end 
when   he  was   succeeded  by  Gains 
Marius,     his     lieutenant.       Marius 
speedily    brought    the    war    to    a 
close.    Jugurtha,  however,  was  sur- 


rendered to  Sulla,  Marius'  lieuten- 
ant, by  the  Moors,  with  whom  he 
had  taken  refuge.  After  gracing 
the  triumphal  procession  of  Marius, 


13G 


NOTES 


[Pages  44-4<J 


he  was  strangled  in  the  Mamertiiie 
prison.  He  is  said  to  liave  ex- 
claimed as  he  touched  the  water  at 
the  bottom  of  the  prison,  '  How 
cold  are  thy  baths,  O  Hercules' I 

25.  fraties  sii5s :  Eutropius  is 
inct)rrect.  They  were  his  cousins, 
not  brothers. 

Pack  45.  -  qnae  .  .  .  impro- 
bata  est  probably  tlie  senate 
Would  liavt'  approved  of  it,  but 
such  an  outcry  was  raised  by  the 
people  that  they  were  forced  to  re- 
ject the  peace  and  order  the  war  to 
be  continue'l 

T'li,  27  i  Q  Caeciiius  Metel- 
lua :  he  wa:^  liif  ^oii  of  Lucius 
Caeciiius,  mentioned  in  Clis.  21,  2o. 
He  received  the  name  of  Xuniidicus 
for  his  campaign  against  Jugurtha. 
In  an  age  of  growing  corruption  his 
integrity  remained  unsullied,  and 
he  was  distinguished  for  his  abili- 
ties in  war  and  peace.  Creighton, 
p.  61. 

12.  successum  est  ei.  lit.  'it 
was  succeeded  to  him '  =  '  ho  was 
sncoee(h^d.' 

C  Mail 5  :  see  Bk.  V,  I.  Marius, 
who  had  accompanied  Metellus, 
gained  his  consulship  by  appealing 
to  the  credulity  of  the  people  and 
by  misleading  them  with  the  most 
unfair  misrepresentations  of  the 
conduct  of  Metellus. 

Bocclium  king  of  Mauretania, 
father-in-law  of  Jugurtha. 

l(i.  Come  1  ill  111  SuUam  :  see  Bk. 
V,  4.  The  fact  that  Sulla  was  an 
aristocrat  was  very  annoying  to 
Marius. 


Book  V 

Paoe  46.  Cn.  1.  2.  Cimbris  et 
Teutoiiibus :  the  Cimbri  and  Teu- 
tones  were  Germanic  tribes  who  had 
migrated  from  their  homes  and  had 
come  into  Gaul.  They  defeated  the 
Romans  in  several  engagements. 
In  the  battle  of  Arausio,  105  u.c, 
three  lioman  armies  were  cut  to 
pieces.  Then  they  turned  their 
course  towards  Spain  and  gave  the 
Romans  a  respite  of  two  years.  In 
102  li.c.  they  returned  from  Spain 
and  prepared  to  invade  Italy.  Be- 
fore their  entrance  they  divided. 
The  Cimbri  and  the  Tigurini  crossed 
the  Rhone,  intending  to  enter  Italy 
by  the  eastern  Alps.  The  Teutones 
and  the  Ambrones  tried  to  come  in 
by  the  Maritime  Alps,  intending  to 

I  join  their  countrymen  in  the  valley 
of  the  Po.  jMarius  met  them  at 
Aipiae  Sextiae,  modern  Aix,  102  n.c, 

!  and  the  mighty  host  of  the  barba- 
rians was  annihilated.  The  next 
year  the  united  armies  of  Marius 
and  Catulus  met  the  Cimbri  near 
Yercellae  in  Cisalpine  Gaid  and 
utterly  defeated  them.  Those  who 
survived  the  battle  were  either 
killed  or  sold  in  the  slave  market  at 
Rome.  "The  human  avalanche 
which  for  thirteen  years  had  alarmed 
the  nations  from  the  Danube  to  the 
Ebro,  from  the  Seine  to  the  Po, 
rested  beneath  the  sod,  ov  t(»iled 
luider  the  yoke  of  slavery." 
Mommsen,  History  of  Homo,  Vol. 
Ill,  p.  20.S.  Creighton.  p.  (W  ;  The 
Storij  of  thp  lioynavs,  p.  155. 


Pa(;ls  46,  47] 


NOTES 


1:^ 


1 1 


7.  quantus  .  .  .  tempore: 
•  barely  was  it  as  great  in  the  time 
of  Hannibal.' 

8.  Mai  ills:    Gains    Marius  was 
born  near  Arpinum  157  u.c.  of  an 
obscure  family.     By  his  valor  and 
his  energy  he  w(u-ked  his  way  up  in 
the  army,  winning  distinction  in  the 
siege    of   Xumantia   in    Spain.     In 
110  u.c.  he  was  elected  tribune  of 
the     plebs.       He    now    became     a 
marked   man.     He   acquired    influ- 
ence and   importance   by  marrying 
into  the  family  of  the  Caesar.s.     In 
100  B.C.  he  went  to  Africa  as  lieu- 
tenant of  Metellus.     In  107  n.c.  he 
was  elected  consul  and  brtnight  the 
war  with  Jugurtha  to  an  end,  Bk. 
IV^,    27.       After    his    return    from 
Africa   he  was   elec-ted   consul    the 
second  time   in    104  n.c.   and  took 
conunand   of   the   war  against  tlie 
Cimbri    and    Teutones.     Again    in 
103,  102,  and  101  n.c.  he  was  elected 
to  the  consulship,  and  crushed  the  , 
barbarians  in  the  two  famous  bat- 
tles of  Aquae  Sextiae  and  Yercellae, 
102,  101  i'..c.,  Chs.  1,  2.     In  100  u.c. 
he  was  elected  consul  for  the  sixth 
time.     The  Social  war  again  called 
him   into    active    service.     He    de- 
feated the  Marsi  in  two  successive 
engagements,  Ch.  3.     That  he  might 
gratify  his  ambition  and  be  sent  to 
the  war  with  Mithradates,  he  pro- 
cured the  passage  of  a  law  removing 
Sulla  from   the    command    of    the 
army  and  conferring  it  upon  him- 
self.    Sulla  refused  to  give  up  his 
command,  marched  upon  Rome,  and 
forced  Marias  to  flee.     After  having 


arranged  matters  at  Rome  to  his 
satisfaction  Sulla  left  for  the  East, 
Ch.  4.  While  he  was  away,  Marius 
returned  to  Italy,  besieged  Rome, 
and  entered  the  city  as  a  conqueror. 
"  The  most  frightful  scenes  followed. 
The  guards  of  Marius  stabbed  every 
one  whom  he  did  not  salute,  and  the 
streets  ran  with  the  blood  of  the 
noblest  of  the  Roman  ari.stocracy." 
Ch.  7.  Without  the  formality  of  an 
election  he  became  consul  for  the 
seventh  time,  86  n.c.  But  he  did 
not  hmg  enjoy  his  honor.  On  the 
eighteenth  day  of  his  consulship  he 
died. 

15.  absens :  this  was  unusual. 
The  law  provided  that  a  man  must 
be  present  to  stand  for  the  consul- 
ship, and  that  at  least  ten  years 
must  elapse  before  he  could  be  re- 
elected. 

Cn.  2.  1^.  diniicatinii  est  this 
battle  was  fought  in  the  Campi 
Raudii,  near  Yercellae.  Before  the 
battle,  the  Cimbri  demanded  that 
lands  .shouhl  be  given  them  for 
themselves  and  the  Teutones.  '  The 
Teutones,'  replied  Marius,  '  have  all 
the  land  they  need  on  the  other  side 
of  the  Alps.' 

a  Catuli  parte  :  '  on  the  part  of 
Catulu.s.' 

Paoi:  47.  ^'"-  3.  T.  gravissimnm 
bellum :  this  is  known  as  Llie  bociui 
or  Italian  war.  It  was  waged  by  the 
Italian  allies  of  the  Romans.  For 
nearly  thirty  years  the  hope  of  ob- 
taining Roman  citizenship  had  been 
held  out  to  them,  but  no  measure 
had  been  carried  to  bet<^er  their  con- 


138 


NOTES 


[Pages  47,  48 


dition.  The  burdens  that  Rome  had  ' 
imposed  upon  them  had  been  stead- 
ily increased.  Finally,  in  despair 
of  securing  any  reforms,  they  ap- 
pealed to  arms.  At  tirst  they  were 
successful,  but  in  the  end  the  Ro- 
mans conquered.  However,  they 
were  compelled  to  grant  nearly  all  the 
Italians  had  demanded.  Creighton, 
p.  64. 

V2    alius     for  alter. 

15.  a  Rdmams  :  '  on  the  side  of 
the  Roniciiia  ■  ,  ci.  a  Catidl  parte, 
Ch.  'J. 

Ch.  4.  -4.  belium  civile  ;  the 
Fir.st  Civil  wdi,  called  also  the 
Civil  war  of  Marius  and  Sulla.  See 
Chs.  7-0.  The  Stori/  of  the  Romans, 
pp.  160-164;    Crpiuliton.  p.  66. 

Pack  48.  1-  Mithiadaticum : 
sr.  hflhirn  commotum  est. 

bello  civili  .  in  classical  Latin 
probably  a  Genitive  would  have 
been  used. 

2.  cum  Sulla  .  Lucius  Cornelius 
Sulla  was  born  of  a  patrician  fam- 
ily in  138  B.C.  After  having  secured 
a  good  education,  he  passed  his  early 
life  in  the  pursuit  of  pleasure,  squan- 
dering the  small  fortune  left  him  by 
his  father.  He  served  under  Marius 
m  Africa  (Bk.  IV,  8).,  and  received 
the  surrender  of  Jugurtha.  During 
the  war  with  the  Cimbri  and  Teu- 
tones,  he  served  under  Marius  and 
Catulus  with  distinction.  When  the 
Social  war  broke  out  he  again  en- 
tered the  service  and  won  fresh 
laurels  (Ch.  3).  In  88  n.c.  he  was 
elected  consul  and  received  the 
command  of  tlio  war  against  Miih- 


radates  (Chs.  5-7).  When  he  had 
concluded  peace  with  Mithradates, 
lie  returned  to  Italy  in  83  b.c,  and 
prepared  for  the  campaign  against 
the  leaders  of  the  Marian  party. 
His  efforts  were  crowned  with  suc- 
cess. In  82  B.C.  he  brought  the  con- 
flict to  a  close  with  the  decisive 
battle  of  the  CoUine  gate  (Ch.  8). 
Sulla  was  now  master  of  Italy.  He 
resolved  to  take  the  most  ample 
vengeance  upon  his  enemies,  and 
utterly  to  crush  the  popular  party. 
He  inaugurated  a  proscription,  in 
which  as  many  as  47,000  are  said  to 
have  perished.  He  was  chosen  dic- 
tator by  the  senate,  and  made  vari- 
ous reforms  in  the  constitution  of 
the  state,  all  tending  to  strengthen 
the  power  of  the  aristocracy  and  to 
weaken  that  of  the  commons.  In 
79  B.C.  he  resigned  his  office  and  re- 
tired to  his  estate  at  Puteoli,  where 
he  died  in  78  b.c.  "None  of  his 
friends  ever  did  him  a  kindness,  and 
none  of  his  enemies  a  wrong,  with- 
out being  fully  repaid." 

3.  gestuius:  the  Future  Parti- 
ciple is  not  used  by  prose  writers  of 
the  classical  period  to  denote  pur- 
pose. 

•'    primus  arm r tus  :  a  gen- 

eral with  his  army  could  not  enter 
'  the  city,  except  when  celebrating  a 
triumph,    without   losing   his   com- 
mand. 

[      11.   in  fiitfinim  annimi  :  '  for  the 
next  year. ' 

Cm  Oc^^Svio  et  L.  Coineiio 
Cirai"^     111  apposition  with  cbnsuli- 


Pages  48-50] 


NOTES 


139 


Ch.  5.   13.  Mit 


^atiatci 


Mith-   especially  famous  for  its  temple  of 


radates  V    was  king  of   Pontus,  a 


state  of  Asia  Minor.     He  is  one  of 
the  most  striking  characters  of  Ro-  , 
man  history.     Possessed  of  a  large 
and   powerful   frame,    he    was   en- 
dowed  also   with  a  mind  of  great 
strength  and  alertness,  indomitable  ^ 
courage,  and  consuming  ambition. 
It  was  the  desire  to  extend  his  realm 
that  brought  him  into  collision  with 
the   Romans.     In   88  b.c.  he  over- 
ran Bithynia,  Cappadocia,  and  the 
greater  part  of  the  lioman  province 
of  Asia.     In  84  b.c.  peace  wa.s  con- 
cluded with  Sulla.      In   83  b.c  he 
again  began  war.     This  was  brought 
to  an  end  two  years  later  (Chs.  6,  8). 
For  the  third  time  he  began  to  wage 
war  in  74  b.c.     This  was  the  last 
and  most  important  war,  and.  owing 
to  mismanagement  on  the  part  of  the 
Romans,  was  not  concluded  until  63 
B.C. , when  he  wasdriven  from  hisking- 
d(mi  and  forced  to  take  his  own  lif«' 
(Bk.  VI,  14).    Creighton,  pp.  66,  71. 
16.  ei :  the  antecedent  is   N'lco- 

medes. 

1^.  faceret:  Subjunctive  in  In- 
direct Discourse  representing  the 
Future  Indicative  in  Direct. 

quod  .  .  .  pateretur    this  use  of 
qnod  with  the   Subjunctive  after  a 
verb  of  speaking,  instead  of  the  In-  j 
tinitive  with  subject  Accusative,  is 
late.     For  the   usual  construction,  ' 
cf.  Bk.  Ill,  11.  I 

et  ipse:   'he  too.'  j 

23.  Ephesum  :    Ephesus   at   the  | 
mouth  of  the  Cayster  in  Lydia,  was 
the  chief  city  in  Asia  Minor.     It  was 


Diana. 

24  niio  die  orciderentur  ■  on 
that  day  over  bU,uuu  iuuuuis  were 
put  to  death. 

Pagi  49^  '■''  6.  1.  Anstone  : 
he  was  a  Cficuraicd  philoMjpin.-r. 

3.    Archelanra:    Archelaus   was 
a  disLiu-uishta  general  of  Mithra- 
dates.     At  first  he  met  with  some 
success,  but  was  twice  defeated  by 
Sulla  in  the  battles  of  Chaeronea 
and  Orchomenos  in  Boeotia. 
11.  commTsit  ■  ^c.  proelinm. 
15.  iubsit  .  .  .  agi:   lit.  'ordered 
it  to  be  treated  concerning  peace ' 
=  '  ordered  a  truce  to  be  made.' 

Ch.  7.  lb  paitun  contrasted 
with  (iJ)'is. 

22.  pax  .  .  oidinata  est  :  by 
the  terms  of  the  peace  arranged 
Mithradates  abandoned  all  his  con- 
quests in  Asia  Minor,  confined  him- 
self to  the  dominion  he  had  held 
before  the  war,  paid  an  indemnity 
of  3(XK)  talents,  and  surrendered 
80  .ships  of  war  fully  e<iuipped. 

Page    50.    2.     pi  oscrTpseriiiit  • 
'  outlawed.'     This  was  the  tirst  pro- 
scription in  Roman  history.     It  was 
so  called  from  the  list  of  the  names 
of  the  persons  who  were  outlawed. 
They  might  be  kille  1  by  any  one 
with    impunity,    even     by    slaves. 
Their  property  was  confiscated  to 
'  the   state   and   was  sold   at  public 
I  auction.     Their  children  and  grand- 
children   lost    their    votes    in    the 
'  Comitia  and  were  excluded  from  all 
public  otficos. 

r,    Norbaiiuni    e^     Scipidnem 


* } 


NOTES 


[Pages  50-52 


Lucius  Norbanus  and  Gaius  Scipio  | 
were  elected  consuls  for  the  year  | 
m  H.r.  I 

7.    coiitia  Noibaiuiin     tliu  bat- 
tle was  fou'dit  at  Mt.  Tifata  in  Cam- 
pania.     After  the  battle  Norbanus: 
shut  himself  up  in  Capua. 

10.  totuni    .    .    .    accepit:    by 
means    of     Sulla's    emissaries    the  j 
whole   army   deserted   Scipio,    who  i 
was  forced  to  retire  from  the  war.     , 

Ch.  8.  12.  Matins  :  Gaius  Marius 
the  younger  was  elected  consul  with 
Gnaeus  Tapirius  Carbo,  though  he 
had  not  yet  attained  the  legal  age 
for  the  oltice. 

14.  dimicavit:  at  Sacriportus, 
between  higiiia  and  Praeneste. 
Marius  was  driven  to  Praeneste, 
and  when  the  town  was  captured 
was  slain 

19.  poi  tarn  Coiiinam  :  one  of  the 
gates  of  Rome  on  tlie  Quirinal  Hill,  j 
The  battle  raged  so  fiercely  and  the 
result   was  so  long  in  doubt,  that  | 
Sulla  is  said  to  have  invoked  the  | 
aid  of  Pythian  Apollo.     With  this  I 
battle  the  resistance  of  the  Marian 
party  in  Italy  was  at  an  end. 

Pact:  51.  Ch.  9.  1.  nuiil  Roma- 
noi  um  :  this  was  the  first  time  that 
any  one  who  had  not  held  the  t)ffice 
of  consul  was  permitted  to  celebrate 
a  triumph. 

0.  XXIV  :  sc.  mllla  with  all 
these  numbers,  except  the  last. 


Ci! 


Book  VT 

1     n     Sertoiiiis     Quintus 


Sertorius,  a  Sabine  by  birth,  served 
under  Marius  in  the  war  against  the  i 


Teutones.  Before  the  battle  of 
Aquae  Sextiae  he  entered  the  camp 
of  the  enemy  in  disguise.  In  83  b.c. 
he  went  to  Spain  and  became  the 
leader  of  the  Lusitanians.  For  sev- 
ral  years  he  waged  war  successfully 
against  the  Komans.  Finally  he 
was  assassinated  by  one  of  his  offi- 
cers who  was  jealous  of  his  power. 
The  Story  of  the  liormns,  p.  165  ; 
Creighton,  p.  09. 

Paoe  52.  Cn.  2.  5.  lev! a  proe- 
lia :   '  skirmishes.' 

Rhodopam  provinciam  :  a  small 
division  of  Thrace. 

Cn.  3.  10.  P.  Servilius:  Publius 
Servilius  Vatia  was  consul  in  79  b.c. 
The  next  year  he  was  sent  to  clear 
the  sea  of  pirates.  He  waged  war 
successfully  against  them,  conquered 
Cilicia  and  organized  it  as  a  province. 
He  took  a  leading  part  in  the  public 
affairs. 

ex  cbiiBMle  =  proconsul e  ;  a  late 
expression  ;  cf.  our  expression  '  ex- 
president.' 

Cn.  5.  20.  M.  Aemilius  Lepi- 
dus:  Lepidus  and  Catullus  were 
consuls  in  the  year  after  the  death 
of  Sulla.  They  quarreled  over  some 
trifling  matter.  In  77  i?.c.  Lepidus 
marched  to  Rome  with  an  army.  He 
was  met  by  Pompey  near  the  Mul- 
vian  Bridge  and  defeated.  Shortly 
afterwards  he  died  in  Sardinia. 

23.  Metelli:  Genitive,  depending 
on  triumphus  supplied  from  tri- 
nmph'i  ab<we. 

Ch.  6.  25.  anno  urbis  con- 
ditae :  a  variation  for  the  usual  ex- 
pression ah  itrhe  conditd-    The  year 


P.\GES  52-54] 


NO'IKS 


*is  conceived  of  as  belonging  to  the 
city.  Cf.  anno  a  conditd  iirhe,  Bk. 
Ill,  10 ;  anno  .  .  ■  ah  nrhe  con- 
ditCu  Bk.  IV,  22. 

Page  53.  1.  Nicomedes .  Nico- 
medes  HI,  surnamed  Philopater, 
was  the  son  and  successor  of  Nico- 
medes II  mentioned  in  Bk.  IV,  Chs. 
8,  20.  He  had  been  aided  by  the 
Romans,  and  was  encouraged  by 
them  to  encroach  on  the  territories 
of  Mithradates.  Having  no  chil- 
dren, he   left  his   kingdom  to  the 

Romans. 

2.  Mithradates  :    see    note    on 

Bk.  V,  ■" 
4.  apud   Ciialcedona  :    the   de-  . 

feat  was  botli  by  land  and  sea. 

7.  Lucullus  :     Lucius     Licinius 
Lucullus  fought  in  the  Civil  war  on 
the  side  of  Sulla,  was  praetor  in  77 
ij.c,   and  consul    in   74   b.c.     For 
eight  years  he  carried  on   the  war 
against   Mithradates  with   success; 
but  on    account  of    the  mutinous 
spirit  of  his  soldiers  and  the  jeal- 
ousy of  certain  Romans,  he  was  un- 
able to  bring  the  war  to  a  close. 
On  his  return  to  Rome  he  gave  him- 
self  up  to  a  life  of   indolence  and 
luxury.     He  died  in  57  b.c. 

10.  Byzantium:  the  city  of  By- 
zantium was  founded  by  the  Me- 
garians  in  058  b.c  and  was  a 
place  of  great  importance.  Con- 
stantinople was  founded  on  the 
same  site  by  the  Emperor  Constan- 
tine  the  Great  in  330  a.d.  It  re- 
mained the  capital  of  the  Roman 
Kmpire  of  the  East  until  its  captur* 
bv  the  Turks  in  145:'. 


milia 


sc.  homi- 


13.  centui".  fei 

num. 

Cu.  7.  17.  novum  belium  see 
The  Story  of  the  lioraam^,  i^.  i07  ; 
Creighton,  p.  70. 

18.  Spartaco  :  Spartacus  was  a 
Thracian  by  birth,  and  had  been 
taken  prisoner  and  sold  to  a  trainer 
of  gladiators.  His  character  has 
been  maligned  by  the  Roman 
writers.  '-Accident  made  Sparta- 
cus a  shepherd,  a  freebooter,  and  a 
Gladiator ;    nature    formed    him    a 

hero." 

19.  ludo  :  '  the  gladiatorial 
school.'  The  gladiators  were 
mostly  slaves,  and  were  the  prop- 
erty of  the  individuals  who  trained 
them  and  leased  them  for  the 
games.  This  school  belonged  to 
I  Lentulus. 

I     20.  paene     non    levins:     'not 
nuich  lighter.' 

22.  armatorum  :      many    slaves 

joined   them. 

23.  victi  sunt  in  Apulia;    they 
were  conquered  on  tne  nver  Silarus, 

I  which  flows  between   Lucania   and 
Campania.     Spartacus  was  slain  in 
j  the  battle. 

1      Cn.  8.    27.  duo:  nominative mas- 
'  culine,  agreeing  with  T'--''^'. 

Pagi.  54.    7.  Mithradates  tug  a 
^  tus  est:  if  the  Roman  soldiers  ha<l 
'  been   able   to  restrain   their  eager- 
ness for  plunder  and  had  followed 
Mithradates  rapidly,  he  would  have 
been  captured. 

10.  Tigrane  :  Tigranes,  king  of 
Armenia,  was  the  son-in-law  of 
Mithradat^'s.     Although  at  flrst  he 


1  \'2 


NOTES 


[Pages  54,  55 


refused  to  aid  Mithradates,  later  the  i  by  sea  and  by  land,  as  far  as  fifty 
insolence  of  LucLillus' envoys  caused  miles  into  the  interior,  over  the 
him  to  change  his  policy  and  take  a  whole  eastern  Mediterranean  for 
hand  in  the  war.  three  years. 

Cn.  9.  13.  hostem  fiigatum:  quod  .  .  .  confecit  :  in  the 
'the  enemy  who  had  tied.'  Often  it  space  of  forty  days  he  had  swept 
is  best  to  translate  a  participle  by  a  ■  the  whole  western  tract  of  the 
clans*'  Mediterranean  Sea,  and  had  driven 

14.  Tigranocer':am  :  the  capital  the  enemy  into  the  opposite  quarter, 
of  TiCTniH  -  He  drove  the  pirates  from  the  sea, 

IG.  clibanaiiis  this  is  the  only  and  compelled  them  to  take  refuge 
place  m  Eutropius  where  this  word    in  their  strongholds  in  the  Cilician 


is  found.  It  is  post-classical,  and 
is  used  by  only  two  writers  besides 
Eutropius. 

19.  Nisibin  :  he  was  directing  his 
march  to  Artaxata,  but  the  mutiny 
of  his  soldiers  caused  him  to  turn 
aside  to  Nisibis,  the  capital  of  Meso- 
potamia, and  take  up  his  winter 
(ptarters  there. 

20.  hi  his  lieutenants,  Eannius 
and  Triarius.  They  had  been  de- 
feated at  Cabira  and  Zela. 

22.  nealegenter   .    .    .   ageiites : 


coast.  These  he  speedily  surrounded 
and  captured.  He  burnt  over  1300 
of  their  vessels,  and  destroyed  all 
their  hostile  magazines  and  arsenals. 
In  ninety  days  he  had  terminated 
the  contest. 

22.  ei  .  .  .  Tigraneii  .  by  the 
Manilian  law  the  authority  he  had 
already  wielded  against  the  pirates 
was  extended  over  all  the  East. 

2T    noctuiiio    pioelid     Mithra- 
dates at  first  attempted  to  procure 
peace,  but  Pompey  would  hear  of 
'conducting    themselves    carelessly    nothing  but  unconditional  surrender. 


and  greedily.' 

'J!.   bellum  lenovattirn  est 


the 


He  started  to  retire  slowly  but  was 
ptirsued  by  Pompey,  and  was  over- 


Komans   were    now   exactly    where  |  taken  in  a  narrow  pass  on  the  Lycus, 
they  were  at  the  breaking  out  of  the    where  the  city  of  Nicopolis  was  after- 


war,  Pontus  and  Cappadocia  were 
overrun  by  Mithradates,  and  the 
results  of  eight  years'  warfare  were 
lost. 

Vm:v    55     (  ,i.  11.    ii.',   bellum 


ward  built.  Mithradates  escaped 
with  a  few  horsemen  and  fled  to 
Tigranes,  who  refused  to  receive 
him. 

quadiagiiita  iiiilia  :  cf.  centum 
Creticuni  iiie  war  was  in  reality  ;  fere  mllid,  i  li.  0. 
direckd  .igainst  the  pirates  who!  27.  Phamacis :  Pompey  had  been 
made  Tr'-to  tlKr'ir  1'*':vl(]uarters.  |  active  in  fostering  intrigues  in  the 
Ch.  12.  20.  Cii.  Porapeio:  by  '  family  of  Mithradates.  He  had 
the  (iabinian  law  Pompey  was  in-  caused  Pharnaces  to  revolt  and  to 
vested  with  absolute  authority,  both  i  ally  him.self  with  the  Romans,  and 


)i 


Pages  55-57] 


VOTES 


i  o 


had  proclaimed  him  king  at  Panti- 
capaeum. 

Pagi    5G  ventoum   hausit: 

Pharnaces  was  about  to  hand  iiim 
over  to  the  Romans.  Tiie  story  is 
that  he  was  so  inured  to  poisons 
that  he  was  compelled  to  end  his 
life  with  a  sword. 

Cn.  13.   7.   ab  Aitaxata:  Pom- 
pey was  following  iiim,  and  was  plan-  j 
ning  to  capture  his  capital  city. 

11.  Syria    Phoeiiice  :  also  Gala-  i 
tia,  CapiJciuuLia,  .liulapartof  Cilicia 
which    LucuUus    had    taken    away 
from  h'vv..  Pompey  refused  to  return. 

12.  Sophanene :  Pompey  made 
the  son  of  Tigranes  the  king  of 
Sophanf^no 

14.  commuvisset :  Subjunctive, 
giving  the  reason  of  the  Romans. 

Ch.  14.  22.  Syn  un  Syria  was 
disturbed  by  fierce  internal  dissen- 
sions. To  put  an  end  to  the  anarchy 
that  existed  there,  Pompey  resolved 
to  annex  it.  He  drove  from  the 
throne  Antiochus  Asiaticus,  who 
had  been  acknowledged  by  the  sen- 
ate and  by  Lucullus. 

Page  57.  2.  ludaeam  ;  the  Jews 
alone  refused  to  obey  his  orders,  and 
sustained  a  siege  of  three  months  at 
Jerusalem.  Although  Rome  had  no 
business  to  interfere  with  the  affairs 
in  this  part  of  the  East,  yet  the 
government  she  gave  to  the  prov- 
inces, formed  from  the  conquered 
territory,  was  stable  and  just  in  the 
main,  and  was  welcome  after  the 
state  of  anarchy  that  had  prevailed. 
Ch  15  "  L  Sergius  Catilina : 
Catiline  was  a  mt^mber  of  a  patrician 


family.     By  his  dis.solute  habits  and 
his  luxury  he  had  squandered  iul  his 
property  and  had  run  into  debt.    The 
only  relief  was  to  secure  the  consul- 
ship, that  at  the  expiration  of  his  term 
of  office  he  might  be  sent  to  govern 
.some   province,   from   the    plunder 
of  which  he  might  acquire  another 
fortune  to  be  spent  in  riotous  living. 
Failing  to  secure  the  consulship,  he 
determined  to  overthrow  the  state. 
He  formed  a  band  of  di.ssolute  nobles, 
collected    arms    in   various   places, 
stationed  an  armed  force  at  Faesulae 
in  Etruria.   and  made  all  prepara- 
tions for  an  outbreak  as  soon  as  the 
time  was  ripe.      Meanwhile  Cicero 
had  ascertained  all  Catiline's  plans 
by  the  aid  of  the  mistress  of  one  of 
the  conspirators.     Desiring  to  drive 
Catiline  to  some  overt  act,  he  assailed 
liim   in    the   senate    on    the  8th  of 
November.     The  oration  he  deliv- 
ered has  been  preserved.     Catiline 
ha.stencd  from  the  city  to  the  armed 
force  at  Faesulae.    The  conspirators 
who  were  left  in  the  city  were  soon 
'  caught   in   a    treasonable   act,   and 
were    arrested     and     strangled     in 
prison     by    order    of     the    senate. 
Afterwards  Cicero  was  accused  of 
having  put  Roman  citizens  to  death 
without  a  trial,  and  was  condemned 
to    exile    for   a    lime.     Creighton, 

p.     /" 

12.  Catiiina  ipse  :  it  was  not 
until  March  of  the  next  year  (62 
K.c.)  that  Catiline  was  surrounded, 
while  attempting  to  escape  into 
Gaul,  and  slain. 

Ch.  16.   10.   nulla  .   .      inix. :   in 


1  i  \ 


XO'JKS 


[Pa(;k  57 


this  tiiuiiiph  \va.s  displayed  a  list  of 
HOO  vessels,  1000  fortresses,  and  300 
cities  captured.  30  cities  repeopled, 
and  20,000  talents  of  gold  brou<,dit 
to  the  treasury.  '-The  great  con- 
(jueror  had  now  celebrated  his  third 
triumph.  His  first  had  been  for 
victories  in  Africa,  his  second  for 
the  overthrow  of  Sertorius  in  Eu- 
rope ;  he  had  now  completed  the 
illustrious  cycle  by  inscribing  on 
the  list  the  name  of  Asia.  Each 
section  of  the  globe  had  succumbed 
to  his  prowess." 

Ch.  17.  23.  C.  luiius  Caesar: 
Gains  Julius  Caesar  was  born  July 
12,  100  H.c.  He  was  of  a  patrician 
family,  but  from  the  finst  sided  with 
the  popular  party.  Many  stories  of 
his  early  youth  are  told.  He  be- 
came pontifex  maxinuis,  military 
tribune,  and  quaestor  in  succession. 
At  this  period  he  was  noted  chiefly 
as  a  dissolute  debtor  and  a  dema- 
gogue. In  62  H.c.  he  was  elected 
praetor,  and  the  next  year  went  as 
propraetor  to  govern  the  province  of 
Eurther  Spain.  In  60  b.c.  he  re- 
turned to  Home  and  formed  a  po- 
litical coalition  with  Pompey  and 
Crassus,  known  as  the  '  Eirst  Tri- 
umvirate." In  oO  B.C.  he  was  elected 
consul,  and,  after  the  expiration  of 
his  year  of  office,  entered  on  the 
governorship  of  Gaul  and  Illyricum 
for  the  period  of  five  years.  This 
v^-as  afterwards  extended  for  an- 
other period  of  the  same  length. 
While  governor  of  the  province  he 
con(iuered  the  Helvetians  and  a 
wandering    band   of    the   Germans 


who  had  come  over  into  Gaul, 
crushed  a  revolt  of  the  Xervii,  de- 
feated the  Veneti  and  the  Aquitani, 
and  twice  invaded  Germany  and 
Britain.  It  was  Caesar's  intention 
to  stand  for  the  consulship  a  second 
time  as  soon  as  his  term  of  office 
as  governor  of  Gaul  should  expire. 
Pompey,  meanwhile,  had  become 
jealous  of  Caesar's  power  and  had 
gone  over  to  the  senatorial  party. 
A  measure  was  passed  by  the  senate 
declaring  Caesar  to  be  an  outlaw 
unless  he  should  disband  his  army 
and  come  to  Rome  a  private  citizen 
before  a  certain  date.  On  Caesar's 
refusal  to  do  this,  he  was  declared  a 
public  enemy,  and  preparations  for 
war  were  made.  Caesar  advanced 
to  Rome.  Pompey  fled  to  (ireece, 
where  he  was  defeated  the  follow- 
ing year  at  Pharsalus,  and  after- 
wards was  nuirdered  in  Egypt.  At 
the  battle  of  Tjiapsus  in  Africa,  46 
B.C.,  Caesar  defeated  the  remaining 
leaders  of  the  party,  Cato  and  Scipio. 
This  was  the  end  of  the  war.  Ik- 
returned  to  Rome  and  was  made 
imperator  and  perpetual  dictator. 
He  inaugurated  several  important 
reforms,  among  them  a  reform  in 
the  calendar.  He  formed  many 
other  plans  which  his  death  pre- 
vented him  from  executing.  Finally, 
when  it  was  thought  that  he  was 
aiming  at  the  kingly  power,  a  con- 
spiracy was  formed,  and  he  was 
assassinated  on  the  fifteenth  day  of 
March,  44  b.c. 

"  While     other    illustrious     men 
have    been  reputed  great   for  their 


Pages  57-50] 


NOTES 


1  I 


excellence  in  some  one  department  1 
of  intellect,  the  concurrent  voice  of  | 
antiquity  has  declared  that  Caesar  ] 
was  great  in  all.  '  He  had  genius,' 
says  Cicero,  '  understanding,  mem-  | 
ory,  taste,  reflection,  industry,  and  ' 
exactness.'"  The  Story  of  the\ 
liomanii,  p.  176  ;  Creighton,  p.  74  ; 
The  Roman  Triumvirates,  Ch.  5. 

imperavit:    'was    emperor';    a 
late  meaning. 

Page   58.   1-    decreta    est :    for 
the  number  and  gender  see  H.  305, 1  \ 
(439,1);  M.  174,  2,  178,2;  A.  &  G. 
187,rt;G.285-6;B.235,A,2,B,2,?>,B. 

2.  Helvetios  .  .  Sequani :  Eu- 
tropius,  following  the  custom  of  his 
day,  unites  the  Helvetians  and  Se- 
quanians.  In  Caesar's  time  they 
were  quite  distinct.  The  Helvetians 
lived  in  what  is  now  Switzerland; 
the  Sequanians  were  west  of  the 
Jura  mountains  along  the  Rhone. 

7.  Britannis:  twice  he  invaded 
Britain.  The  first  time  it  was  a 
mere  reconnoissancc.  His  con(iuest 
was  only  partial. 

11.  quadriiigenties :  sc.  rentena 
m'lUa  spstertium  ;  about  §1,640,000. 

Geimanos  :  twice  Caesar  crossed 
the  iviune,  but  only  for  the  purpose 
of  impressing  the  Germans  with  the 
power  of  his  forces.  He  fought  no 
battles  there,  but  he  inflicted  terrible 
defeats  on  two  German  bands  that 
had  roiiio  nvr-v  into  Gaid. 

ru.  18.  1=  M  Licinius  Cras- 
sus :  there  was  no  cause  for  war 
against  the  Parthians,  but  Crassus 
was  anxious  to  make  himself  popu- 
lar by  winning  military  renown. 

HAZ.   EUTROPIUS  —  10 


18.  circa  Carras  :  the  overthrow 
at  Carrae  was  one  of  the  gravest  dis- 
asters ever  sustained  by  the  Roman 
arms  :  20,000  were  slain  and  10,000 
were  carried  into  captivity.  The 
Romans  who  were  made  prisoners 
were  treated  with  indulgence  by  the 
Parthians  and  were  allowed  to  settle 
in  the  land  of  their  conquerors. 
Creighton,  p.  77. 

Page  59.  Ch.  19  r  altemm 
consulatum:  this  he  demanUed 
in  accordance  with  the  agreement 
formed  between  Pompey,  Crassus, 
and  himself.  He  was  now  eligible 
for  a  second  consulship,  as  ten  years 
had  passed  since  he  was  consul  for 
the  first  time. 

5.  aliqua :  cf.  aliqnd,  Bk.  I,  3. 
contradictura  est  :  lit.  '  it  was 
opposed '  =  '  oi)position  was  made.' 
8.  iniuriam  :  "  the  '  mjury '  was 
in  depriving  him  of  his  military  com- 
mand, and  leaving  him  without  the 
security  the  consulship  would  have 
affortled."  He  was  willing  to  dis- 
band his  army  and  return  to  Rome 
if  he  could  be  elected  to  the  consul- 
ship in  his  absence,  or  if  Pompey 
would  disband  his  army. 

ab  Arimino  :  he  had  crossed  the 
small  stream  known  as  the  Rubicon 
which  separated  his  province  from 
Italy.  The  story  is  told  that  as  he 
crossed  the  stream  he  said,  '  The  die 
is  cast,  let  us  go  where  the  gods  and 
the  injustice  of  our  enemies  call  us.' 
mHites  congregates  habebat : 
'  kept  his  troops  collected.' 

Ch.   20.    14.    dictatorem  :    with 
the   exception   of   Sulla   there    ha<l 


1  in 


Xn'r]^>; 


[Pagks  59-01 


been   no  dictator  since  the  time  of 
the  Second  Punic  War. 

15.  exercitfis  .  .  .  siiperavit 
at  first  iie  met  witli  serious  reverses 
at  Ilenhi,  but  he  soon  succeeded  in 
compelling  the  Pompeians  to  sur- 
render, and  enrolled  most  of  them  in 
his  army. 

18.  prinid  pioeiio  di  iJyrrha- 
cium  Hi  iiiyiui, 

20.  nee  .  .  .  supeiaii  Indirect 
I)isconr<*'  'Ici^'n-linL:'  '^u  dixit. 

22.  Palaeopiiarsalum :  this  bat- 
tle is  generally  known  as  the  battle 
of  Pharsalia. 

Page  60.  Cn.  21  »  iniinquain 
.  .  .  iieque  .  .  .  neque  "a  gen- 
eral negative  may  be  subdivided  by 
nequp  .  .  .  neqiip^  or  aitt  .  .  .  a«t" 

7.  pugnatum  turn  est  .  Pompey 
would  have  refused  battle,  but  was 
urged  on  by  his  followers.  The 
knights  and  senators  who  fought  in 
the  Pompeian  ranks  soon  broke  and 
fled.  At  the  first  attack  Pompey 
fled  to  his  camp,  where  he  tried  to 
rally  his  routed  forces,  but  he  was 
unsuccessful.  Leaping  on  his  horse 
at  the  last  moment,  he  escaped 
through  the  rear  gate  of  the  camp, 
nor  did  he  draw  rein  until  he  reached 
Larissa.  Thence  he  hastened  to 
the  coast,  where  he  took  ship  for 
Egypt. 

9.  a  lege  Aegyptl  he  was  only 
a  nominal  king.  Kgypt  was  made  a 
pnn-ijH-p  bv  Augustus,  Bk.  VII,  7. 

11.  occidit:  he  caused  Pompey 
to  be  inveigled  into  a  boat,  where  he 
was  murdered  and  his  head  severed 
from  his  body.     His  corpse  was  flung 


into  the  surf,  where  it  was  picked  up 
later  and  burned. 

12.  quo  conspecto  :  '  and  when 
Caesar  had  seen  it.' 

14.  generi  quondam  sui :  Pom- 
pey had  married  Julia,  the  daughter 
of  Caesar,  in  CO  n.c.  It  was  her 
death  in  54  u.c.  that  tended  to 
loosen  the  bond  existing  between 
them . 

Ch.  2Z.  17.  victus  ;  Caesar  con- 
quered the  royal  forces  on  the  banks 
of  the  Nilp. 

18.  Aiexaiidiia:  when  Caesar 
set  fire  to  the  royal  fleet,  the  flames 
consumed  the  great  library  of  Alex- 
andria, containing  400,000  volumes. 
In  this  fire  some  of  the  greatest  lit- 
erary treasures  of  antiquity  per- 
ished. 

Cleopat  I  ae  :  the  famous  queen 
who  proved  to  be  the  ruin  of  Antony, 
Bk.  VIT,  0,  7. 

20.  Pompeio  in  auxuium  Ku- 
tropius  seldom  uses  the  double  Da- 
tive ;  cf.  Bomdius  fuisset  auxilio, 
Bk.  IV,  3. 

22.  vicit  acie :  it  was  after  this 
battle  that  Caesar  sent  to  the  senate 
the  famous  message  ven'i,  vidl,  vlc'i, 
'  I  came,  I  saw,  I  conquered.' 

Page  61.  Ch.  23.  2.  ei  .  .  .  dic- 
tator! :  '  while  he  was  dictator '  ; 
dictdtor'i  is  in  apposition  with  el. 

6.  hie  etiam  'he  also  '  ;  as  well 
as  Ca<^<'^r 

7.  M.  Poicius  Cato  :  he  was  the 
great-grandson  of  the  M.  Porcius 
Cato  mentioned  in  Bk.  IV,  23. 
He  is  known  in  history  as  Cato 
Uticensis,  from  Utica,  where  he  com- 


Pages  G1-G3] 


FES 


1  1 


mitted  suicide.  He  was  famous  for 
the  austerity  of  his  manners  and  for 
his  studied  imitation  of  the  customs 
of  early  days. 

0.  vietoi   liiit     in  the  battle  of 
Thapsus. 

Ch.  24.   15.  Cn    PoinpriiiB     he 
had  gone  into  Spain  and  had  gath- 
ered around  him  adventurers  of  all 
sorts.     At  first  Caesar  had  sent  of-  \ 
ficers  to  subdue  the  revolt,  but  find- 
.ing  their  efforts  unsucces.sful,  he  took 
command  in  person.     After  encoun- 
tering   great    personal    danger,    he 
gained  a  complete  victory.     Thirty 
thousand   of   the    vanquished    per- 
ished.     Gnaeus    Pompey     escaped 
from  the  field,  but  was  afterward 
overtaken   and   .slain.     Sextus,   the 
younger  son  of   Pompey,   was  the 
only  leader  of  the  republican  party 
left. 

Page  62.    <^"-   25.    1.   iionoies: 
'offices'  ;  political  h<mors. 

3.  regia  ac  paene  tyranniea : 
•  like  a  king  and  almost  like  a 
usurper.'  Nepos  defines  a  tyran- 
nus  as  one  '  who  is  in  perpetual 
power  in  that  state  which  enjoyed 
liberty.' 

8.  senatus  die:  'on  the  day  of 
the  senate '  ;  on  the  day  when  the 
senate  met. 

9.  euriam:  Caesar  was  slain  in 
the  Curia  in  the  Campus  Martins. 


Ch. 


Book  VII 

1.    12.    partiutr.   Caesaris  : 


'of  Caesar's  party.'  Antony  at 
first  pretended  to  favor  the  tyran- 
nicides ;  but  after  he  had  obtained 


possession  of  the  papers  and  treasure 
of  Caesar,  he  changed  sides  and  en- 
deavored  to  crush  them. 

10.  Oct  a  vi  111115  he  was  the  son 
of  Gains  Oetavius  and  Atia,  a 
daughter  of  Julia,  the  sister  of 
Caesar.  After  his  adoption  he  took 
the  name  of  Octavianus. 

19.  Augustus  :  this  was  a  title 
conferred  upon  iiim  after  the  battle 
of  Actium,  when  he  refused  the 
title  of  dictator. 

remm  potitus :  potior  regularly 

takes  Lue  tji  iiiiive  in   this  phrase. 

Cf.  AUfandrln  potltiis,  Bk.  VI,  22. 

'      qui  .  .  .  ties  duces :  'these  three 

leaders.' 

20.  viceiuiit  eum  in  the  battle 
of  Mutii!^    43  n.c- 

Page   63.    -.    moieientui  :    they 
.  were  wounded  in  battle,  but  Augus- 
tus was  accused  of  having  murdered 

them. 

Ch.  2.  3.  Lepidum  :  Marcus 
Aemilius  Lepidus,  Bk.  VI,  1,  5,  23. 
He  was  in  Gaul  at  this  time,  being 
governor  of  Gaul  and  Spain.  After 
he  received  Antonius,  they  cros.sed 
the  Alps  at  the  head  of  a  large  body 
of  troops  and  met  Augustus  in  the 
north  of  Italy. 

6.  pacem  .  •  fecit  this  was 
known  as  the  '  Second  Triumvirate.' 
Antony,  Augustus,  and  Lepidus  di- 
vided   the    Roman     world     among 

them. 

8.  vTcesimo    anno  .    he   was  far 

below  the  legal  age,  43. 

9.  senatiim  pi'scnpsit:  300 
senators  and  -^ookj  KiuguLs  were  in- 
cluded in  the  pro.scripti  -n.     "  Each 


148 


NOTES 


[Pages  63,  64 


marked  his  victims'  names  upon  the 
fatal  list,  and  each  consented  to  give 
up  adherents  of  his  own  to  the  greed 
or  hatred  of  his  colleagues." 

11.  Ciccio  orator  occisus  est: 
Augustus  tried  to  save  him,  but 
Antony,  whose  hatred  Cicero  had 
incurred,  demanded  his  death,  and 
Augustus  was  forced  to  yield. 

Cn.  3.  17.  Philippos  the  bat- 
tle of  riiilippi  was  fought  in  Novem- 
ber, 42  n.r.  Creighton,  p.  82  ;  The 
Boman  TriHmvlrates,  p.  210. 

1!».  Cassius  :  Cassius  was  routed 
and  committed  suicide. 

Brfitnir.  after  his  forces  were 
routed,  Ikuius  was  compelled  to  kill 
himself  to  prevent  capture. 

inflnTtam  nobilitatem  :  '  very 
many   ui  liie  nitbility.' 

21.    divisa     est    res     piiblica : 
Lepidu.T  loi.k  the   province   of   Af- ' 
rica,  Augustus  the  West,  and  An-  ' 
tony  tho  I'nst, 

23.   belluni  civile  ;  after  the  cap- 
ture of  Terusia,  Antony  threatened 
war',   but    he    made    a   truce   with 
Augustus,  whose  sister  Octavia  he  | 
married.  I 

Pack  64-  C'li.  4.  1.  Sex.  Poni- 
pei5  :  the  son  of  Pompeiiis  Magnus^ 
cf.  Bk.  VI,  24.  He  had  collected  a 
band  of  pirates  and  had  made  him- 
self master  of  the  Mediterranean.      ; 

5.  pax  pos^ienio  coiiveiiit : 
the  agreement  at  Misenum.  In  ac- 
cordance with  this,  Ponipey  was  to 
retain  his  command  over  the  sea 
and  the  islands  of  Sicily,  Sardinia, 

and  Corsica.  | 

I 

Cn.  5.  0.   M    Aniippa  .    Marcus 


Vipsanius  Agrippa  had  been  a  fel- 
low-student with  Augustus.  He 
was  a  gallant  soldier  and  a  devoted 
friend.  It  was  largely  by  his  aid 
that  Augustus  secured  his  power 
and  retained  it. 

7.  Persas :  i.e.  the  Parthians. 
Eutropius  used  Persae  for  the  Par- 
thians who  claimed  descent  from 
the  old  Persian  kings. 

10.  Crassum  occiderat :  Bk. 
VI,  18. 

11.  triumphuni  Rcinac  egit: 
several  of  the  Koman  standards  lost 
at  Carrhae  were  restored  by  the 
Parthians,  and  were  carried  in  the 
triumphal  procession. 

Cn.  6.  12.  navali  proelio:  at 
the  battle  of  Naulochub,  30  b.c. 
The  Boman  Triumvirates,  p.  219. 
Shortly  afterward  Lepidus  set  up  the 
standard  of  revolt.  He  was  de- 
feated by  Augustus  and  his  power 
was  taken  from  him,  but  his  life 
was  spared. 

10.  ipse  pugnavit :  he  lacked 
the  engines  necessary  for  reducing 
the  strongly  fortified  cities  of  the 
enemy,  and  besides  he  was  very 
anxious  to  return  to  Alexandria. 

17.  fame  .  .  iaboiavit:  his 
retreat  has  been  compared  to  the 
flight  of  Napoleon  from  Moscow. 

18.  pro  victo :  'for  conquered' 
=  '  a.s  if  conc^uered.' 

Ch.  7.  20.  dum  .  .  .  optat=o/)- 
tdns^  '  hoping.'  The  world  could  not 
endure  two  masters.  It  was  nat  ural 
that  they  should  disagree,  and  that 
the  stronger  should  conquer, 

22    apiid  Actium     September  2, 


Pages.  64-66] 


NOTES 


li'.! 


31  B.C.  Antony  had  collected  a 
large  naval  and  land  force,  but  his 
ships  were  too  large  to  be  handled 
easily,  and  many  of  his  land  forces 
deserted.  In  the  midst  of  the  fight 
Cleopatra  fled  in  her  galley,   and 


antea  :  sc.  detU'runt. 

8.  Crasso  victo  :  '  from  Crassus 
when  he  was  d.  frntPfl.' 

Ch.  10.  14.  Ill  iioiioiem  eius : 
the    compliment    was    not    in    the 


Antony  basely  deserted   his  forces  '  foundiuii.  but  in  the  naming 


and  followed  her.     Creighton,  p.  82  ; 
The  Roman  Triumvirates,  p.  225. 

23.  ex  qua:  the  antecedent  of 
qua  is  pfcjna. 

25.  exstincta  est :  she  was  too 
proud  to  be  carried  to  Pome  to 
adorn  the  triumphal  procession  of 
her  conciueror. 

Page  65.  <^^'"-  8-  "•  duodecim 
aiuiis  =  per  annos  above  :  the  Abla- 
tive makes  the  limits  of  the  time 
more  prominent  than  the  duration 


18.  Divus  appellatus  :  i.e.  he 
was  deifled  and  became  the  object 
of  a  national  worship.  In  the 
provinces  he  was  worshiped  before 
his  death. 

Tiberio  :  Tiberius  Claudius  Nero 
was  the  son  of  Tiberius  Nero  and 
Livia,  the  third  wife  of  Augu.stus. 
He  flrst  married  the  daughter  of 
Agrippa,  whom  he  divorced  at  the 
connnand  of  the  Emperor  and 
married  Julia,  Augustus'  daughter 


8.  principatus  :  '  leadership  '  ;  I  and  the  widow  of  Marcus  Agrippa. 
afterwards  the  '  sovereignty '  of '  After  the  death  of  Gains  and 
the  emperors  ;  cf .  j)rl«fei).s  English  !  Lucius  Caesar,  the  sons  of  Agrippa 


'  prince.' 

10.   inoi  te  comnium :  '  a  natural 


and  Julia,  Tiberius  was   given   the 
tribunician  power  and  was  adopted 
death'  ;  cf.  morhd  deees.^it,  Bk.  1,3.  j  by  Augustus  as  his  success- 
There   was   a   report   that   he   was       Ch.  11.    21.    ingenti    socoidia 


poisoned  by  Livia,  his  wife. 

11.  Atella:  it  is  generally  agreed 


.  .  .    libidine :    probably  Uu-  »-iiar- 
actcr  of  Tiberius  was  maligned  by 


that  he  died  at  Nola,  near  Naples.       the  Roman  historians.     The  people 

sepultns  est:  the  ruins  of  his  disliked  him  on  account  of  his 
mausoleum  still  exist.  ''dark    and   gloomy    temper,    with 

12  ex  maxima  parte:  '  in  very  no  grace  or  geniality  of  manner, 
many  iLsptM  l.>.  .shunning  the  pleasures  of  the  peo- 

15.  civilissime  :  '  in  a  manner  \  pie,  and  seldom  generous  or  open- 
most  becoming  a  citizen'  ;  cf.  |  handed."  But  we  must  note  the 
c'lv'iles,  Bk.  I.  0.  I  many  marks  of  bias  and  exaggera- 

10.  ut  .  .  .  suo :  '  that  he  placed  tion  in  the  common  story,  and  we 
them  almost  on  a  level  with  his  own  may  well  believe  that  the  ancient 
dio-nitv.'  1  writers  formed  too  harsh  an  opinion 

17.  aequaret:  sc.  eos.  Aequdre  oi  his  motives  in  some  cases,  and 
may  also  take  cum  with  the  Ablative,  i  reported    scandalous     gossips     too 


>n 


NOTES 


[Pages  GG-68 


lightly.       Creighton,     pp.      80-01  ; 
The  Efirhj  FJmpfvp,  Ch.   II. 

25.  Aichelauiii.  he  was  sum- 
moned to  Rome  soon  after  the  ac- 
cession of  Tiberius  and  accused  of 
treason.  His  life  was  spared,  but 
he  was  obliged  to  remain  at  Home, 
where  he  died  in  17  a.i>. 

Vm.k  67,  1  Caesarea :  called 
Caesarea  ad  Anjaewn  to  distin- 
guish it  from  other  cities  of  the 
same  name.  It  was  situated  at  the 
foot  of  Mt.  Argaeus  and  was  a  place 
of  great  antiquity,  its  foundation 
having  been  ascribed  to  Mesech, 
the  son  of  Japhet 

Ch.  12  "  C  Caesar:  Gains 
Caesar  Augubiub  Uc-nnanicus  was 
the  son  of  German icus  and  Agrip- 
pina.  He  was  born  in  the  camp, 
probably  in  Germany,  and  was 
reared  among  the  soldiers.  He  re- 
ceived the  surname  of  Caligula  from 
his  being  arrayed  in  a  mimic  uni- 
form and  wearing  a  pair  of  cnligae 
or  soldiers'  boots.  At  first  he  ruled 
well  ;  but  his  sense  of  power  turned 
his  head,  and  the  latter  part  of  his 
reign  was  marked  by  excesses  of  all 
sorts."  Creighton,  p.  02  ;  The  Early 
Empire,  Cli    III 

(  if,  13.  1  ).  Claudius.  Tiberius 
Claudius  Drusus  Nero  Caesar  Ger- 
mans us  \v!-  The  second  son  of 
Drusus  and  An*  nia.  ih^  l)rother 
of  Urniianicus,  the  father  of  Ca- 
ligula. In  early  life  he  had  been 
\\(  ,ik  in  Hiina  ann  bodv,  and  had 
been  despised  or  neglected.  As 
t an;  r  x  !h  was  ruled  by  his 
wives  and  favorites,  Narcissus  and 


Pallas.  He  was  poisoned  by  his  la.st 
wife,  Agrippina,  who  was  anxious 
that  her  son  Domitius  Ahenobarbus 
by  her  former  husband  might  suc- 
ceed to  the  empire.  Suetonius  in 
his  '  Lives  of  the  Caesars '  gives  a 
very  dark  picture  of  the  reign  of 
Claudius.  Creighton,  p.  9.*] ;  The 
Early  Empire,  Ch,  IV. 

22.  BiitainiicI  ,  the  son  of 
Claudius  and  Mes.salina,  his  first 
wife.  On  the  accession  of  Nero, 
Britannicus  was  poisoned. 

Page  68  Cii.  14.  1.  Nero  : 
Clttudius  Caesar,  surnanied  ^seio, 
was  the  son  of  Domitius  Aheno- 
barbus and  Agrippina.  His  early 
youth  was  spent  in  study  under  the 
philosopher  Seneca,  who  remained 
his  counselor  for  several  years. 
During  the  first  five  years  of  his 
reign  he  was  mild  and  just.  The 
later  years  were  filled  with  all  S(^rts 
of  excesses,  and  were  marked  by 
great  cruelty.  Creighton,  p.  03; 
The  Early  Empire  Ch.  V. 

0.  Hi  bem  Roniam  iiicendit :  it 
is  very  improbable  that  Nero  was 
guilty  of  this  crime.  Rome  was 
almost  destroyed  in  this  conflagra- 
tion. Of  the  fourteen  districts  into 
which  the  city  was  divided,  only  four 
remained  untouched  by  the  fiames. 
The  fire  raged  for  six  days  and 
seven  nights ;  and,  after  it  was 
thought  to  have  been  extinguished. 
it  burst  forth  again,  and  continued 
for  two  days  longer.  On  this  occa- 
sion Nero  appears  to  have  acted 
with  great  liberality  and  kindness. 
He  caused  provisions  to  be  sold  at  a 


Pages  68-70] 


NOTES 


l."l 


very  low  price  and  the  imperial  gar-  emperors  from  this  time  on  were 
dens  to  be  opened  to  the  people,  set  up  and  overthrown  at  the  wdl 
and  temporary  shelters  to  be  erected  of  the  army.  He  was  very  parsi- 
for  their  accommodation.  That  he  monious  in  his  dealings  and  so  lost 
mi-ht  remove  suspicion  from  him-  the  good  will  of  the  soldiers,  who 
self,  Nero  caused  it  to  be  reported  were  ready  to  aid  any  revolt  agauist 
that  the  Christians  had   set  fire  to    him.      He     ruled    for    only    seven 


the  city,  and  a  number  of  them  was 
.seized  and  put  to  death.  This  wiis 
the  first  persecution  of  the  Chris- 
tians by  the  Romans,  04  .v.d 


months.      Creighton,    p.    90;    The 
Early  Empire,  Ch.   ^'T 

Cii.  17.   12    Otlio      Marcus  Sal- 
vius    Otho    was     iionian     emperor 
Ch    15.  22.  a  saxo  :  .sc.  Tarpeid.    ivom   January   15   to   April    10,  09 
23    liberti  :  his  name  was  Phaon.  '  a.i».     He  was  the   husband  of  the 
Salariara :    the  Via  Salaria  ran  ,  beautiful     but    infamous    Poppaea 
north  from  Rome  to  Ancona  on  the    Sabina,  whom  Nero  took  from  him 
^,^^lj.jj^ti(._  and  made  his  own.     He  was  after- 

24.'  interfecit:  ''At  last  comes  I  wards  sent  to  Lusitania,  where  he 
Rliaon's  courier  with  the  news  that  |  governed  with  justice  and  modera- 
the  senate  had  put  a  price  upon  his  j  tion.  Creighton,  p.  00  ;  The  Early 
head  ;  the  tramp  of  the  horses  tells    Empire.  Cli.  \\\. 


him  that  his  pursuers  are  on  his 
track,  and  fear  gives  him  the  nerve 
to  i)ut  the  dagger  to  his  throat, 
while,  true  to  the  pa.ssion  of  his 
life,  he  mutters,  '  What  a  lo.ss  my 
death  will  be  to  art ! '  "  The  Early 
Eri)p^>'''   1'-  127. 

2o.  Neionianae :  the  ruins  of 
the  bath  may  still  be  seen  near  the 
Pantheon. 

Pa<:i  69.  ^^  l.Serv.Galba: 
Servius  Sulpicius  Galba  was  born  in 
the  reign  of  Augustus  of  a  patrician 
family.  He  was  in  Spain  when 
Julius  V index,  the  proconsular  gov- 
ernor of  Gaul,  rose  against  Nero. 
(Jalba  joined  him,  and  Otho,  gov- 
ernor of  Lusitania,  followed  his  ex- 
ample. He  was  saluted  as  emperor 
by  the  soldiers,  and  the  senate  was 
forced  to  ratify  their  choice.     The 


14.  nioiiis  :   ^effeminate.'' 

22.  voluniaua  moite  obiit :  he 
put  an  end  to  his  life  at  Brixelluni 
in  Cisalpiiie  Gaul. 

2:'    rionaggaimo  ct   quinto   im 
pcui  die  :  Eutropius  is  slightly  mis- 
taken. 

Paoi    70.  ^  i8     '     Vitelliiis  : 

Aulus  Vitellius  was  Roman  emperor 
from  January  2  to  December  22,  GO 
A. I..  When  the  news  of  Galba's 
death  reached  I'pper  Germany, 
where  Vitellius  was  in  command, 
his  legions  proclaimed  him  emi)eror 
at  Cologne.  He  immediately  sent 
his  generals,  Fabius  Valens  and 
Caecina,  at  the  head  of  a  large 
force,  to  Italy,  and,  having  defeated 
Otho's  troops,  obtained  the  undis- 
puted command  of  all  the  West. 
He  was  moderate  in  his  rule,  dls- 


l>Js^ 


150 


X^^TES 


[Pa(;k.s  GC)-6S 


lif^htly.       Creighton,     pp.      8(1-01  ; 
The  EarJn  Empire,  Ch.   II. 

25.  Archelaum :  he  was  sum- 
moned to  Rome  soon  after  the  ac- 
cession of  Tiberius  and  accused  of 
treason.  His  life  was  spared,  but 
he  was  obliged  to  remain  at  Home, 
where  he  died  in  17  a.d. 

Pace  67.  ^  Caesaiea:  called 
Caesarea  ad  Argaeiim  to  distin- 
guish it  from  other  cities  of  the 
same  name.  It  was  situated  at  the 
foot  of  Mt.  Argaeus  and  was  a  place 
of  great  anti<iuity,  its  foundation 
having  been  ascribed  to  Mesech, 
the  son  of  Japhet. 

Cn.    12  C     Caesar:    Gains 

Caesar   Augustus  Germanicus   was  | 
the  son  of  Germanicus  and  Agrip-  | 
pina.     He  was   born   in    the  camp,  ! 
probably    in     Germany,    and    was 
reared  among  the  soldiers.     He  re- 
ceived the  surname  of  Caligula  from  ' 
his  being  arrayed   in  a  mimic  uni-  j 
form  and  wearing  a  pair  of  caligae  \ 
or  soldiers'  boots.     At  first  he  ruled 
well ;  but  his  sense  of  power  turned 
his  head,  and  the  latter  part  of  his 
reign  was  marked  by  excesses  of  all 
sorts."    Creighton,  p.  02  ;  The  Early 
Empire,  Ch.  h  1 

Cn.  13.  1.}.  Claudius:  Tiberius 
Claudius  Drusus  Nero  Caesar  Ger- 
manicus was  the  second  son  of 
Drusus  and  Antonia,  the  brother 
of  Germanicus,  the  father  of  Ca- 
ligula. Ill  early  life  he  had  been 
weak  in  mind  and  body,  and  had 
been  despised  or  neglected.  As 
emperor  he  was  ruled  by  his 
wives  and  favorites,  Narcissus  and 


Pallas.     He  was  poisoned  by  his  last 

j  wife,  Agrippina,  who  was  anxious 

that  her  son  Domitius  Ahenobarbus 

i  by  her  former  husband  might  suc- 

I  ceed   to  the  empire.      Suetonius  in 

his  'Lives  of  the  Caesars'  gives  a 

very   dark   picture   of  the  reign  of 

Claudius.     Creighton,   p.    00 ;    llie 

Earl II  Empire,  Ch.  IV. 

22.  Britannici  :  the  son  of 
Claudius  and  Messalina,  his  firtst 
wife.  On  the  accession  of  Nero, 
Britannions;  was  poisoned. 

Pack    Qg,     Cn.   14.     1.     Nero  : 
Claudius    Caesar,    surnamed   Nero, 
was   the  son  of   Domitius    Aheno- 
barbus  and   Agrippina.     His  early 
j  youth  was  spent  in  study  under  the 
philosopher  Seneca,  who  remained 
I  his    counselor    for    several    years. 
During  the   first  five   years  of  his 
reign   he  was  mild  and   just.     The 
j  later  years  were  filled  with  all  si^rts 
of  excesses,   and   were  marked  by 
great  cruelty.      Creighton,    p.    03; 
i  The  Early  Empire,  Ch.  V. 
j      0.  urbem    Ronnni   incendit :  it 
is   very  improbable    tliat   Nero  was 
guilty   of    this    crime.     Rome   was 
almost  destroyed  in  this  conflagra- 
tion.    Of  the  fourteen  districts  into 
which  the  city  was  divided,  only  four 
remained  untouched  by  the  flames. 
The   fire   raged   for    six    days   and 
seven    nights;    and,    after    it    was 
thought  to  have  been  extinguished, 
it  burst  forth  again,  and  continued 
for  two  days  longer.     On  this  occa- 
sion  Nero    appears    to  have  acted 
with  great  liberality  and  kindness. 
He  caused  provisions  to  be  sold  at  a 


Pacjes  68-70] 


NOTES 


lol 


very  low  price  and  the  imperial  gar- 
dens to  be  opened  to  the  people, 
and  temporary  shelters  to  be  erected 
for  their  accommodation.  That  he 
might  remove  suspicion  from  him- 
self, Nero  caused  it  to  be  reported 
that  the  Christians  had  set  fire  to 
the  city,  and  a  number  of  them  was 
seized  and  put  to  death.  This  wjus 
the  first  persecution  of  the  Chris- 
tians by  the  Romans,  (54  .v.d. 

Ch.  15.  22.  a  saxo  :  sc.  Tarpeia. 

2o.  liberti :  his  name  was  Phaon. 

Salariam :  the  Via  Salaria  ran 
north  from  liome  to  Ancona  on  the 
Adriatic. 

24.  interfecit :  "At  la.st  comes 
Phaon's  courier  with  the  news  that 
the  senate  had  i)ut  a  price  upon  his 
head  ;  the  tramp  of  the  horses  tells 
him  that  his  pursuers  are  on  his 
track,  and  fear  gives  him  the  nerve 
to  i)ut  the  <lagger  to  his  throat, 
while,  true  to  the  passion  of  his 
life,  he  mutters,  '  What  a  loss  my 
death  will  be  to  art ! '  "  'The  Early 
Empire.  ]>.  127. 

25.  Neronianae  :  the  ruins  of 
the  bath  may  still  be  seen  near  the 
Pantheon. 

Pa.  yy.  16.  1.  Serv.  Galba  : 
Servius  Sulpicius  Galba  was  born  in 
the  reign  of  Augustus  of  a  patrician 
family.  He  was  in  Spain  when 
Julius  Vindex,  the  proconsular  gov- 
ernor of  Gaul,  rose  against  Nero. 
Galba  joined  him,  and  Otho,  gov- 
ernor of  Lusitania,  followed  his  ex- 
ample. He  was  saluted  as  emperor 
by  the  soldiers,  and  the  senate  was 
forced  to  ratify  their  choice.     The 


emperors  from  this  time  on  were 
set  up  and  overthrown  at  the  will 
of  the  army.      He  was  very  parsi- 

j  monious  in  his  dealings  and  so  lost 
the  good  will  of  the  soldiers,  who 
were  ready  to  aid  any  revolt  against 
him.  He  ruled  for  only  seven 
months.  Creighton,  p.  90 ;  J  he 
Early  Empire.  Ch.   VI. 

I      Cn.  17.   Vl    Otho      Marcus  Sal- 

j  vius  Otho  was  Roman  emperor 
from   January   15   to   April    10,  00 

i  A.i».  He  was  the  husband  of  the 
beautiful  but  infamous  Poppaea 
Sabina,  whom  Nero  took  from  him 
and  made  his  own.  He  was  after- 
wards sent  to  Lusitania,  where  he 
governed  with  justice  and  modera- 
tion. Creighton,  p.  00  ;  The  Early 
Empire,  Ch.  VII. 

14.  mollis:   'effeminate.' 

22.  voluntaria  inoite  obiit :  he 
put  an  end  to  his  iiie  at  lirixellum 
in  Cisalpine  Gaul. 

23.  nonagesimo  et  quTnto  im- 
perii die  ;  l';nti-o])iii.>  l^^  .•>iigiiLi}  mi>- 
taken. 

Pa(;i:  70.  s  a.  18.  i.  Vitelims  : 
Aulus  Vitellius  was  Roman  emperor 
from  January  2  to  December  22,  00 
.\.i>.  When  the  news  of  Galba's 
death  reached  Ui)i)er  Germany, 
where  Vitellius  was  in  connnand, 
his  legions  proclaimed  him  emperor 
at  Cologne.  He  immediately  sent 
his  generals,  Fabius  Valens  and 
Caecina,  at  the  head  of  a  large 
force,  to  Italy,  and,  having  defeated 
Otho's  troops,  obtained  the  undis- 
puted connnand  of  all  the  West. 
He  was  moderate  in  his  rule,  dis- 


152 


NOTES 


[Pages  70,  71 


turbing  no  one  in  the  enjoyment 
of  what  had  been  given  by  Nero, 
Galba,  or  Otho.  He  was  a  glutton 
and  an  epicure,  spending  enormous 
sums  on  his  table.  Creigliton,  p.  90 ; 
The  Early  Empire,  Ch.  VIII. 

10.  id  ferret :   '  aimed    so 

openly  at  Luis.' 

V].  cum  Capitolio  : ''  In  the  con- 
fusion of  the  light  the  famous  temple 
of  Jupiter  caught  fire.    All  were  too 
busy  to  give  time  or  thought  to  stay 
the  flames,  and  in  a  few  hours  only 
ruins  were   left  of  the  greatest  of 
the  national  monuments  of  Home, 
which,  full  of  the  associations  of  the 
past,  had  served  for  ages  as  a  sort 
of  record  office  in  which  were  treas- 
ured the  memorials  of  ancient  his- 
tory, the  laws,  the  treaties,  and  the 
proclamations   of  old   times.     The 
loss  was  one  that  could  not  be  re- 
placed."    The  Earhj  Empire,  p.  14(). 
17.  iiiTibeiim  .   .  .  sepultura : 
Eutropius   is   mistaken.     Ilis  body 
was   recovered   and   buried   by  his 
wife,  Galeria  Fundana. 

Ch.  19  .  '  Vespasianus:  Titus 
Flavins  babnius  Vespasian.  He  was 
proclaimed  emperor  at  Alexandria 
on  the  1st  of  July,  G9  a.d.,  although 
it  was  a  year  before  he  entered 
Rome.  He  lived  more  like  a  pri- 
vate person  than  like  the  emperor 
of  Rome.  The  many  stories  that 
are  told  of  his  avarice  and  his  meth- 
ods of  raising  money  are  probably 
exaggerated.  Although  he  was  fru- 
gal in  his  personal  expenditures,  he 
spent  large  sums  in  adorning  the 
city.     He  was  the  first  of  the  Fla- 


vian dynasty.  The  others  were  his 
two  sons  and  successors.  He  died 
on  the  24th  of  June,  79  a.d.  "  His 
last  words  were  characteristic  of  his 
somewhat  cynical  humour,  '  Me- 
thinks  I  am  becoming  a  god.'  " 
Creighton,  p.  90  ;  The  Early  Empire, 
Ch.  IX. 

Page  71.  8.   Hierosolyma    Ves- 
pasian was  besieging  Jerusalem  when 
the  war  broke  out  between  Otho  and 
Vitellius.      When    he    started    for 
Rome  he  left  Titus,  his  son,  in  charge 
of  the  war  against  the  Jews.     Titus 
captured  the  city  after  a  stubborn 
siege  of  five  months,  September  8, 
70  A.D.,  and  despite  his  efforts  the 
Temple  was  burned.     Thousands  of 
Jews  perished  in  the  siege. 
11.  egerant  =  fupra)it. 
Ch.    20.     15.     coercitor :     'en- 
forcer ' ;    the  word  is    apax    lego- 
viPiion. 

hic  .  .  .  triumphavit:  in  71  a.d. 
when  Titus  returned  to  Rome. 

20.  geiiituram  .  .     habuit:  'he 
so  knew  the  horoscope  of  his  sons.' 
Cii    21  Titus  :  Titus  Flavins 

Sabinus  Vespasian.  His  early  years 
were  spent  in  military  service  in 
Britain  and  Germany.  He  won 
great  credit  as  a  general  and  a  sol- 
dier. When  he  returned  to  Rome 
after  the  fall  of  Jerusalem,  he  con- 
ducted himself  in  such  a  manner  as 
to  cause  a  fear  that  his  rule  would 
resemble  that  of  Xero.  But  after 
he  became  emperor  he  changed  his 
manner  of  living,  and  his  whole 
reign  was  marked  by  a  sincere  desire 
for  the  happiness  of  his  people.    The 


Pages  71-74] 


NOTES 


153 


year  79  a.d,  is  memorable  for  the 
great  eruption  of  'Vesuvius,  attended 
by  the  destruction  of  Pompeii  and 
Herculaneum.  He  completed  the 
Colosseum,  often  called  the  Flavian 
Amphitheater.  When  he  died,  after 
a  reign  of  only  two  years,  there  was 
a  suspicion  that  he  had  been  poi- 
soned by  his  brother  Domitian. 
Creighton,  p.  98  ;  The  Early  Em- 
pire, Ch.  X. 

20.  omnium  .  .  .  mirabilis :  're- 
markable for  every  species  of  virtue.' 
Page  72.  Cir.  22.   17.  tamquam 
.   .  .   orbitate  :  '  mourned  as  for  a 
loss  in  their  own  families.' 

Ch.  23.  21.  Domitianus:  Titus 
Flavins  Domitian.     Vespasian  was 
aware  of  his  son's  disposition  and 
put  no  confidence  in  him.     When 
Vespasian  died,  Domitian   tried  to 
arou.se  the  .soldiers  against  his  brother 
Titus.      After  his  brother   became 
emperor,  Domitian  was  treated  with  | 
great  kindness,   and  several  offices  | 
were  shared  with  him.    At  first  mild 
and  just,  he  soon  became  suspicious 
and  cruel.     In   Britain  alone  were 
the  Roman  arms  successful  during 
his  reign.     In  all  other  places  defeat 
and   disgraceful   compromises  with 
the  enemy  marked  his  campaigns. 
Finally  his  cruelty  became  unbear- 
able, and  a  conspiracy  was  formed 
by  the  officers  of  the  guard,  several 
of  his  intimate  friends,  and  even  his 
wife   Domatilla,  and   he  was  slain 
after  a  desperate  struggle.     Creigh- 
ton, 1).  98 ;  The  Early  Empire,  Ch.  XI. 
27.   dominum  :    here  it  has  the 
New  Testament  meaning,  '  Lord.' 


:  Page  73.  10.  Paiatio :  in  the 
Flavian  Pakice  on  the  l*alatine  Hill. 

I  Extensive  remains  of  this  structure 
still  exist.  At  first  the  word  PaJd- 
tium  was  applied  only  to  the  hill, 
but  from  the  time  of  Augu.stus  it 
meant  a  'palace,'  especially  the  im- 
perial palace  of  the  Caesai-s. 


Book  VIII 

Ch.  1.  20.  Nerva  :  Marcus  Coc- 
ceius  Xerva  was  born  at  Narnia  in 
Umbria  in  32  a.d.     He  was  consul 
with  Vespasian  in  71  a.d.  and  with 
Domitian  in 90  a.d.    After  the  assas- 
sination of  Domitian  he  was  declared 
emperor  by  the  Roman  people  and 
the  soldiers,  and  his  administration 
restored  tranciuillity  to  the  troubled 
state.       He     stopped     proceedings 
against   those    accused    of    treason 
and   permitted   many  exiles  to   re- 
I  turn.     Though  he  was  virtuous  and 
I  humane,   he   did    not    possess    the 
I  necessary   vigor    for    checking  the 
'  many    abases    that    existed.       He 
j  adopted   as  his  son   and  successor 
j  Marcus    Ulpius    Traian,    who    was 
then  at  the  head  of  the  army  in  Ger- 
many.   He  died  .suddenly  on  the  27th 
of  January,  98  a.  n.  Creighton,  p.  99  ; 
The  Af/eofthe  An  to  nines,  Ch.  I. 

22.  operam  dante:  'giving  him 
aid,  assisting  him.' 

Petroiiio  Secundo.  Paiiheiiio; 
Xerva  could  not  prevent  the  Praeto- 
rian soldiers  from  putting  them  to 
death. 

Page  74.  •'>•  aetatis  .  .  .  ami 6  : 
Eutropius  is  mistaken.  lie  was 
sixty-five  years  old  when  he  died. 


1'l 


NOTES 


[Pages  74,  75 


1  intei  Divos  relatus  est:  cf. 
D'iijus  apptiintus,  Bk.  \'H,  10. 

('ii.  2.  5.  Traianus :  Marcus 
Ulpius  Traiaii  was  burn  at  Italica 
Tiear  Seville  in  Spain,  September  18, 
52  A.u.  He  was  trained  to  arms, 
and  rose  tiirough  the  various  offices 
to  the  rank  t)f  i)raetor.  He  was 
adopted  by  Xerva  in  97  a.i».  After 
Xerva's  death  he  became  emperor, 
beinjjj  the  first  Roman  emperor  wlio 
was  born  out  of  Italy.  He  was  a 
jjjreat  soldier  and  a  good  adminis- 
trator. Good  sense,  a  knowledge  of 
the  world,  and  sound  judgment 
characterized  him.  Just  and  sin- 
cere in  his  desire  for  the  happiness 
of  the  people,  he  was  one  of  the 
best  emperors  that  governed  Rome. 
He  crushed  the  Dacians,  success- 
fully waged  war  against  the  Par- 
thians,  and  brought  peace  and 
prosi)erity  to  the  whole  Roman 
world.  Creighton,  p.  1)9  ;  The  Aye 
of  the  Antonines^  Ch.  II. 

13.  Daciini:  Trajan  conducted 
two  campaigns  against  the  Dacians, 
101-lOn  A.i>.  and  104-100  a.i>.  On 
his  return  from  the  second  cam- 
paign he  celebrated  a  triumph  and 
entertained  the  people  with  games 
lasting  123  days,  '•  It  is  said  that 
11,(K)0  animals  were  slaughtered 
during  these  anuisements,  and  that 
10,000  gladiators  fought  in  the 
arena.'' 

10.    te^nuit  =  hi/lnn'f. 

Ch.  3.  17.  Aiinemam .  Trajan 
began  Ihis campaign  in  114  a. d.  The 
winter  of  the  same  year  he  spent  at 
Autioch.    During  the  next  two  years 


he  conquered  the  greater  part  of  the 
Parthian  empire,  taking  the  capital 
city  Ctesiphon 

Page  75.  ^'"-  *•  •^''  amicos  .  .  . 
frequentans  :  'going  often  to  his 
friends  to  .salute  then!  ' 

4.  iestos  dies  iiabuissent: 
'they  were  celebrating  feast  days.' 

indiscreta  :  '  with  no  distinction 
of  rank.' 

0.  iiihil  .  .  .  ageiis  :  his  finances 
were  prosperous,  partly  owing  to 
good  management,  and  partly  from 
the  success  of  certain  mining  opera- 
tions in  Dacia. 

9.  per  orbem  .  .  .  inulta  :  "He 
constructed  several  good  roads  in 
the  provinces  and  Italy  ;  among 
them  was  the  road  across  the 
Pomptine  Marshes.  At  Ostia  h^' 
built  a  large  new  basin.  At  Rome 
he  constructed  the  aciucduet  called 
by  his  name,  built  a  theater  in  the 
Campus  Martins,  and,  above  all, 
made  the  Forum  Traianum,  with  its 
basilicas  and  libraries,  and  his 
column  in  the  center." 

10.  nihil  non  ■  the  figure  of  Li- 
totes, uiiinuuig  a  thing  by  denying 
its  contrary  ;  cf.  iion  compdndf^scf, 
Bk.  I,  2. 

Cir.  5.  19.  belli  doniique :  H. 
484,  2  (420,  2)  ;  M.  242,  2  ;  A.  &  (J. 
258,  (?;  Ct.  411,  2;   B.  232,  2. 

20.  Seluciam :  it  is  generally 
stated  that  he  lived  to  reach  Selinus 
in  Cilicia,  where  he  died  in  August, 

117   A.I). 

23.  solus  .  .  .  sepultus  est :    he 

was  the  only  one  of  the  emperors 
who   was   buried    within   the   city. 


P 


.\(iES   <.) 


-77] 


NOTES 


1.^.- 


This  privilege  was  enjoyed  l)y  the 
Vestal  Virgins. 

24.  ill  foro :  the  Fnmm  Tnlid- 
num  was  probably  the  most  mag- 
nificent (»f  all  the  Roman  fora.  It 
occupied  a  large  space  between  the 
Capitoline  and  the  Quirinal  Hills, 
the  latter  of  wiiich  was  cut  away  to 
make  room  for  it.  Among  the  many 
buildings  it  contained  were  two 
libraries,  one  for  Latin  and  the  other 
for  Greek  mamiscripts.  It  contained 
also  the  famous  Column  of  Trajan. 
This  column,  composed  of  huge 
drums  of  white  marble,  is  pierced 
within.  A  bas-relief  of  the  chief 
events  of  the  Dacian  war  wiiids 
round  the  shaft.     It  is  still  standing. 

2'  CXT JV  pedes  :  this  was  the 
heigiiL  oi  luc  quirinal  Hill  that  was 
cut  nway. 

20.  habet  =  fsf. 

huiuB  .  .  .  delatuiii  est :  '  so 
nmch  respect  has  been  paid  to  his 
memory.' 

Page  76.  Cu.  6.  3.  Aeiius  Ha- 
driaiius:  Publius  Aeiius  Hadrian 
was  with  Trajan  when  the  latter 
died.  With  the  consent  of  the 
Syrian  army  he  assumed  the  reins 
of  government  and  his  act  was  rati- 
fied by  the  senate.  Although  he 
lost  some  of  the  territory  that  Tra- 
jan had  added  to  the  Empire,  he 
strengthened  and  united  the  re- 
mainder. He  was,  in  general,  a 
just  and  able  ruler  ;  yet  at  times  he 
showed  him.self  revengeful,  suspi- 
cious, and  cruel.  He  died  of  drop.sy 
at  Baiae,  138  a.i>.,  in  the  sixty-third 
year  of  his  life.     Creighton,  p.  100  ; 


Thr    Afjc    o/    thr    Antouiurs,    Ch. 
III. 

7.  gloriae  iiividens .  more  prob- 
ably he  .saw  that  the  Empire  had 
become  too  large  to  be  governed 
successfully. 

Cii.  7.  17.  orbem  Roiiianum 
circumiit:  he  visited  every  ])rov- 
ince  in  the  Emi)iro,  correcting 
abu.ses,  and  examining  the  adminis- 
tration of  government. 

18.  multa  aedificavit:  among 
other  famous  buildings  the  Mau.s(t- 
leum  of  Hadrian,  now  called  the 
Castle  of  St.  Angelo. 

Ch.  8.  27.  T.  Aiitrjumus:  liis 
full  name  was  Titus  Aurelius  Ful- 
vius  Boionius  Antoninus,  called  Pius 
becau.se  he  pci'suaded  the  senate  to 
grant  to  his  adopted  lather  Hadrian 
the  apotheosis  and  other  hoiiois 
usually  paid  to  (lecea.sed  emperors. 
"  His  reign  is  almost  a  blank  in  his- 
tory—  a  blank  caused  by  a  siLspcn- 
sion  for  a  time  of  war,  violence, 
and  crime."  Although  he  waged 
no  war  for  conquest,  he  defended 
the  provinces  with  vigor,  warring 
again.st  the  Moors  and  Britons,  and 
the  untamed  races  of  the  Rhine  and 
the  Ilanube.  Creighton,  p.  101  ; 
The  Age  of  the  xhitonino^.  Ch.  TV. 

Page  77.  ^-  bonis  honoieni 
habens :  '  paying  respect  to  the 
good.' 

14.  Lorium :  in  Etruria  on  the 
Via  AnrcUa. 

Cn.9.  18.M    An^5iiTiius  Veins 
he    is  generally  kn(»wn   as   Marcus 
Aurelius.     He  was  the  adopted  son 
of    Antoninus    Pins.       When    only 


156 


NOTES 


[PAGE^ 


^  <  < 


'0 


twelve  years  old  he  assumed  the 
philosophic  mantle  and  gave  him- 
self up  to  the  study  of  philosophy, 
attaching  himself  to  the  Stoic  school. 
After  he  became  emperor  he  asso- 
ciated Lucius  Antoninus  Verus,  his 
brother,  with  him  in  the  govern- 
ment. Although  they  were  entirely 
different  in  character,  they  reigned 
conjointly  with  no  disagreement. 
His  'Meditations'  have  survived. 
Creightcm,  p.  101  ;  The  Age  of  the 
Antiniines,  Ch.  V. 

2o.  singulos  .  .  .  Augustos  : 
'  one  Augustus  (emperor)  at  a  time.' 

Ch  10  28.  contra  Parthos : 
Lucius  Verus  nominally  had  the 
guidance  of  the  war,  but  it  was  car- 
ried on  by  his  lieutenants  while  he 
lingered  in  Antioch. 

rw.E  78.  Cu.  12  2^  Apollo- 
iiiiim  Chalcedoaiiini :  called  Apol- 
iouiu.s  Dyscoius.  *•  He  is  the  father 
of  scientific  Grammar,  being  the  first 
to  reduce  it  to  a  systematic  form." 

24.  Froiito :  ]\Larcus  Cornelius 
From...  lie  acquired  great  reputa- 
tion as  a  rhetorician  and  grammarian 
at  Rome  in  the  reign  of  Hadrian. 
Some  of  his  letters  to  his  pupils, 
Marcus  Aurelius  and  Lucius  Verus, 
were  found  in  the  present  century. 

hie  .  .  .  egit :  '  he  treated  all  at 
Rome  with  e(|uality.' 

20.  pioviiicias  .  .  .  tractavit : 
he  did  not  visit  the  provinces,  but 
kept  himself  thoroughly  informed  of 
the  details  of  their  administration. 

Page  79.  ^-  ©o  prmcipe  :  'dur- 
ing his  reign  ' ;  cf.  his  reynantibiis, 
Bk.  I,  2. 


belium  .  .  .  Maicomaumcum : 
the  Marcomanni,  '  men  of  the 
marshes,'  were  a  German  tribe 
that  threatened  destruction  to  the 
Roman  Empire.  For  thirteen  years 
Marcus  Aurelius  with  difficulty  held 
them  in  check.  He  built  many  for- 
tresses and  a  great  wall  to  restrain 
them. 

2.  quantum  .  .  .  fuit  :  '  it  was 
greater  than  any  in  the  memory 
of  man';  i.e.  there  had  been  no 
war  with  the  Germans  equally  for- 
nudable. 

5.  pestilentiae  :  the  plague  broke 
out  in  107  A.i).  and  lasted  for  sev- 
eral years,  despite  all  efforts  to 
check  its  ravages.  It  was  probably 
brought  to  Rome  by  the  soldiers  re- 
turning from  the  expedition  against 
the  Parthians. 

Cii.  13.  10  Qiiadi:  a  powerful 
people  whodweiL  in  the  southeastern 
part  of  Germany.  They  had  been 
taken  under  the  protection  of  Rome 
by  Tiberius.  In  174  A.n,  IVLarcus 
Aurelius  defeated  them  in  a  fierce 
battle.  They  appear  again  during 
the  reign  of  Gallienus  (Bk.  IX,  8). 
Towards  the  end  of  the  fourth  century 
they  disappear  from  history.  The 
Age  of  the  Ant07u')ies.Y)\\  10(5-108. 

Vandali :  a  confederacy  of  Ger- 
man peoples,  who  dwelt  originally 
on  the  northern  coast  of  Germany. 
Later  they  settled  north  of  the 
Marcomanni,  whom  they  joined. 
They  invaded  Spain,  and  later 
Africa.  Under  their  king  Gense- 
ric  they  invaded  Italy,  and  took 
and  plundered  Rome,  455  a.d. 


Pages  70-81] 


XOTES 


Suevi:  an  important  confederacy 
of  German  tribes.  Their  name  sur- 
vives in  the  modern  Suabia. 

1'").  Caesareni  fecerat :  the  title 
of  Caesar  was  now  given  to  the  per- 
son next  in  rank  to  the  emperor, 
and  who  was  intended  to  succeed 
him. 

15.  indlcere  .  .  .  aliquid  :  '  to 
make  any  demands  on  the  provinces 
or  the  senate.' 

10.  instruraentum  regiicultus : 
'royal  furnituif.'' 

22.  comparata  :  *  their  purchases.' 

Cn.  14.  28.  obiit.  he  died  at 
Vindobi^na.  now  Vienna. 

29.  vitae  LXI :  it  is  generally 
said  that  he  died  in  the  fifty-ninth 
year  of  liis  life. 

Paoi  80.  !  15.  i  L  Anto- 
ninus Commodus :  he  was  the 
son  of  Marcus  Aurelius,  but  like 
him  in  no  respect.  After  conclud- 
ing a  disgraceful  treaty  with  the 
Germans,  he  hastened  to  Rome, 
where  he  gave  him.self  up  to  the 
grossest  vices.     Creighton,  p.  102. 

0.  in  amphitheatre  :  he  was  the 
con<|ueror  in  7^]5  combats.  Nothing 
delighted  him  more  than  to  be  called 
the  '  Hercules  of  Rome.' 

7.  strangulatus  vel  veneno  :  he 
was  poisoned  and  afterwards  .stran- 
gled by  his  favorite  Marcia. 

Cn.  16.  11.  Pertinax :  Creigh- 
ton, p.  1(»;5. 

Cn.  17.  18.  perpetuum  compo- 
suit  edictum  :  this  was  a  digest  of 
the  mass  of  edicts  that  had  been 
issued  by  the  praetors  and  the  pro- 
vincial governors.     It  was  the  basis 


of  the  Corjms  luris  Clvilis  of  Jus- 
tinian. 

19.  Mulvium  poiitem :  about 
two  miles  north  of  Rome,  on  the 
Via  Flaminia.  Here  the  ambassa- 
dors of  tlie  Allobroges,  that  had 
been  tampered  with  by  the  fellow- 
conspirators  of  Catiline,  were  ar- 
rested, 0.3  n.c.  The  foundations  of 
this  bridge  still  remain  and  are 
built  into  the  Poiite  Mollo  at  the 
same  place. 

Cn.  18.  21.  Septimius  Severn B 
Lucius  Septimius  Seveius  was  l wm- 
mander  in  chief  of  the  army  in 
Pannt^nia  and  Illyria  at  the  death 
of  Pertinax,  193  a.i>.  He  was  pro- 
claimed emperor  by  the  army.  For 
nearly  a  hundred  years  the  emperors 
were  made  and  unmade  at  the  will 
of  the  soldiers.     Creiufhton,  p.  104. 

23.  omni  memoria:  'in  all 
time.' 

24.  fisci  advocatus :  a  Roman 
officer  appointed  to  look  after  the 
interests  of  the  imperial  treasury. 

Pack  gl.  Gw.  19.  1(5.  vallum  .  .  . 
deduxit :  the  celebrated  wail  of 
Severus,  extending  from  the  Solway 
Frith  to  the  mouth  of  the  Tyne. 
It  was  erected  to  prevent  incursions 
of  the  Caledonians. 

17.  Eboraci  :  the  modern  York. 

22.  Geta  .  .  .  periit :  he  was 
murdered  by  order  of  Caracalla. 

Cn.  20.  2.'*.  Caracalla  :  the  name 
of  Caracalla  was  derived  from  a 
species  of  Gallic  cassock  he  intro- 
duced at  Rome. 

24.  monim  .  .  .  hiit :  his  whole 
life  was  only  one  series  of  cruelties 


158 


NOTES 


[Pa(;es  81-81 


and  acts  of  extravagant  folly. 
Creighton,  p.  105. 

25.  thermae  Aiitornnianae  : 
these  accunimutiiiLt'd  about  1000 
persons  at  once.  The  ruins  are 
still  to  he  seen. 

^'*>'  f  82.  <'"•  22.  0.  M.  Aure- 
lius  Antoninus  :  known  in  history 
as  lleliogabahis.  lie  was  the  grand- 
son of  Maesa,  sister-in-law  of  Sep- 
tiniius  Severus,  and  the  son  of 
Syniiasera.  He  was  priest  in  the 
temple  of  the  Sun  at  Emesa  in 
Syria  when  Caracalla  died.  Through 
the  instrumentality  of  his  grand- 
mother he  was  proclaimed  emperor 
by  the  soldiers  and  acknowledged 
by  the  senate.  He  was  the  most 
profligate  of  the  Roman  emperors. 

Cii.23  '••-  Alii  cliiis  Alexander : 
Marcus  Aurelius  Alexander,  gener- 
ally known  as  Alexander  Severus. 
He  had  been  adopted  by  lleliogaba- 
his and  had  been  created  Caesar. 
"  He  was  distinguished  by  justice, 
wisdom,  and  clemency  in  all  public 
transactions,  and  by  the  simplicity 
and  purity  of  his  private  life." 
Creighton,  p.  106. 

20.  adsessSrem  :   '  legal  adviser.' 

21.  Ulpianuni :  Domitius  Ulpia- 
nus  was  one  of  the  most  celebrated 
Koman  lawyers.  His  works  are 
often  (pioted  in  the  Corpus  Juris 
Ch''iUs  of  Justinian.  He  was  assas- 
sinated in  a  nuitiny  of  the  soldiers 
caused  by  his  strict  discipline. 

Book  IX 

Page  83.  Cn.  1.  1 .  Maximinus  : 
his  full  name  was  Gains  lulius  Verus 


Maximiims.  He  was  born  of  barbaric 
parentage,  his  father  being  a  Goth 
and  his  mother  a  German.  He  was 
famous  for  his  gigantic  size  and  his 
marvelous  feats  of  strength.  His 
government  was  cliaracterized  by 
oppression  and  excesses. 

Cn.  2.  9.  Gordiauus :  Marcus 
Antonius  Gordianus  was  the  grand- 
son of  the  elder  Gordianus.  He 
was  a  mere  boy,  probably  not  more 
than  twelve  years  old,  when  he 
was  proclaimed  emperor  by  the 
soldiers. 

Paoi  Si.  Cn.  3.  1.  Philippi: 
Marcus  lulius  Philippus  I  was  an 
Arabian  by  birth.  After  the  death 
of  Misithus,  the  father-in-law  of 
Gordianus,  he  became  praetorian 
praefect,  and  caused  the  soldiers  to 
revolt,  to  slay  Gordianus,  and  to 
proclaim  himself  emperor.  He  pro- 
claimed his  son  of  the  same  name 
Caesar,  though  lie  was  only  seven 
years  old. 

3.  millesimiis  annus  this  anni- 
versary was  marked  by  the  celebra- 
tion of  the  Saccular  Games  with 
unusual  magnificence,  248  a.d. 

Cn.  4.  8.  Decius :  his  full  name 
was  Gaius  Me.-^.sius  Quintus  Tra- 
ianus  Decius.  He  was  sent  by 
Philippus  to  Moesia  to  crush  an 
insurrection,  and  was  compelled  by 
the  soldiers  to  proclaim  himself 
emperor.  His  reign  was  occupied 
chiefly  with  warring  again.st  the 
Goths.  He  persecuted  the  Christians 
with  great  severity. 

Ch.  6.  21.  exstinctus  est  he 
was  slain  by  the  soldiers. 


pAciKs  81-88] 


NOTES 


1.V^ 


Cn.  7.  /.'J.  Galiieniis  the  .son  of 
Valerian  us. 

Page  85.  ^-  superatus  est :  at 
first  V'alerianus  was  successful ;  but 
he  followed  the  enemy  too  rashly. 
He  was  captured  near  Edessa.  After 
his  death  his  skin  was  stuffed  and 
long  preserved  as  a  trophy  in  the 
chief  temple  of  the  nation. 

Cn.  9.  22.  Postumus  :  this 
period  is  known  as  the  '  Kule  of  the 
Thirty  Tyrants.'  These  men,  who  I 
revolted  from  Gallienus  and  set  up  [ 
separate  governments  for  them- 
selves, were  noted  in  the  main  for 
their  courage.  They  repelled  the 
invaders  and  established  govern- 
ments that  gave  peace  and  secu- 
rity to  their  provinces. 

28.  vilissimus  opifex :  he  is  said 
to  have  been  a  smith,  ferri  opifex. 

Pagk  S6  "  matrimonia:  liere 
has  a  coiicrt'U'  lUL'uning,  •  wives.' 

Cn.  10.  10.  Odenathum  :  he  was 
the  ruler  of  Palmyra.  He  checked 
tlie  incursions  of  the  Persians  and 
drove  Sapor  out  of  Syria.  In  re- 
turn for  tlie.se  services  Gallienus 
honored  him  with  the  title  of  Au- 
gustus. 

Cn.  11.  10.  occisusest:  he  was 
slain  by  his  soldiers  while  besieging 
.Milan. 

18.  Gothos  .  .  .  vicit:  he  con- 
(piered  the  Goths  at  Naisus  in  Dar- 
dania  and  received  the  surname 
(Jothicus  in  consequence. 

Page  8T  ^''>-  13.  :■  A  aeli- 
anus :  his  reign  presents  a  succes- 
sion of  brillimt  exploits,  and  it 
seemed  for   a   time    that   he  would 


restore  Home  to  her  former  posi- 
tion. The  Goths,  Vandals,  and  the 
Alemanni'were  conquered.  ZeiK >bia, 
who  had  succeeded  her  husband  as 
ruler  of  Palmyra,  was  captured  and 
carried  to  Home.  Tetricus  was 
crushed  near  Catalauni.  Aurelian 
commenced  many  works  of  public 
utility,  including  a  new  city  wall. 
He  was  on  his  way  to  cha.stise  the 
Persians  when  he  was  killed  by 
some  of  his  officers,  a  conspiracy 
having  been  formed  against  him. 
Creighton,  p.  100. 

11.  •  Eripe  me':  Aeneid,  '  i. 
3G5. 

12.  Zenobiam  :  she  was  not  con- 
tent with  the  power  .she  had,  but 
tried  to  extend  her  sway  over  all 
Syria,  Asia,  and  Egypt.  Aurelian 
captured  Palmyra  in  273  a.d.,  and 
took  her  pri.soner.  After  adorn- 
ing his  triumphal  procession,  her 
life  was  spared  and  she  lived  near 
Tibur  for  several  years. 

occiso  Odenatho  :  it  is. said  that 
he  was  a.ssassinated  and  that  Zeno- 
bia  ha<l  -^  i'  'ud  in  it. 

Pagi.  88.  Ch.  15.  2.  Daciam 
.  .  .  intermisit :  he  made  the  Dan- 
ube the  boundary  of  the  empire,  as 
Augustus  had  done. 

8.  servi  :  the  private  secretary  of 
the  emperor.  He  is  generally  said 
to  have  been  a  freedman. 

13.  mors  .  .  .  fuit  :  Tacitus  had 
the  as.sassins  put  to  death  soon  aftei 
the  beginning  of  his  reign. 

Cn.  17.  21.  Probus:  his  fidl 
name  w;is  Man  us  Aurelius  Probu.s. 
He  was  as  just  and  virtuous  a.s  he 


160 


NOTES 


[Pages  88-04 


was  warlike,  and  is  deservedly  re- 
garded as  one  of  the  greatest  and 
best  of  the  TJonian  emperors. 

27.  apud  Sirmium  :  it  was  his 
birthplnpo. 

Va('1  89.  ^-  tumultu  militari: 
the  soldiers  mutinied  because  lie 
had  employed  them  in  laborious 
public  works. 

Cii.  18  14.  oculonim  dolore 
correptus :  '  affected  with  a  dis- 
ease of  the  eye.' 

Cii,  19  •  inatrimoiiia :  cf. 
vpltrhndnia,  Ch.  9. 

I'agi  90  ■  Diocletianum  :  he 
was  born  near  ISalona  in  Dalmatia. 
lie  rose  hi  the  army  from  one  posi- 
tion to  another  until  on  the  assassi- 
nation of  Numerianus  he  was  chosen 
emperor.  He  made  a  great  change 
in  the  system  of  government.  In 
280  A.i).  he  associated  Maximianus 
with  himself  as  a  colleague  and  gave 
liim  the  title  oi  Augustus.  Six 
years  later,  292  a.d.,  Constantius 
Chlorus  and  Galerius  were  pro- 
claimed Caesars,  and  the  govern- 
ment of  the  Roman  world  was 
divided  among  four  men,  Diocletian 
taking  the  East,  with  Nicomedia  as 
Ins  residence  ;  Maximianus  taking 
Italy  and  Africa,  with  Milan  as  his 
residence  ;  Constantius  taking  Brit- 
ain, Gaul,  and  Spain,  with  Treves 
as  his  residence  ;  Galerius  taking 
Illyrieum  and  the  whole  line  of  the 
Danube,  with  Sirmium  as  his  resi- 
dence. This  division  was  natural 
and  possessed  many  advantages.  It 
was  the  only  way  that  the  falling 
empire    could    be    preserved,    and 


a  semblance  of  union  retained. 
Creighton,  p.   100. 

Ch.  21.  22.  strenuae  militiae  6r- 
dine :  '  by  a  course  of  active  service.' 

24.  accepisset :  ^c.  impfrhini. 

29.  Britaiiiiias  occupavit :  in 
287  A.D. 

Tage  91.  Cii,  22.  5.  Constan- 
tium  :  siu'iiamed  Cblorus,  '  the  pale.' 

0.  nep5s  Claudi :  '  the  grand- 
nephew  of  Claudius.'  He  was  the 
son  of  Eutropius,  a  Dardanian  no- 
ble, and  Claudia,  daughter  of  Chris- 
pus,  the  brother  of  Claudius, 

14.  pax  conveiiit :  Carausiuswas 
recognized  as  a  colleague. 

Page  92.  Cii.  25.  18.  extrinse- 
cus  =  praetered,  a  late  usage. 

Cn.  26  28.  regiae  consuetu- 
dinis  lormam :  Diocletian  intro- 
duced the  customs  of  an  Oriental 
monarch.  He  wore  the  diadem,  the 
robes  of  silk  and  gold,  and  replaced 
the  republican  form  of  salutation  by 
the  adoring  prostration  of  the  East. 

Cir,  27.  9.  ingravescente  aevo  : 
he  was  sixty  years  old,  being  born 
in  245  A.D,,  and  abdicating  in  -W)  a.d. 

17,  pompa  ferculorum  inlustri : 
'  with  a  famous  succession  of  pic- 
tures.' Fcrcula^ve  representations 
of  cities,  rivers,  and  other  objects 
in  the  conquered  countries,  carried 
in  procession  at  a  triumi)li. 

Cii.  28,  24,  post  iiatos  homi- 
nes: 'since  men  were  created,' 

Book  X 

Page  94.  Cii.  1.  11.  adeo  .  .  . 
niodici :  '  of  so  modest  a  mode  of 
living.' 


Pages  04-97] 


NOTES 


bA 


13.  argeiito  :   'silver  plate.' 
ti'clinia:    properly  a  couch  for 

three  persons  reclining  at  meals. 
Here  it  means  the  table,  which  was 
square,  and  surrounded  on  three 
sides  by  one-armed  couches,  while 
the  fourth  side  remained  open  for 
convenience  in  serving.  Each  couch 
accommodated  three  ix^rsons,  who 
reclined  upon  the  left  arm. 

14.  Gallis  :  he  had  reserved  Gaul 
for  his  peculiar  province. 

17.  Eboraci:  he  was  on  an  ex- 
pedition against  the  Picts. 

Page  95.  Cn,  2,  1.  Coustanti- 
nuB  :  known  in  history  as  Constan- 
tine  the  Great.  The  most  important 
change  he  introduced  was  the  adojv 
tion  of  Christianity  as  the  state  re- 
ligion. The  story  is  told  that  while 
marching  from  Gaul  at  the  head  of 
his  legions,  he  saw  in  the  heavens  a 
luminous  cro.ss  with  this  inscription, 
'By  this  conquer.'  In  313  ad.  he 
issued  the  famous  Milan  decree  that 
gave  imperial  sanction  to  the  religion 
of  the  Christians.  Although  he 
openly  acknowledged  Christianity, 
his  religion  was  a  strange  mixture  of 
Christianity  and  Paganism.  Creigh- 
ton, p.  112. 

0.  in  villa  public^ :  a  building 
in  the  Cam[)us  Martius,  intended  for 
a  lodging  house  or  hotel  for  foreign 
ambassadors. 

11,  quaa  .  .  .  habuit :  'which 
he  utterly  disregarded.' 

Ch.  3.  18.  nudare :  '  to  deprive 
of  his  power,' 

Page  96-  ^"-  4.  1.  Licinius: 
his  full   name  was  Publius  Flavins 

HAZ.    EITROPIIS  —  11 


Galerius  Valerius  Licinianus  Lichi- 
ius.  By  birth  he  was  a  Dacian 
peasant,  and  an  early  friend  and 
companion  of  the  Emperor  Gale- 
rius. He  was  invested  with  the 
command  of  the  Illyrian  province 
in  307  A.D.  After  the  death  of 
Galerius  he  concluded  an  arrange- 
ment with  Maximiims,  by  which 
the  Hellesi)ont  and  the  Bosporus 
were  to  form  the  boundary  of  the 
two  empires.  After  his  marriage 
with  the  sister  of  Constant ine,  he 
and  Constantine  strove  with  each 
other  for  the  undivided  sovereignty 
of  the  Homan  world. 

Cn.  5.  20.  apud  Cibaias  :  this 
was  in  the  great  battle  (,i  Adrian- 
ople,  July,  323  a.d.  ,  and  was  followed 
by  the  reduction  of  l^.vznntinm. 

Cii.  6.  25.  apua  I-ficomediam : 
this  victory,  September,  323  a,d., 
made  Constantine  the  sole  ruler  of 
the  Roman  Empire,  Licinius  was 
made  a  prisoner,  and  although  his 
life  was  spared  for  a  time,  Constan- 
tine had  him  put  to  death  in  324  a.d. 

27.  tribus  Caesaribus  iliey 
were  the  sons  of  Constantine  the 
Great,  Constantine,  Con.stans.  and 
Constantius, 

Page  97.  20.  urbem  ndminis : 
Con.stantinople,  a  city  which  he 
built  on  the  site  of  ancient  Byzan- 
tium. This  he  aimed  to  make  his 
capital  city.  Here  he  had  a  second 
senate,  a  praefect  of  the  city, 
regiones,  and  even  larges.ses  ;  all  of 
which  showed  that  the  supremacy 
of  Rome  was  at  an  end, 

24.  in  vTIIt  piiblica  :  a  building 


162 


XOTKS 


[Pagks  !»7-102 


similar  in   character  to  the  one  at 
Home,  Ch.  2. 

Vxr.E  98.  Cu.  10.  l.j.  Con- 
stant! :  he  ruled  from  887  to  8(51  a.d. 
He  was  tlie  third  son  of  Constaiitiue 
the  Great.  Under  him  the  whole 
empire  a,t;aiii  became  subject  to  one 
ruler.  Ikit  in  855  .v.d.  he  was  com- 
pelled to  make  Julian  Caesar  and  to 
vSend  him  into  Gaul  to  oppose  the 
barbarians. 

Page  99.  Cir.  14.  24.  lulianum  : 
called  the  Apostate,  because,  al- 
though he  had  been  brought  up  a 
Christian,  later  he  rejected  Christi- 
anity and  returned  to  Paganism. 
He  was  a  brave  soldier  and  a  good 
general.  Forced  by  his  soldiers  to 
as.sume  the  purple,  he  hesitated  to 
begin  a  civil  war,  but  was  relieved 
of  the  necessity  by  the  opportune 
death  of  Constantius  in  301  a.d. 
"Julian  was  an  extraordinary  ciiar- 
acter.  As  a  monarch,  he  was  inde- 
fatigable in  his  attention  to  business, 
upright  in  his  administration,  and 
comprehensive  in  his  views  ;  as  a 
man,  he  was  virtuous  in  the  midst 
of  a  profligate  age,  and  did  not  yield 
to  the  luxurious  temptations  to 
which  he  was  exposed."  Many  of 
his  literary  works  are  extant. 
Creighton,  p.  110. 


Pagi:  100  Ch.  16.  21.  cui 
,  .  .  .  interfui :  what  part  Eutropius 
I  took  in  this  expedition  is  not 
I  known. 

24.  remeans  victor :  in  the  last 
'  battle  fought  on  the  20th  of  June, 
J  Julian  was  mortally  wounded  by  an 
i  arrow  and  died  the  same  day. 

Pa<.i:  101.  Cir.  17.  15.  lovi- 
§nus :  his  full  name  was  Flavins 
Claudius  Jovian.  His  short  reign  is 
remarkable  only  for  the  disgraceful 
peace  he  made  with  the  Persians. 
Although  he  was  a  Christian,  he  pro- 
tected the  pagans. 

20.  flnibus:  he  agreed  that  the 
Romans  would  surrender  their  ct)n- 
quests  beyond  the  Tigris  and  would 
give  up  several  fortresses  in  Meso- 
potamia. 

24.  Pontium  Telesinum :  it  is 
generally  stated  that  Gavius  Pontius 
was  the  leader  of  the  Samnites  in 
the  battle  of  Caudine  Forks.  Per- 
haps Eutropius  confuses  him  with 
Pontius  Telesiiuis,  the  leader  of  the 
Samnites  in  tlie  Social  war. 

Paoe  102.  Cii.  18.  8.  nimia 
cruditate  :   'violent  indigestion.' 

21.  quam  .  .  .  reservamus: 
whether  lie  ever  fulfilled  his  inten- 
tion and  wrote  another  book  is 
unknown. 


ABBREVIATIONS 


-•o*- 


ahl. 

=  ablative. 

imp. 

=  imperfect. 

abs. 

=  absolute. 

impers 

.  =  impersonal. 

aec. 

=  accusative. 

incep. 

=  inceptive. 

act. 

=  active. 

incho. 

=  inchoative. 

adj. 

=  adjective. 

ind. 

=  indirect. 

adv. 

=  adverb. 

indt'cl. 

=  indeclinable. 

of. 

==  compare  (confer). 

indef. 

=  indetinite. 

com  p. 

=  comparative. 

intens. 

=  intensive. 

con  j . 

=  conjunction. 

iter. 

=  iterative. 

contr. 

=  contraction. 

m. 

=  masculine. 

(hit. 

=  dative. 

n. 

=  neuter. 

dem. 

=  demonstrative. 

nom. 

=  nominative. 

desid. 

=  desiderative. 

num. 

=  numeral. 

dim. 

=  diminutive. 

pass. 

=  passive. 

disc. 

=  discourse. 

pers. 

=  personal. 

e.g. 

=  for  example  {evempli 

pi. 

=  plural. 

gratia). 

prep. 

=  preposition. 

end. 

=  enclitic. 

pres. 

=  present. 

f. 

=  feminine. 

pron. 

=  pronoun. 

freq. 

=  frequentative. 

sc. 

=  supply  (scilicet) 

sen. 

=  genitive. 

sub. 

=  substantive. 

i.e. 

=  tbat  is  {id  est). 

sup. 

=  superlative. 

Compound  verbs  are  treated  under  the  simple  verbs  from  which  they  are 
derived.  To  this  there  are  two  exceptions  :  (1)  When  neither  the  simide 
verb  nor  any  other  compound  formed  from  it  occurs  in  the  text,  and  (2)  in 
the  case  of  certain  verl)S  like  sfuno  and  swr/o,  which,  thoufjh  themselves  com- 
pounds, came  tt>  be  re,i?arded  as  simple  verbs,  and  served  as  a  basis  for  other 
compounds.  The  star  pretixed  to  certain  simple  verbs  indicates  that  they  are 
not  found  in  the  text,  but  that  two  or  more  compounds  occur. 

All  matter  within  square  brackets  is  etymological.  The  bracketed  words 
when  not  translated  occur  independently  in  the  Vocabulary. 

164 


YOCABULAia 


A.,  abbreviation  of  the  praenomen 
Aulus. 

a,  ab,  abs  (a  only  before  consonants 
or  h,  ab  before  vowels  .and  conso- 
nants, abs  usually  only  before  t  and 
q,  especially  frequent  before  te), 
prep,  with  abl.,  1,  of  place,  from, 
away  from,  out  of;  2,  of  time, froin, 
since,  after  ;  3,  of  agency,  by  ;  4,  of 
separation,  source,  cause,  from, 
throiif/li,  ber((Kse  of. 

abdQco,  see  dQco. 

abeo,  see  eo. 

aboleo,  ere,  evi,  itus  [ab  +  oleo], 
to  destroy,  abolish,  wipe  out. 

abrogo,  see  rogo. 

absens,  sentis  [orig.  part,  of  absum] , 
ailj.,  ((fist' II  f,  (I  tea  if. 

absimilis,  e  [ab  -h  similis],  a<lj.,  un- 
like. 

abstineo,  see  teneo. 

absum,  see  sum. 

abundantia,  ae  [abundo,  to  ovei'- 
^fiow:  ab  +  unda],  f.,  plenty,  full- 
ness, ahiunhince. 

ac,  see  atque. 

accedo.  see  ced5. 

accido,  s('(»  cado. 

accipio,  see  capio. 

acclamo.  are,  avi.  atus  [ad  + 
clamo,  to  shout],  to  shout  loudly, 
exclaim. 


acer,  acris,  acre,  comp.  acrior, 
sup.  acerrimus,  vid\.,  sharp,  bitter; 
keen,  vigorous,  lierce. 

acerbe  [acerbus],  adv.,  bitterly, 
crui'Uf/,  S'ri'i-eh/. 

acerbitas,  atis  [acerbus],  f.,  harsh- 
ness, severity,  unkindness. 

acerbus,  a.  um,  adj.,  bitter,  harsh, 
cruel. 

Achaea,  ae,  f.,  a  district  in  the  Pelo- 
poiniesus.  Later  the  Roman  prov- 
ince' of  Southern  Greece. 

Achilles,  is,  m.,  a  famous  Greek 
chief  at  the  siege  of  Troy,  slain  by 
Paris,  the  hero  of  the  Iliad. 

Achilleus.  i,  m.,  he  assumed  the  title 
of  emperor  under  Diocletian,  and 
reigne«l  over  Egypt  for  some  time. 
He  was  taken  prisoner  by  DitK'letian, 
and  \A  ns  put  to  death,  21HJ  a.d. 

acies,  ei.  f.,  the  sharp  point  of  a 
sirord  ;  battle  line  :  battle. 

Acilius,  i,  m.,  see  Glabrio. 

Actium,  1,  n.,  a  town  in  Ej)irus  ;  a 
promofitory  near  the  town. 

actuarius,  i,  m..  a  sfcretary,  short- 
ly ond  vritcr. 

actus,  a,  um,  sec  ag5, 

ad,  jn-ep.  with  accus.,  1,  oi  place,  to, 
towards,  to  the  house  of,  at,  near; 

2,  of  time,  up  to,  towards,  until,  at ; 

3,  of   purpose,  to,  in  order  to,  far, 
for  the  sake  of. 

addo,  see  do. 


IGo 


]  r^r. 


VOCAHri.AKY 


adduce,  sot-  duco. 

ademi,  ademptiis,  sn-  adimo. 

adeo  [ad  +  eo,  adv. J,  adv.,  (u  this 

point,  so,  very,  to  such  a  degree. 
adeptus,  see  adipiscor. 
adfectator,  oris  [adfectoj.  ni.,  one 

that  sfrircs  for. 
adfecto,  are,  avi,  atus  [ad  +  fecto, 
freq.  of  facioj,  u>  strive  after,  aspire 
to. 
adfero,  see  fero. 
adflcio.  see  facio. 
adfinitas,  atis  [ad  4  finisj,  f.,  rela- 

fiiniship  (by  iiiarriage). 
adfligo,  see  *fligo. 
Adherbal,alis.m.,a  Ximiidian  prince, 

son  of  xMacipsa,  slain  by  Ju,uurtha. 
adhortor,    ari,    atus    sum    [ad  -f 
hortor,  to  urge],  to  encourage,  ex- 
hort, stimulate,  urge. 
adhuc  [ad  +  hac],  adv.,  up  to  this 

lime  or  place  ;  still,  although,  yet. 
Adiabeni,  orum.  pi.  m.,  tbe  Adia- 
beni,  a  people  living  in  the  northern 
part  of  ancient  Assyria. 
Adiabenicus.   a,   um,  adj.,  a  cog- 
nomen of  the  emperor  Severus,  a 
conqueror  of  the  Adiabeni. 
adimo.  see  emo. 

adipiscor,  i,   adeptus  sum  [ad  + 
apiscor,   to  gain],  to  get,  obtain, 
reach. 
adicio,  see  *iaci6. 
adiung-o,  see  iungo. 
adiutor,  oris  [adiuvo,  to  assist] ,  m., 

((  helper,  assistant,  confederate. 
ndministratio.  onis  [administro] , 

1..  uiiinagentrnf,  gorernhient. 
administro,  are,  avi,  atus   [ad  4- 
ministro,  to  manage],  to  manage, 
gorvni,  regulate,  carry  on  (war), 
admiratio.  onis  [admiror],  f.,  ad- 
miration,   wonderment,     astonish- 
mpnt. 
admiror,  .see  miror. 


!  admitto,  s^c  mitto, 
j  admodum  [ad  i  modus],  adv.,  up 
t'>  tho  fall  limit,  rrry,  e.rceedingly. 
adnitor,  s<-e  nitor. 
adnoto,  are,  avi,  atus  [ad  -f  noto. 

to  mark],  to  ohaerrc,  remark. 
adoleo,  ere,  ui  [ad  +  oleo,  to  emit 

a  smell],  to  turn  to  vapor,  hum. 
adoptio.  onis  [adopto],  f.,  adoption. 
adopto   see  opto. 
adoro.  see  6r6. 
adrlgo,  see  reg-o. 
adsentor,  see  sentio. 
adsero,  see  *ser6. 
adsertor,     oris     [adseroj,     m..     a 

claiiiKint . 
adsessor,  oris  [adsideo,  to  sit  by], 

ni.,  an  as'<ista)/f.  aid :  legal adrinpr. 
adspicio,  see  *specio. 
adsurg-o,  ere,  surrexi.  surrectus 

[ad  +  surgo  (sub  +  rego),  to  rise], 

to  rise,  arise. 
adulescens.    entis    [adolesco,    to 

grow  up],  m,,  young;  as  substantive, 

a  young  man. 
advento,     are,     avi,    atus    [ad  -f- 

vento,  intens.  of  venio],  to  arrive. 
adventus,  us  [advenio,  to  arrive], 

m.,  arrival. 
adversus,  a.  um  [adverto,  to  turn 

to],    adj.,    turned    to   or    towards; 

opposed  to,  adverse. 
adversus  and  adversum,  prep,  with 

accus.,  facing,  in    opposition    to, 

against. 
advocatus,   i   [advoco.    to  call  to 

aid],  m.,  a  pleader,  advocate;  aider, 

helper. 
advolo,  are,  avi,  atus  [ad  +  volo, 

to  tty],  to  tfy  to,  hurru  on,  rush. 
aediflco.  are,  avi,  atus  [aedis  + 

facio],  to  build. 
aedilicius.    i     [aedilis,     aedile,    a 

Roman    magistrate],    m.,   one  who 

has  been  an  aedile. 


Vr)rABULAin 


!♦ 


!  i 


aeger,  gra,  grum,  adj.,  sick. 
ft  l,h'. 

aegre  [aeger],  adv.,  irifh  diificulty, 
scarce!  y. 

aegritudo,  inis  [aeger],  f.,  sickness, 
grief,  vexation,  mortijication. 

aegroto.  are.  avi  [aeger],  ti>  be 
sick,  lauf/uid,  pin". 

Aegyptus,  i,  m.,  Egypt. 

Aelianus,  i,  m.,  a  leader  of  an  iii- 
surre<'tion  during  the  reign  of  Dio- 
cletian. 

Aelius.  i.  ni.,  sec  Hadrianus. 

Aemilianus.  I.  m.,  the  governor  of 
Pannonia  and  iloesia  in  the  reign 
of  (lalhis,  Roman  emi)er(»r,  'io.l  a.d. 

Aemilius,  i,  m.,  the  name  of  a  Roman 
gens. 

1.   Lii'ius  Aemilius,rousi\\"2"2-iB.r. 
'_'.  ^furcus  Aciiiilius  (Manierciis). 
dii'tator. 

See  Lepidus.  Paulus. 

aemula.   ae  [aemulus].  f..  a  rival. 

aemulor,  ari.  atus  sum  (aemulus]. 
to  /•iral,  ric  with,  emulate. 

aemulus,  a,  um,  adj.,  stnring  car- 
nc.ttly  after,  emulating,  rivaling; 
oivious. 

aeneiis.  a.  um  [aes,  copper],  adj., 
(*/  copper,  briai'ce. 

aequalis,  e  [aequus],  adj.,  equal, 
lik'' :  as  sul>st.,  a  companion. 

Aequi,  orum,  pi.  m.,  the  Aequi,  a 
people  ilwelling  in  the  upper  valley 
of  the  AniO,  in  the  mountains  form- 
ing the  eastern  boundary  of  Latium. 

aequitas,  atis  [aequus],  f.,  evenness. 
fiiirness,  I  list ii-c. 

aequo,  are.  avi,  atus  [aequus],  to 
III  like  even,  place  on  a}i  equality. 

aequus,  a,  um,  adj.,  even,  level ;  fair, 
Just :  aequo  animo,  impartially. 

aerarium,  i  [aes,  copper],  n.,  treas- 
ury, fund. 

aestas,  atis,  f.,  sutnmer. 


aetas,  atis.  f.,  time  of  life,  life;  old 

a(/e  :  j>e/-i<)d  nf  time,  time. 
Aetoli,  orum,  pi.  m.,  the  Aetolians, 
j      inhabitants  of  Aetolia,  a  division  of 
I     (ireece. 

aevum,  i,  n.,  period  of  life,  life,  age. 
Afer,  Afri,  m.,  ati  African,  e.'^pecially 
I      an  inhabitant  of  Carthage. 
'  Afranius.  i,  m.,  L.  Afranius.  a  gen- 
eral of  I'ompey  in  Spain,  killeil  in 
Africa.  4<J  B.C. 
Africa,    ae.    f.,    Africa;    often    the 
j      northern  part  of  the  continent,  espe- 
I      cially  the  part  near  Carthage. 
Africanus,  i,  m.,  see  Scipio. 
ager,  agri,  m.,  field,  farm,  estate; 

territory,  land;  the  country. 
aggredior,  see  »gradior. 
agnosco,  see  nosco. 
ago.   agere.   egi,   actus,   to  set  in 
motion,   drive,   lead;    act,  do,  per- 
I     form  ;  treat,  deal ;  spend,  pass  time  ; 
I     gratias  agere,  to  give  thanks. 

con     cogo,  ere,  coegi,  coac- 
tUS.  to  drire  together,  coUect ;  force. 
ex     exigo,  ere,  egi,  actus,  to 
dvive  ont ;  complete  ;  pa.<is,  end. 

re  — redigo.  ere,  egi,  actus,  to 
drive  back ;  reduce  ;  render,  bring. 
sub  — subigo,  ere.  egi,  actus, 

to  drive  under,  put  dmrn,  coiiijUrr. 

trans  —  transig5.  ere,  egi,  ac- 
tus, to  carry  through,  jinisli,  setth  , 
perform . 

agrestis.  e  [ager],  '.u\\..(f  the  fields, 
m.-itic;  as  subst.,  countryman. 

Agrigentum,  i.  n..  a  (ireek  colony 
ill  Sicily. 

Agrippa.  ae.  m.,  M.  (Vipsuniu.s) 
Agripjia,  son-in-law  of  .\tticus.  min- 
ister of  Augustus. 

Agrippina.  ae,  f.,  a  city  in  Belgic 
(iaiil. 

ala,  ae,  f..  <(  rving,  ffank. 

Alamanni,  orum.  pi.    m.,   the  Ala- 


1G8 


VOCABULARY 


manni,  a  name  applied  to  a  con- 
federacy of  German  tribes  living 
between  the  Dannbe,  the  Rhine,  and 
the  Main. 

Albani,  orum,  pi.  m.,  the  Albania 
the  inhabitants  of  Alba  Longa  in 
I^itium  ;  the  inhabitants  of  Albania 
west  of  the  Caspian  Sea. 

Albinus,  i,  m.,  a  family  name  at 
Rome. 

1.  Clodius  AUnnus,  governor  of 
Britain  at  the  death  of  Conmiodus. 
He  revolted,  and  was  defeated  and 
slain  by  Septimias  Severus  at  Lug- 
dunum,  197  a.d. 

2.  Sp.  Fostumius  (Albinus) ,  con- 
sul 344  and  321  b.c. 

3.  Aldus  FostMiiius  Albinus, con- 
sul 242  B.C. 

4.  L.  Postumius  Albvius,  consul 
234  and  221)  b.c. 

5.  Sp.  Posfutnius  AlbinuSy  consul 
ISG  B.C. 

6.  Sp.  Postumius  Albinus,  consul 

110  B.C. 

Albis,  is,  m.,  the  river  Elbe  in  Ger- 
many. 

Alexander,  dri,  m.,  Alexander  the 
(irear,  king  of  Macedonia,  the  con- 
queror of  Persia  ;  B.C.  ,'i5<i-323. 

Alexander,  dri.  m.,  see  Aurelius. 

Alexandria,  ae,  f.,  a  city  in  Egypt, 
at  the  mouth  of  the  Nile,  founded 
by  Alexander  the  Great,  331  B.C. 

Alexandrinus,  a  um,  adj.,  Alex- 
(imh-iite,  }wrtainhiq  to  Alexandria. 

Algidus.  i.  m.,  a  mountain  in  Latium. 

alias  [alius],  adv.,  at  another  time, 
under  other  circumstances. 

alienus,  a.  um  [alius],  adj.,  bekmg- 
inxf  to  another,  another's, 

aliquamdia    [aliquis  +  diu],   adv., 
/or  (I  u'/tile,/or  ,sotne  time. 

aliquantus,  a,  um,  adj.,  some,  con- 
siderable. 


aliqui,   quae,   quod   [alius-}- qui], 

indef.  pron.  adj.,  some  one  or  other, 

some,  any. 
aliquis,   qua,   quid   [alius  4- quis] , 

indef.  pron.,  so)ne  one,  something; 

any  one,  anything  ;  some ;  as  subst., 

aliquid,  n.,  somethi)ig,  anything. 
aliquot  [alius  +  quotj,  indef.  indecl. 

adj.,  some,  several. 
alius,    alia,    aliud,    adj.,    another, 

other,    different,    else;    alius  .  .  . 

alius,    one  .  .  .  one,    another  .  .  . 

another;    pi.,    some   .    .    .   others; 

longe  aliam    (alio)   atque,  very 

different  from. 
Allectus,  i,  m.,  the  chief  officer  of 

Carausius  in  Britain. 
Allia,  ae,  f.,  a  small   river  flowing 

into  the  Tiber  from  the  east  about 

11  miles  north  of  Rome. 
Alma,   ae,   f.,   a  mountain    in   Pan- 

nonia 
Alpes,  ium,  f.,  tl>e  Alps. 
alter,  altera,  alterum,  pron.  adj., 

one  of  tico,  the  other,  the  second ; 

alter  .  .  .  alter,  the  one  .  .  .  the 

other. 
Altinum,  i,  n.,  a  town  of  the  Veneti 

in  the  north  of  Italy  at  the  mouth 

of  the  river  Silis. 
altitiido,    inis    [altus,    high],     f., 

heig/tt,  deptlt. 
amabilis.    e    [amo,    to    love],  adj., 

worthy  of  love,  lovely,  amiable. 
Amandus.  i,  m.,  a  leader  of  an  in- 
surrection during  the  reign  of  Dio- 
cletian, 
ambo,  ae,  6.  adj.,  both. 
Ambrones,  um,  i)l.  m.,  a  Celtic  peo- 
ple defeated  by  Marius  near  Aquae 

Sextiae  in  102  b.c. 
amicitia,  ae  [amicus],  f.,  friendship. 
amicus,  a,  um  [amo,  to  love],  adj., 
friendly  ;  as  subst.  amicus,  i,  m.,  a 
friend. 


VOCAl;!   LAKY 


1f:0 


Amisus,  i,  Gr.  ace.  Amison.  f.,  a 
coast  city  of  Pont  us,  the  residence 
of  Mithradates  the  Great. 

amitto.  see  mitto. 

amnis,  is,  m.,  river,  torrent,  stream. 

amoenitas,  atis  [amoenus],  f,, 
ltl(  asajitness,  agrceahlcness. 

amoenus,  a,  um  [amO,  to  love], 
adj.,  pleasing,  eharining. 

amor,  oris  [amo,  to  love],  m.,  love; 
a  beloved  object,  one's  love. 

amphitheatrum.  i,  n.,  amphitheater. 

ample  [amplusj,  adv.,  largely. 

amplifico,  are.  avi.  atus  [amplus 
-1-  facio],  (n  i/icri  a.s  ■,  (ularge. 

amplio,  are,  avi,  atus  [amplusj,  to 
enlarge,  magnify . 

amplius  [amplus],  comp.  of  ample, 
)nore,  further. 

amplus,  a,  um,  adj.,  great,  large; 
noble,  di.stinguished. 

ancilla.  ae,  f.,  a  mai<l-sl(ive,  maid. 

Ancus,  i,  in.,  see  Marcius. 

Andriscus,  i,  m.,  a  Persian  who  pre- 
tended to  be  the  natural  son  of  Per- 
.seus  ami  assun)e<l  the  name  of  Philip. 

ang-ustia.  ae  [ang-ustus,  7iarroic], 
(.,  )iarroic)iess ;  pi.,  narroio  places, 
a  pass. 

Anicius,  i,  m.,  C.  Anicius.  praetor  in 
the  Thinl  Macedonian  war,  17G-KW 

B.C. 

Anien,  enis  or  Anio,  onis,  m.,  a 
small  tril)utary  of  the  Tiller. 

animus,  i,  m..  .ford,  mind;  disposi- 
tion, feelings ;   courage,  spirit. 

Annius,  i,  m.,  see  Antoninus. 

annus,  i,  m..  ((  year. 

annuus,  a,  um  [annus],  adj.,  an- 
nual;   lasting  a  year. 

ante,  adv.,  of  space,  before,  in  front 
of ;  of  time,  before,  previously,  ago  ; 
prep,  with  accus.,  both  of  space  and 
tim«'.  in  front  of,  before. 

antea  [ante],  adv.,  before,  formerly. 


Antemnates,  um,  pi.  m.,  the  i?i- 
habita/its  of  Anteninae,  a  Sabine 
U)\\n  at  the  junction  of  the  Anio 
and  tlie  Tiber. 
j  Anthemusia,  ae,  f.,  a  province  of 
Mesoi>(Uamia. 

Antiochenses,  ium,  m.,  the  inhabit- 
ants (f  Andoch. 

Antiochia.  ae.  f.,  the  caj.ital  city  of 
Syria  on  the  river  Orontes. 

Antiochus,  i,  m.,  kings  of  Syria. 

1.  Antiochus  II. , called  llieos, 261- 
240  B.C. 

2.  Antiochus  III.,  called  the  Great, 
22.V187  B.C. 

3.  Antiochus  IV.,  called  Epipha- 
ncs.  17ri-l(V4  B.C. 

antiquus,  a,  um  [ante],  adj.,  old, 
belonging  to  a  former  time. 

Antoninianus.  a,  um,  adj.,  of  or  he- 
longing  to  tlie  Antonines. 

Antoninus,  i,  m.,  the  name  of  a 
dynasty  of  Roman  emi>erors. 

1.  T.  Auridius  Antoninus  Fidvius 
Boionius  Pius,  138-lfil  a.d. 

2.  M.  Aurelius  Antoninus  Virus, 

101-180  A.D. 

3.  L.    Annius   Antitninus    Verus, 

1()1-10'.»  A.D. 

4.  L.  Antoninus  Commodus,  180- 

11 W  A.D. 

5.  M.  Aurelius  Antoninus  Pafisd- 
nius  Caracalla,  211-217  a.d. 

€).  J/.  Aurelius  Antoninus,  Ilelio- 
gabalus,  218-222  a.d. 
Antonius,  i,  in.,  the  name  of  aR«)man 
gens. 

1.  C.  Antoniu.^,  consul  (>3  n.c. 

2.  L.  Antonius,  consul  41  b.c. 

3.  M.  Antoniris,  the  friend  of 
Caesar  and  member  of  the  Second 
Triumvirate,  consul  44  B.c. 

Anullinus,  i.  m..  a  Roman  senator, 
anulus,  i  [dim.  <»f  anus,  a  circle], 
m.,  ((  ring. 


170 


*  »l  Ai>L  LA  U  V 


Aper.  pri,  m.,  Arrius  Aper,  praeto- 
rian praefect.  He  was  put  to  death 
by  Diocletian,  284  a.d. 

aperio.  see  *pari6. 

Apollonia,  ae,  f.,  a  city  of  Thrace  on 
tlif  I'oiitiis  Eiixinus. 

Apollonius,  i,  ni.,  AiwlU'nuus  Chalct- 
i/o/iiu.'<,  called  liijxfolHS,  '*  the  ill- 
tempered."     A  rhetorician. 

apoplexis,  is,  f.,  apoplexy. 

apparatus,  us,  ni.,  equipment, prepa- 
ration ;  splendor,  pomp. 

appareo,  see  pareo, 

appello,  se«'  pello. 

appeto,  sec  peto. 

Appi6n,6nis,  in.,  Appimi  Ptolemueus, 
kinj;  of  Cyrene,  117-1X5  b.c. 

Appius,  i,  111.,  a  praenonien  especially 
conmion  in  the  Claudian  jjens. 

Appius,  a,  um,  adj.,  Ajtpian ;  espe- 
cially the  via  Appia,  the  famous 
road  built  by  Ai)pius  Clau<lius  the 
Censor,  ;{12  u.r. 

app5nd,  see  pono. 

apprime  [primus],  adv.,  mo.<it  of  all. 

apud,  i)rep.  with  ace,  of  place,  near  : 
of  persons,  irith,  amont/,  in  t/ie 
presence  of,  at  thr  honse  of;  with 
the  name  of  an  author,  in  the 
works  of. 

Apulia,  ae,  f.,a  district  in  the  .south- 
eastern part  of  Italy. 

aqua,  ae,  f.,  nutter. 

Aquileia,  ae,  f.,  a  city  in  northern 
Italy  on  the  Adriatic  Sea. 

Aquillus,  I.  m.,  see  Florus. 

Aquitania,  ae,  f.,  a  province  of  Gaul 
between     the     (iaronne     and     the  i 
Pyrenees.  | 

Aiabes,  urn.  pi.  ni.,  the  inhahit<(nts  I 
if  Arabia.  j 

Arabia,  ae   f  .  Arabia. 
A.rabicus,  a,  um,  adj.,  behmffinr/  to 
or  pertaining  to  Arabia,  co,i,'nomen 
of  Septimius  Severus. 


arbitrium,    i    [arbiter,  judge],  n., 

judgment ;  will;  poiver. 
*arce6,  ere,  ui,  — ,  to  inclose ;  pro- 
hibit. 
con  — coerceo,  ere,  ui,  itus,  to 

shut  in;  restrain,  chfck. 
ex— exerceo,  ere,  ui,  itus.  to 

e.iuo'cisp,  drill. 
Archelaus,  i,  m.,  (1)  a  distinguished 

general  of  Mithradates. 

(2)  Called  Cappadox,  king  of  Cai>- 

padocia,  '.^i  b.c.-H  a.d. 
Ardea,  ae.  f.,  the  capital  city  of  tlie 

Rutuli,   in    Latium,  about   eighteen 

miles  south  of  Rome. 
ardeo,  ere,  arsi,  arsus,  to  be  hut, 

burn  ;  be  eager,  ereited. 
arg-enteus,  a,  um  [argentum] ,  ad  j ., 

of  silver. 
Argentoratum,  i,  n.,  a  city  in  Belgic 

(Jaul. 
arg-entum,  i,  n.,  silver;  moneij. 
Argi,  orum,  pi.  m.,  the  city  of  Argos 

in  the  eastern  part  of  the  Pelopon- 
nesus. 
Ariaratus,   i,   m.,  calle<l  Cappa.lox, 

king  of  Cai)pad(»cia,  220-1G2  b.c. 
Arlminum,  i,  n.,  a  town  in  northern 

lt.il\  (til  the  A<lriatic  Sea. 
Ariobarzenes,  is,  m.,  king  of  Cap- 

padocia,  \y.\-{\'-\  b.c. 
Aristarchus,  i,  m.,  made  king  of  Col- 
chis by  Pompey. 
Aristo,  onis,  m.,  an   Athenian   i)hi- 

l()Soi)her  who  surrendered  Athens  to 

Mithradates,  87  b.c. 
Aristobulus,   i,   m.,  king  (.f  Jiidea. 

taken  capti\e  by  Pompey,  {\:\  b.<'. 
Aristonicus,  i,  m.,  a  natural  s(ui  of 

Eumenes  II.,  king  of  Pergamus. 
arma.  orum,  pi.  n.,  weapons ;  nutrfare. 
Armenes,  is,  m.,  son  of   Nabis,  a 

tyrant  of  Sparta. 
Armenia,  ae,  f.,  a  c«uintry  of  Asia 

southeast  of  the  hhuk  Sea. 


VOCABULAKV 


171 


Armenia    Minor,    the    portion 
west  of  the  Eui)hratcs. 

Armeniacus,  a,  um,  adj.,  pertain- 
ing to  or  bi'loiiifing  to  Armenia. 

Armenii.  orum,  pi.  m.,  (hr  inhabit- 
onfs  if  A  r/timio . 

armo,  are,  avi.  atus  [armiaj,  to 
arm,  eqnip;  armati,  ((r)ucd  men, 
soldiers. 

Armoricum,  i,  n..  the  northern  i»ait 
of  Celtic  (iaul. 

aro.  are,  avi,  atus.  to  plow. 

ars.  artis.  I.,  s/,i/l,  art,  knowledge. 

arsi,  see  ardeo. 

Artaces;  is,  m.,  a  king  of  Hiberia, 
cou(piere<l  by  Pompey. 

Artaxata,  ae,  f.,  the  capital  city  of 

_  Armenia  Maior. 

Aruns,  antis,  m.,  the  son  of  Tar- 
(liiiniiis  Siiperbus. 

Arverni,  orum.  pi.  m.,  an  importaiu 
tribe  of  Celtic  Gaul. 

Arzanena,  ae,  f.,  a  district  of  Ar- 
menia Maior,  bounded  on  the  south 
by  the  Tigris. 

ascendo,  .see  *8cand6. 

Asclepiodotus,  i,  m.,  a  praetorian 
l)raefect  during  the  reign  of  Dio- 
cletian. 

Asia,  ae,  f,,  Asia;  Asia  }finor. 

Asiagenes,  is,  m.,  a  Greek  term  for 
the  Latin  Asidticus ;  cognomen  of 
L.  Cornelius  Scipio,  conqueror  of 
.\ntiochus. 

Asina,    ae,    m.    (1)    Cn.    Cornelius 
Asina,  consul  2<K)  b.c. 
(2)  P.  Corneliu.'i  (.4.s/»«),  consul 

218  B.C. 
Asinius.  i,  in..  Ifieriu^  Asiniu.<<,  leader 
of  the  Marsi  in  the  Marsic  war,  iK) 
B.C. 

asper.  aspera,  asperum.  adj., 
rongli.  bitter:    riiilent.  severe. 

asperitas.  atis  [asper],  f.,  rough- 
ness, harshness. 


aspis,  idis.  t.,  nn  asp.  viper. 

assiduus.  a.  um  [adsideo,  to  sit  bi/ 
or  near],  adj.,  rontinualhj  prese)(t, 
busied;  diligent,  jtcrsistent,  faith- 
ful; continual,  uneeasiitg,  nnrr- 
)iiitfing. 

Assyria,  ae,  f.,  a  division  of  Asia 
between  Media,  Mesoi)otaniia,  and 
Habyloii. 

Atella,  ae,  f.,  a  small  town -in  Cam- 
pania. 

Athenae.  arum,  jd.  f.,  Athens,  the 
chief  city  ol   Attica. 

Atheniensis,  e,  adj.,  Athenian. 

Atilius,  i,  m..  tlu'  na'ne  of  a  Roman 
gens.    See  Bulcus,  Regulus. 

atque.  ac  (the  latter  used  only  bef<)re 
consonants),  conj.,  ttud,  and  espe- 
cially, and  even;  thnn,  ((s ;  simul 
ac.  as  soon  as;  idem  ac.  the  sum' 
as:  alius  ac.  other  than;  contra 
atque.  dijVerently  from  what. 

atrox,  ocis.  adj.,  s<ivagc,  fierce, 
cruel,  terrible. 

Attains,  i,  m.,  kitigs  of  Pergamus. 

1.  Attains  I.,  241-1<»7  B.C. 

2.  Attains  Philadelphns,    l.-.O^l.W 

B.C. 

3.  Attains     Philometor,     l.'i8-l;^i 

B.C. 

Attains,  i,  m.,  king  of  Paphlagonia. 

attero.  ere.  trivi,  tritus  [ad  -f  tero. 
t(t  rut)],  to  rub  against,  rub  airay, 
irear;  destroy,  iraste. 

atting-o.  see  Hang-o. 

attritus.  sc  atterd. 

attuli.  st-e  adfero. 

auctor.  oris  [augeo],  m.,  producer, 
originator,  c(ni.<<e. 

auctoritas.  atis  [auctor],  f..  au- 
thority, pincer ;  influence,  weight, 
dignity. 

auctus.  a.  um,  m  <•  auged. 

audax,  acis  [audeo],  adj.,  bidd,  dar- 
ing, audacious. 


172 


VOCABULARY 


audeo,   ere,  ausus  sum,  to  dare, 

attempt. 
audio,  ire,  ivi,  itus,  to  hear,  hear  of, 

listen,  to. 
ob  — oboedio,  ire,  ivi,  itus,  to 

give  ear  to,  hearken,  listen  ;  yield. 
auditorium,  i  [audio],  n.,  a  lecture 

hall. 
aufero,  see  fero. 
Aufldius,  i,  111.,  the  name  of  a  Roman 

Lcens.     See  Orestes, 
augeo,  ere,  auxi,  auctus,   to  in- 

c  re  a  ae,  spread;  praise,  honor;  enrich. 
Augustus,   i.   111.,   a   title  of    honor 

given  to  Octavianus  in  27  B.C.,  and 

after  him  to  all  the  Roman  emperors. 
Aurelianus  i,  m.,  Lucius  Doniltlus 

Aurelianus,   Roman  emperor,  270- 

275  A.T). 
Aurelius,  a,    um,    adj..   Aurelian ; 

esp.  via  Aurelia,  the  Aurelian  road. 
Aurelius,  i,  m.,  the  name  of  a  Roman 

gens. 

Aurelius  Alexander,  Roman  em- 
peror, 222-2:r,  A.r>. 
See  Antoninus.  Cotta. 
aureus,  a,  um  [aurum],  adj.,  (/olden, 

of  f/olff ;  embroidered  icith  gold. 
Aureus  mons.   m.,   a  mountain   in 

l^l^per  Moesia. 
auriim.  \.  n.,  gold. 
Aisrunculeius,  i.  m..  the  name  of  a 

1\  iiiiaii  i^eiis.     St't'  Cotta. 
auspicium,  i   [avis  +  *speci6],   n.. 

divination  bfj  ivafching  the  .flight, 

or  noting   the   cries,  of  birds;   an 

ome)i ;  auspices. 
ausus,  see  aude6. 
aut.  coiij.,  or;  aut  .  .  .  aut,  either 

.  or. 
autem,    eonj.,    always    postpositive, 

biif,  hotrever,  imtre  >rer. 
auxilium,  i  [augeoj,  n.,  help,  aid; 

pi.,  auxlliarif  troops  (usually  foreign 

and  light  armed). 


avare  [avarus,  greedy],  adv.,  greed- 
ily. 

avaritia,  ae  [avarus,  greedy],  f., 
greed,  avarice. 

Aventinus,  i,  m.  (so.  mons),  the 
Aventine,  one  of  the  seven  hills  of 
Rome. 

averto,  see  *verto. 

avidus,  a,  um,  adj.  comp.,  avidior, 
desirous,  eager,  greedy. 

avis,  is.  f.,  bird. 

avunculus,  i  [dim  of  avusj,  m., 
mother's  brother,  uncle. 

avus,  i,  m.,  grandfather,  ancestor. 

B. 

Babylon,  onis,  f.,  capital  eity  of  the 
Babylonian-Assyrian  Empire  in 
Mesopotamia,  on  the  Euphrates. 

Bacaudae,  arum,  pi.  m.,  the  name 
of  the  revolting  peasants  in  (iaul  in 
the  reign  of  Diocletian. 

Balbinus,  i,  m.  (/>.  Caeliu.s)  Balld- 
nus  was  elected  emperor  by  the 
Senate,  l)ut  was  slain  by  the  soldiers 
at  Rome,  238  a.d. 

barbaria,  ae  [barbarusj,  f.,  a 
strange  land,  a  foreign  country 
(oppo.sed  to  Greece  and  Italy). 

barbaricus,  a,  um  [barbarus],  adj., 
foreign,  .strange;  as  subst.,  Bar- 
baricum,  i,  n.,  strange  land. 

barbarus,  a,  um,  nd].,  foreign,  bar- 
barous, barbarian  ;  as  .subst.,  bar- 
bari,  orum,  pi.  m.,  foreigners, 
barbarians. 

Bassianus,  i,  m.,  see  Antoninus. 

Bassus,  i,  m.,  L.  {P.)  Ventldius  Ba.'i- 
sus,  a  Roman  general  who  gained 
several  victories  over  the  Parthians. 
Consul  43  B.r. 

Basternae.  arum,  pi.  m.,  a  warlike 
German  people  living  near  the 
mouth  of  the  Danube. 


VOCABUI-\nY 


116 


beatus,  a.  um  [be6,  to  bless],  adj., 

blessed,  happy,  prosperous. 
Bedriacum,  i,  n.,  a  small  town   in 

Cisaluiiu'  Gaul.  ! 

Belgicus,     a,     um,    a<lj..     }i"lglc; 

Gallia  Belgica,  or  abs(d.  Belgica, 

the  northern  part  of  Gaul  between  ' 

the  Rhine  and  the  Seine.  I 

bellicosus,  a,  um  [bellicus],  adj.. 

iriivlike,  fond  of  voi\  tierce. 
bellicus,  a,  um  [bellum],  adj.,  per- , 

taininq  to  war.  military,  martial.      I 
bello,  are,  avi,  atua  [bellum],  to 

wage  ivar.  \ 

re  —  rebello.  are.  avi,  atus,  to 

mage  ivar  again,  rebel. 
bellum,  i  [for  duellum,  from  duo], 

n..  var,  varfare. 
bene  [bonus],  adv.,  comp.  melius, 

sup.  optime  :  well,  .niccessfully. 
Beneventum,  i,  n.,  a  city  in  Cam- | 

pania  in  Italy.  I 

benignitas,    atis    [benignus],    f.,  ' 

qond-irlll,  kindness.  | 

benignus,  a,  um,  adj.,  kind,  favor- 

,(hle. 

Berenice,  es,  f.,  a  city  in  Cyrenaica 

in  Africa. 
Bessi.  orum,  pi,  m.,  a  mountain  tribe 

of  Thrace. 
Bestia.  ae,  m.,  L.  Calpumins  Bestia, 

consul  ill  B.C. 
bestia.  ae,  f.,  a  beast,  animal. 
bibo,  ere,  bibi,  — ,  to  drink. 
Bibulus,  i,  m.,  L.  {Calpurniu.'^)  Bibu- 

ius,  consul  with  Caesar  59  B.C. 
biennium.  i   [bis -f  annus],  n.,  two 

years'  time. 
bini.  ae,  a  [bi3],  dist.  num.  adj.,  two 

by  tiro,  two  each. 
bis    [duis  ;    cf.    duo],    num.    adv., 

twice. 
Bithynia,  ae,  f.,  a  country  in   Asia 

Minor,  on  the  Propontis  and  Black 

Sea. 


Bituitus,  i,  m.,  a  king  of  the  Arverni 

in  (iaul. 
Blaesus,  i,  m.,  (.'.  Sempronius  Blae- 

sus,  consul  253  B.C. 
blanditia,   ae,    f.,    (lattery;    in   pi., 

blandishments,  allurements. 
blatteus.   a.   um    [blatta.   purple], 

adj.,  jmrple-culored. 
blattinus,  a,  um  [blatta,  purple], 

adj.,  purple-colored. 
Bocchus,  i,  m.,  akingof  Mauretania, 

father-in-law  of  Jugurtha. 
Boionius,  1,  m.,  see  Antoninus, 
bonitas,  atis  [bonus],  f.,  gooilness. 
Bononia,    ae.    f.,    a   city    in    Belgic 

Gaul,  now  Boulogne. 
Bonosus,    i,    m.,    a    Spaniard    who 

usurped  the  imi)erial   title  in  Gaul 

in  the  reign  of  Probus,  281  ad. 
bonus,  a,  um,   adj.,  comp.  melior, 

sup.  optimus ;  good,  advantageous, 

friendly  ;  bono  animo  esse,  to  feel 

friendly:  as  subst.,  bonura,  i,  n., 

profit;    boni,  orum.  pi.    m..   qood 

men,  loyal  citizens,   bona,  orum, 

jd.  n.,  ffoods. 
Bosporani.  orum,  pi.  m.,  dwelling 

on  the  Cimmerian  Bosix>r»s. 
Bosporus,  i,  m. 

1.  Clnunerlus  Bosporus,  the  strait 
leading  from  the  Black  Sea  to  the 
Sea  of  Azov. 

2.  A  city  in  the  Crimea  on  the 
Cimmerian  Bosi>orus. 

bracchium,  i.  n.,  an  ann. 

breviarium  i  [brevis],  n.,  a  sum- 
mary, abridgment,  epitome. 

brevis.  e.  adj.,  sliort,  brief. 

bre vitas,  atis  [brevis],  f.,  short)if>ss. 

Britannicus,  a.  um,  adj.,  pertaining 
I  to  Britain,  lirltisli  ;  as  subst.,  Bri- 
tannicus, i,  m.,  son  of  the  emi»eror 
1      Claudius  and  Messalina. 

Britanni,  orum,  pi.  m.,  the  inhab- 
I      itants  of  Britain,  Britaius. 


171 


VOCAIirf.AIIV 


Britannia,  ae,  f.,  Uritain,  En^^luiul 

and    Scotland;    in    the   pi.  includes 

Ireland. 
Brundisini,   orum,   pi.  ni.,   the    in- 

Imbitaids  of  the  cittj  of  Brundislitni, 

in  Calabria. 
Bruttii,  orum,  ])I.  tn.,  a  people  in  the 

southwestern  part  of  Italy. 
Brutus,  i,  m.,  a  family  name  at  Rome. 

1.  I).  liiHius  IJrutHfi.  He  eon- 
qnered  the  Cailaeci  and  Lusitani, 
and  won  the  name  of  Callaecus  in 
fonsequenee.     Consul  I'AH  b.<\ 

2.  L.  luniLis  Brutus,  nephew  of 
Tarquinius  Superbus,  consul  with 
Collatinus  rm  b.c. 

3.  (M.  luiiius)  /Irutus,  one  of  the 
murderers  of  Caesar. 

Budalia,  ae,  f.,  a  town  in  Lower 
Pannonia,  the  birthi)lace  of  the  em- 
peror Decius. 

Bulcus,  1,  m.,  ('.  AtlUus  liulcits,  con- 
sul '_*-»7  B.C.  [now  Bordeaux. 

Burdigala,  ae,  f.,  a  city  in  Aciuitania, 

Burziaone,  es,  f.,  a  city  in  the  mod- 
ern Bul<]jaria. 

Byzantium,  i,  n.,  a  city  on  the  Thra- 
cian  Bosporus,  later  Constantinople. 


C   abbreviation   of    the    praenomen 

Gains, 
C.  ^  centum,  iOO. 
Cablra.orum,  pi.  n.,  a  city  in  Pontus, 

on  the  border  of  Armenia. 
Ccib\  le   es,  f.,  a  town  in  Thrace. 
cadaver.  er\<  [cadoj,  n.,  a  corpse. 
cado.  ere.  cecidi,  casurus,  to  fall, 
be  ktlled,  die:  /nijtpen. 

ad  —  accido,  ere,  cidi,  — ,  to  hap- 
pen, befall,  come  to  pass. 

con  — concido,  ere,  cidi,  — ,  to 
fall,  be  slain,  peris'i. 

in  — incid6,ere,cidi.  — ,  to  fall, 
fall  in  with,  meet;  happeit. 


Caecilius,  i,  m.,  the  name  of  a  Roman 

jjens. 

Q.   Cai'dlins,  consul  20()  B.C. 
See  Metellus. 
Caecus,  i,  m.,  Appius  Claudius  {Cae- 

cus),  consul  o07  B.C. 
caedes.  is  [caedo],  f..  killing, slauyli- 

ter,  ntassacre. 
caedo,  ere,  cecidi,  caesus,  to  cut, 

rat   to  pieces:    kill,  conqner,  roat ; 

virgis  caedere,  //07. 
ex  — excido,  ere,   cidi,   cisus, 

to  cut  out,  cut  down,  cat  ojf;  demol- 
ish, lay  waste. 
ob  — occido,  ere,  cidi,  cisus,  to 

cat  down,  kill,  slay. 
Caelius,     a,     um,      adj.,     Caelian ; 

Caelius   Mons,   the   Caelian   Hill, 

one  of  the  seven  hills  of  Rome, 
caelum,  i.  n.,  heaven,  sky. 
Caeninenses,   ium,   pi.  m.,  the  in- 

/labilants  of  Caenlna,  a  town  of  the 

Sabines. 
Caenophrurium,  i,   n.,  a  town    in 

Thrace. 
Caepio,  onis,   m.,   the    name    of    a 

Roman  family. 

1.  Cn.    Serrilins    Caepio,    consul 
203  B.C. 

2.  Q.  (Cn.)  Servllius  Caepio,  con- 
sul 140  B.C. 

3.  Q.    {Servilius)    Caepio,    consul 
lOi   B.C. 

Caesar,  aris.  m.,  a  family  name  in 
the  Julian  f^ens. 

1.  C.    I  alias  Caesar,  the  famou.s 
dictator.    See  Notes,  p.  144. 

2.  Sex.  Ifilius  Caesar,  uncle  of  the 
dictator.    Consul  fll  B.C. 

3.  C.  Octavidnus,  see  Augustus, 
Octavianus. 

Caesarea,  ae,  f.,  the  name  given  to 
several  cities  founded  in  honor  of 
the  Caesars. 
1.  Caesarea  in  Cappadoeia, 


VOCAHL'LAKY 


I  .  .> 


2.  Caesarea  in  Mauretania. 

3.  Caesarea  in  Palestine, 
caesus,  a,  um,  see  caedo. 
Calabria,  ae,  f.,  a  division  of  south- 
ern Italy. 

calamitas,  atis,  f..  a  calamity,  de- 
feat. 

calceamentum,  i,  n.,  a  shoe. 

calidus,  a,  um,  adj.,  conip.  calidior ; 
irnrm,  hot. 

Caligula,  ae,  m.,  C.  Caesar,  sur- 
nanied  Caligula,  Roman  emi)eror 
37^1  .\.D. 

Cailaeci,  orum,  pi.  m.,  the  inhabit- 
ants ofHhe  northern  part  of  Spain. 

Callatis,  is,  f.,  a  town  in  Moesia,  on 
the  IMack  Sea. 

callide  [callidus,  shrewd],  adv., 
k>'enlii,  shrewdly. 

Callinicum,  i,  m.,  a  city  in  Mesoix)-  ' 
tamia,  on  the  Eui)hrates. 

Calpurnius,  i,  m.,  sec  Bestia. 

Calvinus,  i.  m.,  Sex.  Domitins  Cal- 
riitas,  consul  127  B.C.  j 

calx,  cis,  f.,  limestone,  lime ;  the  goal  ' 
of  the  race-roarse. 

Camillus,  i,  m.,  1.  (M.)  FUrias  Ca- 
millas, a  famous  Roman  hero. 

2.  //.   Farias   {Camillas),   consul 
341)  B.C. 

Campania,  ae,  f.,  a  district  of  Italy 
on  the  western  side,  south  of  Latium. 

campus,  i,  a  plain  :  Campus  Mar- 
tius,  the  level  space  north  of  the 
Capitoline  Hill  at  Rome;  it  was  out- 
side of  tlie  walls  in  the  earliest  times,  { 
and  served  as  a  place  for  exercise,     j 

Canina,  ae,  m.,  C.  Claudius  Camnn. 
consul  273  B.C. 

Cannae,  arum.  pi.  f.,  a  small  town  in 
Ai)ulia,  where  one  of  the  most  im- 
portant battles  of  the  Second  Punic 
War  was  foujrht,  210  b.c. 

Cantabria,  ae,  f.,  a  division  in  the 
northern  part  of  Spain.  i 


canto,  are,  avi,  atus  [freq.  of  can6, 
to  sing],  to  produce  melodious 
Soa)als,  sing. 

capio,  ere,  cepi,  captus.  to  take, 
gt't,  sciie,  ciiptare,  arrive  at;  con- 
silium capere,  to  form  a  plan. 

ad  —  accipio.  ere,  cepi,  ceptus, 
to  accept,  receive ;  listen  to,  learn. 

de-decipio.    ere.    cepi.  cep- 
tus, to  take  in,  catch,  deceive,  cheat.' 
ex  — excipio.    ere,    cepi,  cep- 
tus, to  take  out,  except,  take  up; 
intercept,  capture:   receive. 

prae  —  praecipio.  ere,  cepi, 
ceptus,  to  take  beforehand,  fore- 
see;  bid,  order,  direct,  instruct. 

re  —  recipiS.  ere,  cepi,  ceptus, 
to  take  hix-k.  receive;  admit:  se 
recipere,  i<>  retreat. 

sub  —  suscipio,  ere,  cepi,  cep- 
tus, to  take  up;  admit,  support; 
undertake,  incur,  undergo. 

Capitolium,  i.  n  ,  the  chief  temple  of 
Jupiter  in  Rome;  the  hill  on  which 
Ihisstttod,  tile  \fons  Capitoliitus,  the 
citadel  as  well  as  the  chief  sanctuary 
of  Rome. 

Cappadoeia.  ae.  1  ,  a  i>rovince  in 
Asia  Minor. 

Cappadox.  ocis,  m..  (<  ('appadodan. 

captivus,  a,  ura  [capioj,  adj.,  c((p- 
tive:  as  subst.,  captivus,  1,  m.. 
captiva,  ae,  f.,  captive,  prisoner 
of  ii-iir. 

captus,  a,  um.  see  capio. 

Capua,  ae,  f.,  a  (ireek  city  near 
Naples,  in  Campania. 

caput,  itis,  n..  the  head:  a  persmi, 
man:  mouth  (of  a  river);  life. 

Caracalla,  ae,  in.,  see  M.  Aurelius 
Antoninus  Bassianus. 

Carausius,  i.  m..  a  commander  of  the 
fleet  under  Maximian.  He  revolte<l, 
ami  after  some  time  was  slain,  21<3 

A.D. 


1  ?(• 


VOCABULARY 


Carbo,  onis,  ni.,  1.  (Jn.  {Papiriiis) 
L'arbo,  consul  113  B.C. 

2.  {(Jn.)   Fapirius  Carbo,  consul 
82  B.C. 

career,  eris,  m.,  prison. 

Cardueni,  orum,  pi.  m.,  a  p<nver£ul 
and  warlike  people  in  the  southeast- 
ern part  of  Armenia  Mfiior. 

careo,  ere,  ui,  itus,  to  be  ivUhout, 
be  free  from,  be  destitute  of;  re- 
frain from,  abstain  from. 

Carinas,  atis,  ni.,  C.  Carinas,  a 
leader  of  the  Marian  party. 

Carinus,  i,  ni.,  the  son  of  the  em- 
l^nor  Cams.  He  was  assoeiated 
with  his  father  in  the  j^jovernnient. 

Carnuntum,  i,  n.,  an  ancient  Celtic 
town  in  Upper  Pannouia,  on  the 
Danube. 

Carpi,  orum,  pi.  in.,  a  German  people 
living  between  the  Carpathian  moun- 
tains and  the  Danube. 

Carrae,  arum,  pi.  f.,  a  city  in  Meso- 
potamia. 

Carthalo,  onis,  ni.,  a  leader  of  the 
Carthaginians,  slaiu  by  Q.  Fabius 
IVIaximns. 

Carus,  i,  m.  {^f.  Aurelitis)  Cdru^, 
Roman  emperor,  2S2-288  a.d. 

Casca,  ae,  m.  (P.)  ServlUus  Casca, 
consul  44  B.C. 

Cassius,  i,  m.,  the  name  of  a  Roman 
gens. 
See  Longinus.  Viscellinus. 

castellum,  i  [tlim.  from  castrum], 
n.,  a  strn)if/hold,  castle,  fort. 

castrum,  i,  n.,  a  fortifed  place, 
totm:  p].,  castra.  orum,  pi.  n.,  a 
ramp :  <t  canipai(/n. 

casus,  lis  [cado],  m.,  that  ichich  be- 
falls;  event,  chance,  misfortune, 
death. 

Catalauni.  orum,  pi.  m.,  a  city  in 
Bclgic  Gaul. 

catena,  ae,  f.,  a  chain,  fetter. 


cateno,  are,  avi,  atus  [catena],  to 
bittd  irit/i  chains. 

Catilina,  ae,  in.,L.  Serf/ius  Catiline, 
a  conspirator  during  the  consulship 
of  Cicero,  <)3  B.C. 

Catinenses.  ium,  pi.  m.,  the  inhab- 
itants of  Cat  ina,ov  Catanit,m  Sicily. 

Cato,  onis,  m.,  a  family  name  in  the 
Porcian  gens. 

1.  {M.)   Porcius  Cato,  consul  81) 

B.C. 

2.  C.  (Porcius)  Cato,  consul  114 

B.C. 

3.  M.  Porcius  Cato,  consul  118  B.C. 

4.  M.  Porcius  Cato  Uticensis. 
Catti,  orum,  pi.  m.,  one  of  the  most 

important  nations  in  Germany,  in 
Hesse,  and  Thuringia. 
Catulus,  i,   m.,   a   family   name   at 
Rome. 

1.  C.    Lutatius    Catulus,    consul 
242  B.C. 

2.  Q.  Lutatius  (Catulus),  consul 
241  B.C. 

3.  Q.    Lutatius    Catulus,    consul 
202  B.C. 

4.  Q.  (Lutatius)   Catulus,  consul 
78  B.C. 

Caudex,  icis,  m.,  Appivs  Claudius 
{C<(ude.r),  consul  2(54  B.C. 

Caudinus,  a,  um.  adj.,  Caudine; 
Furculae  Caudinae,  the  Caudine 
Forks,  a  narrow  pass  in  the  Samnite 
nionntains. 

Caudium.  i,  n.,  a  town  in  Sam- 
uium. 

causa,  ae,  f.,  reason,  motive;  pre- 
text; case,  state;  causa,  Avith  gen. 
postpositive,  for  the  sake  of,  on 
account  of;  causam  dare,  to  occa- 
.tion,  cause. 

causidicus,  i  [causa  4-  dico],  m.,  a 
pleader,  advocate,  special  pleader. 

cecidl.  see  cado. 

cecidi,  see  caedo. 


VOCAIU'LAKY 


cedo,  ere.  cessi,  cessus,  to  move, 

yield,  retreat. 

ad  —  accedo,  ere,  cessi,  cessu- 
rus,  to  move  toW((rds,  draw  mar: 
be  added :  aqrec  to,  enter  into. 

con  —  concedo,  ere,  cessi,  ces- 
sus,  to  icithdraw,  retire,  depart ; 
submit ;  allow,  grant,  concede. 

de  —  decedo,  ere,  cessi,  cessus, 
to  (JO  av'ay,  irifhdraw,  depart;  to 
die  (sc.  vita). 

in  —  incedo,  ere,  cessi,  cessu- 
rus,  to  advanc!',  approach  ;  march  ; 
move  slowly. 

inteb  — intercede,  ere,  cessi, 
cessus,  to  (JO  bsticeen;  intervene; 
occur. 

prae  —  praecedo,  ere,  cessi, 
cessurus.  /(,  jo  hefore. 

pro  — procedo,  ere,  cessi,  ces- 
sus, to  )nove  forward,  advance,  make 
progress. 

re  —  recedo,  ere.  cessi,  cessus, 
to  move  back,  withdraw,  retire,  re- 
treat. 

sub  —  succedo,  ere,  cessi,  ces- 
sus, to  come  up,  (ulvance  ;  sjicceed, 
follow. 

celeber.  bris,  bra.  adj.,  famous. 

celebro,  are.  avi,  atus  [celeber], 
to  practice^  repeat :  celebrate. 

celeritas,  atis  [celer,  swift],  f., 
sirift iipss,  speed,  alertness. 

celero,  are,  — ,  —  [celer,  swift],  to 
hasten. 

Celtiberia,  ae.  f..  a  monntainons 
country  in  the  central  part  of 
Spain. 

cena,  ae,  f.,  dinner,  the  princij)al 
meal  of  tlie  Romans,  taken  a)»out 
tliroe  o'clock. 

ceno,  are,  avi,  atus  [cena],  to  dine, 
eat. 

censor,  oris  [censeo,  to  value],  m., 
censor,  a  R»man  magistrate,  elected 
iiAZ.  KJTHorn  s —  12 


every  four  years,  to  classify  the 
citizens. 

Censorinus,  i.  m.,  L.  M('mlius  Cemo- 
r}/iii.<,  (Niiisiil  14*.»  n.c. 

census,  us  [censeo,  to  value],  m  , 
the  census,  an  enumeration  and 
classilication  of  the  people  accord- 
ing to  wealth. 

centeni,  ae.  a  [centum],  distrib. 
num.  adj.,  a  hundred  each. 

centesimus.  a.  um  [centum] ,  num. 
adj.,  huudndth. 

centum,  inded.  num.  adj.,  a  hundred. 

Centumalus,  i,  m.,  the  name  of  a 
R<jman  familv. 

1.  Cn.  Fulvius  Centumalus,  con- 
sul 229  B.C. 

2.  Cn.  Fulvius  {Centumalus),  con- 
SU1211  B.C. 

centurio,  onis  [centum],  m.,  a 
centJiry,  a  division  of  the  army  or 
tlie  people, containinga  hundred  men. 

cepi,  see  capio. 

cerno,  ere,  crevi,  certus,  to  sepa- 
rate ;  sec,  perceive ;  decide,  deter- 
mine. 

de  — decerno,  ere,  crevi,  cre- 
tus,  to  decide,  determine ;    decree, 
vote,  intrust  (by  a  decree);  (.'ontend, 
.fight. 

certamen.  inis  [certo,  to  fight],  n., 
a  st ruijjle,  battle,  engagement. 

certatim  [certo,  to  tight],  adv.,  in 
rivalry,  zeahmsly. 

certe  [certus,  certain],  adv.,  cer- 
tainbj.  surely. 

cessi.  see  cedo. 

cesso.  are.  avi,  atus  [freq.  of  cedo], 
to  be  inactive,  hjjter,  delay ;  come  to 
an  end,  cense. 

(ceterus),  a,  um  [nom.  sing.  m. 
la«'king],  adj.,  the  rest,  the  others, 
others. 

Chaeronensis.  e.  adj.,  belonging  to 
Chacrtmea,  a  town  in  Boeotia. 


178 


VOCABULARY 


Chalcedon,  oiiis.  1.,  a  (ireek  i-ity  in 

IJithynia. 

Chalcedonius,  a,  um,  adj.,  helong- 
htf/  to  <.'hulce(lo)i. 

chlamys,  ydis,  f.,  <i  (irec'uni  upper 
f/nnueiit  of  ivool,  military  cloak, 
utiifp  )uav(lc. 

Christianus,  a,  um,  adj.,  (Jhristian ; 
Christiana  religio,  Christianity. 

Cibalae,  arum,  pi.  f.,  a  town  in  Pan- 
nonia. 

Cicero,  onis,  in.,  .V.  Talliua  (Jii-cro, 
the  taniou.s  orator,  consul  OH  B.C. 

Cilicia,   ae,   f.,   a  division    of    Asia  j 
Minor,   borderinj.?  on   the  Mediter- 
ranean Sea. 

Cimbri.  orum,  pi.  ni.,  a  Germanic  j 
tribe  which,  together  with  the  Ten-  ' 
tones,  invaded  Italy,   and  was  de- 
feated by  Marius,  101  B.C. 

Cimbricus,  a,  um,  adj.,  Cimhriaii. 

Cincinnatus,  i,  ni.,  a  Roman  family 
name. 

1.  L.  Qulntius  Cincinnatus,  con- 
snl  4()0  B.C. 

2.  T.  Quhitivs  Cincinndt}ts,  con- 
qnered  the  Piacnestini  near  the 
nv(n-  Allia. 

Cineas,  ae,  ni.,  the  friend  and  mini.s- 
ter  of  Pyrrlins,  king  of  Epirns. 

cingo,  ere,  cinxi.  cinctus.  to  en- 
circle, s}(rroiin'J :  ilird,  f/i>'''  ^>"' 
equip:  obsidiSne  cingere,  to 
blockade,  besief/e. 

Cinna.  ae.  m..  /..  Cornelius  Cinna, 
consul  ST,  -Sn  B.C. 

circa,  adv.  and  prep,  with  ace, 
itround,  round  <d)out,  throughout. 

Circesium.  i.  ii..  a  city  of  Mesopo- 
tamia on  the  Enphrates. 

circueo,  see  circumeo. 

circuitus,  us  [circumed],  m.,  a  go- 
niij  round,  circuit,  irl/nling  ivay. 

circumduco.  see  diico. 

circumeo,  see  eo. 


circumfero,  see  fero. 
circumlatus,  see  circumfero. 
circus,  i,  m.,  a  circle,  inclosure  for 
athletic  si>orf-'^,  esi>.   chariot   races; 
Circus  Maximus,  see  Notes,  p.  los. 
citharoedicus,  a,  um,  adj.,  of  or 
pertaining  to  the  citharoedl,  those 
who  play  on  the  citliara,  acconipany- 
ing  it  with  the  voice. 
*cit6,    are,    avi,    atus    [intens.    of 
cieo,  to  cmisc  to  utorc],  fi>  rousr. 

con  — concito,  are.  avi,  atus, 
to  arouse,  urgi',  exdtr. 

ex  —  excito.  are,  avi,  atus,  to 
rouse  forth,  excite,  stimulate. 
cite,  adv.,  quickly,  speedily,  soon. 
j  civilis,  e  [civis],  .adj.,  pertaining  to 
I      a  ritizen  :  cirll ;  polite,  moderate. 
civilissime,  see  civiliter. 
civilitas,  atis  [civilis],  f.,  the  art  <f 
I      governmrnt, politics :  rourteousness, 
I      politeness,  ajf'ability. 
civiliter  [civilis],  adv.,  sup.  civilis- 
sime ;     citizenlike,   as    becomes    a 
prirate  citizen. 
civis,  is.  m..  a  citizen. 
civitas,  atis,  f.,  citizenship ;   state, 

conioiNnity  :  city. 

Clare  [clarus],  adv.,  clearly  ;  loudly. 

claresc5,  ere,  clarui,  —  [incho.  of 

clareo,  to  be  bright],  to  grow  bright ; 

become  audible,  sound  clear ;  become 

illustrious,  grou:  famous. 

clarus,  a,  um.  adj.,  bright :  famous, 

rt'nmDied:  of  sonnd,  clear,  loud. 
classis,  is,  f.,  a  class  or  division  of 

citizens  :  the  navy  ;  feet. 
Claudius,  i,  m.,  the  name  of  one  of 
the  oldest  and  most  f anions  of  the 
Roman  gentes. 

1.  Claudius  I.,  Tib.  Claudius  Dru- 
sns Nero, Roman  emperor,  41-r)4  .\.i>. 

2.  Claudius  IL,  M.  Aurelius 
Claudius  Gothicus,  Roman  emperor, 
268-270  A.D. 


A'OCABrLARY 


17  i) 


See  Caecus.  Canina,  Caudex, 
Crassus.  Marcellus,  Nero,  Pul- 
cher. 
Claudius,  a.  um.,  ;)(!j.,  CJandian. 
claud5,  ere,    clausi,    clausus,    t-> 
.shut,  close,  inclose. 

con  —  concludo.     ere,     clusi. 
clusus,  to  sJiat  up,  confittc. 

ex  — excludo,  ere,  clusi,  clu- 
sus, to  s'tut  out,  cut  of,  exclude. 

claustrum,  i  [claudo],  n.,  a  barrier, 
hiiidrawe  ;  frontier,  fortress,  point 
(f  control. 

dementia,  ae  [clemens,  gentle],  f., 
mere  if  Illness,  forbearance,  kindness. 

Cleopatra,  ae,  f.,  the  famous  qneen 
of  Eirypt. 

clibanarius,  i,  m.,  a  soldier  clad  in 
mail ;  a  cuirassier. 

clipeus,  i,  m.,  a  rouml  shield,  as 
distingnished  from  scutum,  an  ob- 
long shi?ld. 

cloaca,  ae,  f.,  a  sewer  drain. 

Clodius,  i,  m.,  the  name  of  a  Roman 
;;;ns.     See  Albinus. 

Cluentius,  i,  in.,  a  leader  of  the 
:\larsi  in  the  Marsic  war. 

Clypea,  ae,  f.,  a  foriitied  town  in  the 
northern  part  of  Africa,  near  Car- 
tilage. 

Cn.,  abbreviation  of  the  praenomen 
Gnaeus. 

coactus,  see  cogo. 

Coche,  es,  f.,  a  city  on  the  Tigris, 
near  Ctesiphon. 

coepi,  isse.  coeptus,  defective  verb, 
to  begin. 

coerceo,  see  *arce6. 

coercitor,  oris  [coerceo],  m.,  oyie 
yr.'/o  r''-<train.'<,  an  i  iifurcer. 

cognitus.  st'i'  cognosco, 

cognSmen,  inis  [con  4-  ( g )  nomen] , 
n.,  a  surname,  a  name  a<lded  to  the 
individual  an<l  clan  names  of  aj»er- 
soii,  either  a>  a  title  of  honor,   as 


Africanus.  Mi-gnus.  or  as  a  nick- 
name, as  Cicero.  Cognnmina 
served  to  distinguish  dilTereiit  fam- 
ilies of  the  same  gens. 

cognomentum.  i  [cognomen],  n., 
a  sur)iame  (rare). 

cognosco,  see  nosco. 

cogo.  .sec  ago. 

Colchi,  orum,  pi.  m.,  the  inhabit- 
ants (f  CoJcliis,  in  Asia. 

Collatinus,  i,  m.  (L.)  Tarquinius  CoU 
Idtlnus,  the  husband  of  Liicretia,  and 
one  of  the  first  two  consuls,  fiO*)  B.r. 

collinus,  a,  um,  [collis,  a  hill],  adj., 
pertaining  to  a  hill,  hilly:  Porta 
Collina,  the  Colline  Gate. 

collum.  i,  in.,  t/rck. 

colo,  ere,  ui,  cultus,  to  till,  culti- 
vate; dwell  in;  practice,  cherish; 
clothe,  adorn  ;  honor,  esteem. 

in  — incolo,  ere,  ui,  — .  to  dwell, 
settle,  inhabi' . 

colonia,  ae,  [coloj,  f.,  a  colony,  set- 
t/em lit. 

columna.  ae,  f.,  a  column,  pillar. 

coma,  ae.  f.,  lK(r. 

comes,  itis  [con  f  eo],  m.  and  f.,  a 
companion,  comrade:  attendant, 
follower. 

cometes,  ae,  Gr.  ace.  cometen.  m., 

<(  e(im<  t. 

Commagene,  es,  f.,  a  district  in  the 

northern  part  of  Syria, 
commemoro,  are,  avi.  atus  [con 

-f  memor,  mindful],  t.  roll  to  mind, 

mention,  tell. 
commendatio.  onis  [comraendo], 

f.,  cinnmindiini.  f  r,<iiiinend<ttion . 
commendo,  sec  mando. 
committo,  see  mitto. 
commode  [commodus],  sid\.,  fitly, 

easily,  properly,  rightly. 
coramodum.    i    [commodus],    u., 

convenience,  aavantage,  ntibty. 
Commodus,  I,  m.,  see  AntSninus. 


180 


VOCABULARY 


commodus,  a,  um  [con  f  modus] , 
adj.,  ill  due  measure,  suitable,  Jit, 
convpnienf. 

commoror,  ari.  atus  sum  [con  + 
moror,  to  delay],  to  tarry,  linyer, 
abide,  reuiain. 

commoveo,  see  moved. 

communis,  e  [con  +  munus],  adj., 
cotnt)ion:  ordinary;  public;  res 
communis,  t/ie  public  interest. 

compared,  see  pared. 

compare,  see  paro. 

compare,  are,  avi,  atus  [compar. 
like] ,  to  compare. 

compello,  see  pello. 

comperio,  see  *pari6. 

compesco,  ere,  ui,  — ,  to  confine, 
hold  in  check,  repress,  curb,  restrain. 

compleo,  see  *ple6. 

complexus,us  [complector,  to  em- 
brace], ra.,  surroundiuff,  embrace. 

compono,  sec  pono. 

compuli,  see  compello. 

computatio.  onis  [computo,  to 
sun)  tip],  f.,  a  reckoning. 

concedo,  see  ced5. 

concido,  see  cado. 

concito,  see  *cit6. 

concitor,  oris  [concitoj,  m.,  he  loho 
arouses,  a  stirrer  up. 

concludo,  see  claudo. 

Concordia,  ae,  f.,  a  Roman  colony 
t()ui!(led  ill  Veiietia. 

concubina.  ae.  f..  a  roncubine. 

condicio,  onis  [condico,  to  agree], 
f.,  a  condition,  state ;  terms,  stipula- 
tion. 

condiscipulus,  i  [con  +  discipu- 
lus.  ((  student],  m.,  a  fellow-student, 
scho(dniate. 

conditor,  oris  [condoj,  m.,  a 
founder,  inventor,  writer. 

condo.  see  do, 

coiifectus.  see  conflcio. 

confero.  see  fero. 


confestim,    adv.,    immediately,    at 


\      once. 
conflcio 


see  facio. 
configo,    ere,    fix!,    fixus    [con  + 

figo,    to  Jix],    to  fasten    together, 

unite. 
confirmo.   are,   avi,    atus   [con  + 

firmo,  to  make  firm],  to  confirm, 

strengthen,  encourage,  affiria. 
cdnflig-o.  see  *flig'6. 
confluo.  see  fluo. 
confodio,  ere,  fodi.  fossus  [con -f 

fodio,  to  dig],  to  dig  ;  stab. 
confug-io,  see  fugio. 
confundo,  see  fundo. 
confusus,  see  confundo. 
congero.  see  gero. 
congredior.  see  *gradior. 
congrego,   are,  avi.  atus  [con-(- 

grex,  a  herd],  to  collect,  unite. 
congressus,  see  congredior. 
conicio.  see  *iaci6. 
coniungo,  see  iungo. 
coniunx,  coniugis  [coniungo],  m. 

and  r.,  <i  Ititshnnd.  wife. 
coniuratio,    onis   [coniuroj,    f..   « 

con ''piracy ,  plot. 
coniuro,  see  iuro. 
conlatus,  see  confero. 
conlega.    ae    [conligoj,   m.,   a  col- 
league. 
conligo.  see  lego, 
conloco.  see  loco, 
conloquium,  i    [con  +  loquor,   to 

spe((k],  11.,  an  intenueu^,  conference. 
Conor,  ari,  atus  sum,  to  attempt, 

try. 

conscendo,  see  *scand6. 

consecro,  see  *sacro. 

consecatus.  see  consequor. 

consedi.  see  consido. 

consenesco, see  senesco. 

consensi,  see  consentid. 

cdnsensus,  us  [cdnsentid],  m.,  con- 
sent,  assent,    united    opinion ;    ex 


VOCABULAUi 


L-.l 


communi  cdnsensti,  by  common 

roiiscnf . 

cdnsentio.  see  sentid. 

cdnsenui,  see  cdnsenescd. 

consequor,  see  sequor. 

cdnserd,  see  *serd. 

cdnsidd,  see  sidd. 

consilium,  i  [cdnsuld],  n.,  a  plan, 
advice;  counsel,  ivisdom;  author- 
ity ;  council. 

cdnsistd,  see  *sistd. 

cdnsdbrina,  ae  [con  -soror],  f.,  a 
cousin-german,  fir.'it  cousin. 

cdnspectus,  us  [cdnspicid],  m., 
sight,  presence. 

cdnspicid,  see  *specid. 

Cdnstans,  antis,  in.,  the  youiipjest  of 
the  tliiee  sons  of  Constantine  the 
(Ireat. 

Cdnstantia.  ae,  f.,  daughter  of  Con- 
stantius  Chlonis. 

Cdnstantinopolis,  is,  f.,  Constanti- 
nople, a  city  built  on  the  site  of 
Byzantium     by     Constantine     the 

Great. 
Cdnstantinus.  i,  m., 

1.  Constantinus,  surnamed  "the 
Great."      Roman  emperor    3013-337 

A.D. 

2.  Constantinus,  son  of  (1). 
Cdnstantius,  I,  m., 

1.  tonstuntius  Chlorus,  father  of 
Constantine  the  Great.  Roman  em- 
peror ;^05-30()  A.D. 

2.  Constantius,  third  son  of  Con- 
stantine the  Great.  Rcmian  emperor 
337-:i<)l  A.D. 

cdnstiti,  sec  cdnsistd. 

cdnstitud.  see  *statud. 

cdnsuetudd,  inis  [cdnsuescd,  to 
become  accustomed],  i.,  habit,  cus- 
tom, manner. 

consul,  ulis,  m.,  a  consul.  The  usual 
name  of  the  two  highest  officials  of 
the    Roman   repul)lic.      They   were 


elected   annually,  and   their  names 
were  used  in  place  «»f  a  date, 
cdnsularis,  e   [cdnsul],  adj.,  of  a 
con.wlf  of  consular  rank;  as  subst., 
an  ex-consul. 
cdnsulatus,  us   [cdnsul],  m.,  coii- 

sulate,  c0)isulshijt. 
cdnsuld,  ere,  ui,  tus,  to   co7isult, 
consider;  counsel,  give  advic£   to; 
pn  wide  for ;  ask  advice  of. 
cdnsultd      [cdnsuld],     adv.,     pur- 
posely. 
cdnsultum,  i  [cdnsuld],  n.,  resolu- 
tion, decree;  senatus  cdnsultum. 
decree  of  the  senate. 
cdnsultus,  a,  um  [cdnsuld].  adj.. 
experioiccd,    learned;    iiiris    cdn- 
sultus, a  lawyer. 
cdnsumd,  see  sumd. 
contamind.  are.  avi.  atus  [conta- 
men,  touch],  to  bring  into  contact, 
mingle;  corrupt,  defile,  p<dlutc. 
contemnd,  ere,  tempsi.  temptus 
[con  r  temnd,  to  scorn],  to  despise, 
scorn. 
contendd,  see  tendd. 
contentid.  onis  [contendd],  f.,  exer- 
tion, struggle;  contest,  contention. 
contentus,  a,  um  [contined],  adj., 

content,  satisfied. 
contigi.  see  contingd. 
contined,  .see  tened. 
contingd,  see  *tangd. 
continuus,  a.  um  [contined],  adj., 

successive,  uninterrupted. 
cdntid,  dnis  [contr.  from  conventid, 
assembling],  f.,  ass"nd)ly ;    an  ((d- 
dress  (to  the  assembly), 
contra,  prep,  with  ace,  against,  oppo- 
site  to,  contrary   to;    adv.,  on  the 
other  hand;    contra  atque,  coti- 
trary  to  ivhat. 
contractus,  a.  um,  see  contraho. 
I  contradicd.  str  died, 
contrahd,  see  trahd. 


182 


VOC'ABULAKV 


controversia,  ae  [contra  -f  vertoj, 

f.,  (fispii/r,  cniitrDrcrsii. 
contuli.  st'o  confero. 
convenio.  se('  venio. 
conventus,   us   [convenioj,   m.,   a 

ineetimj,  m^sphihly. 
conv^ersus,  see  converto. 
converto.  st'c  *verto. 
convicium,  1    [con  +  voco],    n.,   a 

convince,  sec  vinco. 

convivium,   i    [con  f  vivo],   n.,   a 

fcdst. 

copia.  ae  [co(n)-!- ops],  f.,  ahun- 
(hince,  supfih/ ;  pi.,  trooits,  supplies ; 
)iK'ans,  force,  trculfh. 

copiosus.  a,  um  [copia],  adj., 
Ill)  hdkIiikj  in,  irell  siipiiUcd,  rich. 

Corinthii,  orum,  pi.  m.,  the  inhabit- 
ants of  (Jitriiifh. 

Corinthus,  i.  f.,  a  city  in  llie  Pelo- 
ponnesus (III  the  isthmus  of  Corinth, 
<'a[)t4irefl  and  destroyed  V)y  the 
Konians,  14(»  R.<'. 

Coriolanus,  i.  vn.,  the  surname  of  Q. 
Marcius,  the  conqueror  of  Coricdi, 
4!».'^  B.C. 

Corioli,  orum,  pi.  m.,  a  town  of  the 
Volsci  in  l.atium. 

Cornelius,  i,  m.,  the  name  of  a  lar.ue 
and  imiMtrtant  uens  at  Rome.  See 
Asina,  Cinna.  Dolabella,  Faus- 
tus.  Fuscus,  Galbus.  Lentulus, 
Rufinus,  Scipio.  Sulla. 

cornu,  us.  n.,  o  /torn  ;  trionpct ;  icinff 
(of  an  arujy). 

corpus,  oris.  n..  a  hodif. 

corrector,  oris  [corrig-o],  m..  a  cor- 
rector, nnprorer ;  a  hind  bailiff, 
f/orcrnor. 

correctus,  see  corrigo. 

correxi,  see  corrigo. 

corrigo,  see  rego. 

corripio,  see  rapio. 

corrumpo.  see  rumpo. 


Corsica,  ae.  f..  an  island  in  the  Medi- 
terranean Sea,  west  »d'  Italy. 

Corvinus,  i,  m.,  M.  Valerias  Corn- 
nus,  twice  dictator,  six  times  consul. 

corvus.  i.  m.,  a  raven. 

Corycus.  i,  m.,  a  city  in  Cilicia. 

Cosconius,  i,  m.,  C  Cosronias,  a 
praetor  during  the  Social  AVar.S'.t  b.(  . 

Cotta.  ae,  m.,  1.  M.  Aarflins  Cotta, 
consul  78  (7-1:)  B.C. 

'J.   (L.)  Auruncaleia.<i  {('otto),  one 
of  Caesar's  lieutenants  in  Gaul. 

Cottius.  i,  m.,  a  kin.n-of  several  Li^"- 
rian  trihes  in  the  Cottian  Alps. 

Cottius,  a.  um.  adj.,  Cnftitnt  ;  Alpes 
Cottiae,  the  Cottian  Ali)s,  l)et\vcen 
France  and  Italy,  from  Mt.  Vi.so  to 
Mt.  Cenis. 

Cotys,  yis,  m.,  a  Thracian  kin^. 

Crassus,  i,  m.,  a  Roman  family  name. 

1.  Appias  Clandias  (,V(^ss//.<^,  de- 
cemvir. 

2.  M.  Licinias  Crassus,  the  trium- 
vir, cinisul  70  B.C. 

;?.   P.    Licinius    Crassas,  ^  VAniiyul 

171    B.C. 

4.   /'.     Licinius    ('riis>ias,    called 

Dives  IVIncianus,  consul  lol  b.c. 
creber,  bra,  brum,  adj.,  croicded, 

nnnicrints.  frfijiieat. 
credo,  ere.   credidi.   creditus.   /o 

heliere,  trasf,  think;   intru.-tt,  coai- 

n\end  to. 
creo.  are.  avi,  atus.  to  create,  niakr^ 

bef/et :  elect,  declare  elected. 
cresco,  ere,  crevi,  cretus,  ti>  ;/r>ri\ 

increase:  become inttaential, prosper. 
Creta,  ae.  f.,  an  island  in  the  Medi- 
terranean   Sea,   south    of    Greece; 

modern  Candia. 
Creticus,  a.  um,  adj.,  pertaining  to 

Crete:     Creticum    bellum,     var 

dffain.'d  Crete 
crimen,  inis  [cerno] .  n.,  accusation^ 

slander ;  fault,  crime,  offoise. 


VOCAHUI.AUY 


183 


crinitus,  a,  um  [crinis,  hair],  adj., 

covered  vith  hair. 
Crinitus.  i.  m.,  see  Traianus. 
Crixus,  i.  m.,  one  of  the  j^ladiators 

who  revolted  with  Spartacus. 
crQdelitas,   atis    [cradelis,  crael], 

I.,  rraj'l/ij. 
crudeliter    [crudelis,  crael],  adv., 

crat'lltj. 
cruditas,  atis  [crQdus,  unripe],  f., 

(werloailinff  of  flu'  sto)iiach ;   indi- 

(fe.stion. 
cruentus.    a.    um     [cruor],    a<lj., 

hliiinl-stiiin(  d,  blood  I/. 
cruor,  oris,  in.,  running  blood,  (/ore. 
Crustumini.  orum,  pi.  m.,   the   in- 
habitants (f  Crustumeriuni,  a  town 

in  the  territory  of  the  Sabines,  north 

of  Rome, 
crystallinus,  a.  um   [crystallum, 

<-ri/sf(it],  adj.,  of  cnjstal, 
Ctesiphon.  ontis,  f.,  a  city  in   As- 

s\  ria.  on  the  Tij^ris. 
cubiculum,  i  [cubo,  to   lie  down], 

n..  a  bedchamber. 
culpo.  are,  avi,  atus  [culpa, /«?//<], 

to  find  fault  with,  blame. 
cultus,   us   [colo],   m.,   cultivation, 

I'-or.'ihip;   culture,   trainiu;/ ;    mode 

of  life  ;  dress,  splendor. 
cum,  prep,  with  ahl.,  ivith,  tor/ether 

with. 
cum,    conj.,    of    time,    when,   while, 

whenever;  of  cause,  since;  of  con- 
cession, although  ;  cum  .  .  .  tum, 

botll   .  .  .  (Old,  not  o)ihf  .  .  .  but  olsn. 

cunctus.  a,  um  [coniunctus,  con 
4-  iungo],  adj.,  all  tof/cther,  all. 

cupiditas,  atis  [cupidus,  desirous], 
f.,  desire,  lonr/ing ;  f/reediness,  av- 
arice. 

cura.  ae,  f.,  care,  an/iety. 

Curia,  ae.  f.,  t}ie  Roman  senate  houst^, 
either  the  Curia  llostilia,  adjoininj; 
the  Forum,  or  the  Curia  Pompeia, 


built    by   Pompey    in    the  Campus 
Martins.    In  the  latter  Caesar  was 
murdered. 
Curio,  onis,  m.,  ('.  Scribonius,  consul 

7()  n.(  . 
Curius,  i.,  m.,  the  name  of  a  Roman 

•Tens.     See  Dentatus. 
curro,   currere,  cucurri,  cursus, 
to  run. 

ob  — occurro,    currere.    (cu)- 
curri.  cursus,  to  run  to  meet ;  m^'ct 
uifh ,  f/tcouuter :  if'ithstand ;  occur. 
currus.  Us  [curro],  m.,  a  chariot. 
Cursor,  oris,  m.,  L.  I'apirius  Vur.^or, 
a  celebrated  <;eneral,  six  times  con- 
sul, dictator  twice. 
I  cursus.    us    [curro],   m..    runninf/, 
speed:  cours",  voyuf/e. 
custodia.  ae  [custos,  a  ;/u((rd].  f., 

cart',  (/uord,  cn.sfinlft. 
Cyrene,  es.  f.,  a  (ireek  city  on  the 

coast  (»f  Africa,  west  of  Efijypt. 
I  Cyzicus,!,  f.,  a  city  of  Mysia,  in  Asia 
I      Minor. 

i  Cyzicenus,  a.  um,  adj..  pertaining 
to  ( 'ifzicus. 

D. 

D..  abl)reviati(«n  of  the  praenomen 
Decimus. 

D.  =  500. 

Daci,  orum.  pi  m.,  the  Daciatis.  in- 
habitants of  Dacia. 

Dacia.  ae.  f.,  a  <-ountry  north  of  the 
1  ):niubc. 

Dalmatae.  arum.  pi.  m.,  the  Dalmti- 
tiaiis.  the  iidialtitants  of  Dalmatia. 

Dalmatia,  ae.  f.,  a  c<uintry  borderinji: 
on  the  eastern  shore  of  the  A<lriatic 

Sea. 
Dalmatius,  !,  m.,  Dalmatius  Caesur, 

a  nci>lie\v  of  Constantine  the  (ire;it. 
damno,  are.  avi,  atus  [damnum, 

in] urn],  to  rowlcmn, sentence  ;  bind, 

compel ;  censure. 


184 


VOCABULARY 


< 


Danuvius,  i,  m.,  the  Danube. 

Daphnenses,  ium,  pi.  in.,  the  in- 
habitants of  Daphne,  a  place  near 
Antioch. 

Dardani,  orum,  pi.  lu.,  a  people  of 
IpiRT  Moesia. 

Dardania,  ae,   f.,  a  disti-iet  of  the 
Troad,  lying  along  the  Hellespont. 
•     datus,  see  do. 

de,  prep,  with  abl.,  of  place,  from, 
down  from,  out  of;  of  time,  after, 
durimf ;  of  cause,  in  consequence  of, 
through  ;  of  relation,  concerniny,  in 
respect  to. 

debeo,  see  habeo. 

decedo,  see  cedo. 

decern,  indecl.  num.  adj.,  ten. 

decemvir,  i  [decern  +  vir],  m.,  one 
of  a  co)nmlssion  of  ten  men,  de- 
cemvir. 

Decentius,  i,  m.,  Magnus  Decentius, 
brother  of  Magnentius,  by  whom  lie 
was  created  Caesar,  3,')!  a.d. 

deceptus,  see  decipio. 

dx-cevno,  see  cerno. 

decessi,  see  decedo. 

d' cet.  ere,  uit,  —  (impers.),  to  he 
si(//(ihie,  becoming. 

Decibalus,  i,  m.,  a  celebrated  king 
of  the  Dacians. 

decies  [decern],  num.  adv.,  ten 
times. 

decimus,  a.  um  [decern],  num. 
adj.,  tenth. 

decipio,  see  capio. 

Deciu3,  i,  m.,  the  name  of  a  Roman 
gens. 

(Met ins)  Decius,  Roman  emperor 
24{)-251  A.D.     See  Mus. 

decoro.    are,    avi,    atus     [decus, 

^honor],  to  decorate,  distinguish. 

d^crevi,  see  decerno. 

rtedecus.  oris  [de  +  decus,  /to;/or] , 
ii.,  disgrace,  (ris/tonor. 

dedicatio,  onis    [dedico,    to   dedi- 


cate],   (.,    a    dedication,    consecra- 
tion. 

dedidi,  see  dedo. 

deditio,  onis  [dedo],  f.,  a  swrender. 

deditus,  .see  dedo. 

dedo,  see  do. 

deduce,  see  duco. 

defeci,  .see  deflcio. 

defend© ,  ere.  fendi,  fensus,  to  ward 
qtl',  repel:  defend,  protect. 

defensor,  oris  [defendo],  m.,  a  de- 
fender. 

defers,  see  fero. 

deficio,  see  facio. 

deformo,  are,  avi,  atus  [de  + 
forma],  to  bring  out  of  shape,  de- 
form, di-'ifigure,  spoil,  mar. 

defung-or,  fungi,  functus  sum  [de 
+  fungor,  to  perform],  to  perform, 
finish. 

deicio,  see  *iaci6. 

dein,  see  deinde. 

deinceps  [deinde  +  capio],  adv., 
one  after  the  other,  successively ; 
next,  moreover. 

deinde  or  dein  [de-j-inde],  adv., 
afferuutrds,  next,  then,  thereafter. 

Deiotarus.  i,  m..  tetrarch  of  Oalatia. 

delecto.  ai'e,  avi.  atus  [freq.  of 
delicio],  to  delight,  jdease. 

deleo,  ere,  evi,  etus,  to  destroy, 
overthrow,  mi  a. 

deliciae,  arum,  pi.  f..,  delights,  pleas- 
vre,  luxury. 

demerge ,  see  mergo. 

Demetrius,  i,  m.,  son  of  Philip  V., 
king  of  Macedonia. 

deminuo,  see  minuo. 

demum,  adv.,  at  last,  finally  ;  tum 
demum,  then  at  last,  not  till  then. 

denique,  adv.,  at  last ,  finally ;  briefly. 
in  fine. 

Dentatus,  i,  m.,  M.  Curius  Dentdt\is. 
consul  '_",•()  aiut  275  B.C. 

denuntio,  see  nuntio. 


VOCABULAUY 


185 


depono,  see  pono. 
depopulor,  see  populo. 
depravo,    are,    avi,     atus     [de  + 
pravus],  to  distort ;  pervert,  seduce, 
corrupt,  deprave. 

deprecatio,  onis  [deprecor],  f., 
warding  ojf  by  prayer;  supplica- 
tion, intercession. 

deprecor,  arl,  atus  sum  [de  +  pre- 
cor,  to  (^s^•],  to  plead  against, plead, 
avert  by  prayer ;  decline. 

deprehendo,  see  *prehend5. 

describe,  see  scribo. 

desero,  see  *sero. 

desino.  soe  sino. 

desperatio,  onis  [despero],  f.,  de- 
spair, desperation . 

despero,  are.  avi.  atus  [de  + 
spero,  to  hope],  to  give  up  hope, 
despair. 

destituo.  see  *statu6. 

detego,  ere,  texi,  tectus  [de + 
tego,  to  cover],  to  uncover,  disclose, 
betray. 

deterged,  ere,  tersi,  tersus  [de  + 
tergeo.  to  rub],  to  wipe  qtf',  remove, 
cleanse,  empty. 

deterreo. ere,  ui, itus  [de  f  terreo, 
fn  t'-rrin/],  /<>  frig'if>  )i  ouuiy,  deter. 

detestatio,  onis  [detestor],  f.,  the 
invocation  of  a  curse ;  depreca- 
tion. 

detestor,  ari.  atus  sum  [de  + 
tester,  to  cause  to  witnes.s],  to 
curse,  execrate ;  avert,  ward  of, 
deprecate. 

detraho,  see  traho. 

deus.  i.  m.,  a  god,  divinity. 

devinco,  see  vinco. 

dexter,  era,  erum  and  tra,  trum, 
adj.,  right :  on  the  right  hand. 

diadema.  atis,  n.,  a  royal  he ad-dre.<i8, 
diad'in. 

Diadumenus.  i.  ni.,  son  of  the  em- 
peror Macrinns. 


(dicio)  ,6nis,  {., dominion, .sovereignty, 

sway,  rule. 
dice.  ere.  dixi,  dictus,  to  say,  speak, 

tell;  assent,  promise  ;  appoint,  call. 
contra  —  contradico,  ere.  dixi, 

dictus,  to  Contradict,  oppo.^ic. 
in  — indico,  ere,  dixi.  dictus, 

to  proclaim,  declare;  appoint. 
dictator,  oris  [dicto,  to  say  often^, 

m.,   a   dictator,  a   magistrate   with 

supreme  power,  chosen  at  times  of 

supreme  peril. 
dictatura.    ae    [dictator],    f.,    tJte 

ojtic  if  dictator,  dictatorship. 
dictum,  i,  [dico],  n.,  a  saying,  re- 
mark, word;  command. 
diduco,  see  duco. 
dies,  ei,  m.,   and   sometimes  in  the 

sing,  f.,  day,  time. 
differs.  s»m'  fere, 
diflaciliter  [dis  r  facilis,  ea.vy] ,  adv., 

('onij).  difficilius;  vlt/,  difficult!/. 
diffidS,  ere,  fisus  sum  [dis  +  fido, 

to  tru.'it],  to  distrust,  doubt. 
diffugio,  see  fugiS. 
I  diffundO,  see  fundo. 
dignitas.   §.tis    [dignus].   f..  value, 
i      twrit :  rmik,  ifignity. 
dignor,  ari,  atus  sum  [dignus],  to 
I      deem  worthy,  deign,  comlescend. 
dignus.  a,  um,  adj.,  worth,  worthy, 

deserving. 
diligens,  tis  [diligS],  adj.,  careful, 

diligent,  attentive  ;  sparing  ;  fond 

of. 
diligentia,  ae    [diligens],   f.,  dili- 

t/cnce,  actirif)/,  earnestness. 
diligo.  see  legS. 

dimicatiS,  Snis  [dimicS].  f.,  a  com- 
bat, struggle. 
dimicS.  are,  avi,  atus.  to  fight .         _ 
dimidius.  a,    um    [dis  4  medius] . 

adj.,  haf;  as  snbst.,  dimidium.  i, 

n..  a  h<df. 
dimitto,  see  mitto. 


186 


YOCAIU'LAKY 


Diocletianus,  i,  in.,  i  Valerius)  JJio- 

r-lt'diinu-^,  (.'inperor  l!84-oOo  a.d. 
Diogenes,  is,  in.,  son  of  Arclielaus, 

slain  in  the  siege  of  Athens, 
diripio,  see  rapio. 
diruo,  ere,  ui,  utus  [dis-fruo,  (o 

Jiill],  to  tear  asniulpr,  di'strofj. 
dis,  ditis,  adj.,  snp.  ditissimus ;  rich. 
disciplina,  ae  [disco,  (o  learn],  f., 

If^aniiny,     instructiu)i,     discipline ; 

.St/stem. 
dispertio.  Ire.  ivi,  itus  [dis  +  par- 

tio,  (o  .s'lare],  to  distribute,  divide. 
displiceo.  ste  placeo. 
dispone,  stH>  pono. 
dissimulatio,  onis    [dissimulo,   to 

make  unlike],  f.,  a  disf/uisiii;j,  dis- 

senih/inf/,  concealment. 
dissolutus,  a,  um  [part,  of  dissolve, 

to  take  {(iHirt],'A(\].,  lax,  retniss,  ner/- 

ligeiit,  careless. 
distraho,  see  traho. 
distribuo,  see  tribuo. 
dito,  are,  avi,  atus  [dis],  to  make 

rich,  enrich. 
diu,  adv.,  oonip.  diutius,  sup.  diu- 

tissime :    lonq,  for  a    lonr/    time: 

quam  diu,  as  lon(j  as. 
diuturnitas,   atis    [diuturnus],  f., 

loiif/  <-i>ntinna))ce,  li'iif/tJi  of  time. 
diuturnus,  a,   um  [diu],  adj.,  pro- 

}on<(>  d . 
diversus,  a.  um  [part,  of  diverto, 

to   tarn   aside],  adj.,  scatter,  sepa- 
rate ;  different ;  contrani,  opposed  to. 
divide,  ere.  visi,  visus,  to  divide, 

se{H(r(if". 
divinus.  a,  um  [divus],  adj.,  divine, 

sacred. 
divisor,  oris  [divido],  m.,  one  v:ho 

distributes,  an  erocidor. 
divitiae,  arum  [dives,  rich^,  pi.  f., 

ivalth,  riches. 
divus,  a,  um,  adj.,  divine,  dei^tied ; 

as  suhst  ,  Divus,  i.  ni.,  a  <jod.     An 


epithet  given  to  tlie  Roman  emperors 
after  death. 

do,  dare,  dedi,  datus,  to  dive,  put, 
place  ;  furnish,  yield ;  dare  nego- 
tium,  to  commission,  direct ;  dare 
in  fugam,  to  put  tofif/ht;  dare 
manus,  to  yield:  dare  operam, 
to  attend  to,  assist :  dare  poenas, 
to  pay  the  penalty  ;  dare  verba,  to 
deceive. 

ad  —  addo.  dere.  didi,  ditus,  to 
add,  join  to. 

con  — condo,  dere.  didi,  ditus, 
to  put  together,  compose,  build, 
found;  conceal. 

de  — dedo,  dere,  didi,  ditus,  to 
(jive  up.  surrender :  devote. 

ex  — edo,  dere.  didi,  ditus,  to 
put  fort/i,  s/iju-,  elevate;  bear,  pro- 
duce. 

in  — indo,  dere,  didi,  ditus,  ^> 
put  info:  confer,  apjdij. 

per— perdo,  dere,  didi,  ditus. 
to  lose,  destroy,  ruin  :   u-asfe. 

pro  —  prodo,  dere,  didi,  ditus, 
to  give  or  }iut  forth,  make  known  ; 
hand  doicn  ;  betray,  surrender. 

re  — redo,  dere,  didi,  ditus.  ^> 
ffire  back,  rrturn  :  rcmler. 

trans—  trado,  dere.  didi,  ditus. 
to  give  over,  give  up,  deliver,  surn-)!- 
der;  intrust;  transmit;  traditur, 
it  is  said. 

doceo,  ere,  ui,  tus,  to  teach,  point 
out. 

docilitas,  atis  [docilis,  teachable]. 
f.,  teachahleness.  ihicility. 

documentum,  i  [doceo],  n.,  a  les- 
son, craniple  :  evidence,  proof . 

Dolabella,  ae,  ni.,  Cn.  Cornfliu.^ 
Doldbella,  ronsnl  I.IU  B.C. 

doleo,  ere.  lui.  liturus,  to  feel  pain  ; 
grieve. 

dolor,  oris  [doleo],  n\.,pain,  -yorroiv, 
di.stres<,  vexation. 


VOCABrLAHY 


is' 


dolus,  i,  m.,  fraud,  guile,  stratagem. 
domesticus,  a.  um  [domus],  adj., 

in-irntc,    t/omestti- ;     domesticum 

bellum,  civil  u-ar. 
dominus,  i  [domo],  ni.,   ti   master, 

lord. 
Domitianus,  i,  m.,  T.  Flavins  Jfonii- 

iitlnns,  Roman  emperor  SW.Hi  A.i>. 
Domitius,  i,   m.,   a    Roman    family 

name. 

1.  ('n.  Domitius,  (mmisuI  32  r..(  . 
'J.  Ij.  Domitius,  a  Roman  general 
in  the  war  with  Sertorius. 
See  Calvinus. 
domo.  are.  ui,  itus,  to  tome,  comiuir. 
per— perdomo.  are.   ui,   itus. 
to  .Kubdue,  vanquish. 
domus,  lis,  f.,  a  ltouse,home ;  liouse- 

/nild :  domi.  Inc..  of  home. 
don5,  are.  avi.   atus,  to  give,  pre- 
sent, confer. 
donuni.  i,  n.,  a  gift. 
Drusus,  i.  111..  Xero  Claudius  Drusus, 
son  id    I'i.  Clan<lins  Xero,  and  step- 
son of  ,\agnstns. 
dubie  [dubius],  adv.,  doubtfully,  un- 

ci  rtni nlfl . 

dubietas,  atis   [dubius],  f.,  doubt, 

hesitation   (late), 
dubius,   a,    um,   a<lj.,  doubtful,  un- 
certain. 
ducenti,    ae,    a    [duo  i- centum], 

adj.,  two  hundred. 
duco.  ere,  duxi,  ductus,  to  lead: 
think,  eoiisider :   /irotract,  put   oft': 
uxorem  ducere,  t<t  marry  ;  vitam 
ducere.  to  liv". 

ab  —  abdiico,  ere, diixi, ductus, 
to  lead  away,  withdraw. 

ad  —  adduce,  ere.  duxi,  ductus, 

to  bud  to,  bring  :  induce,  infuencc. 

circum  —  circumduco,      ere. 

diixi.    ductus,    to    le<al    around. 

dran-  anaDttl,  surround. 

de  —  deduce, ere, duxi, ductus, 


to  lead,  withdraw  :  induce;  launch, 

di.'iembtirk. 

dis  -  diduco.   ere.  duxi.  duc- 
tus, to  drau-  niitirt.  si'imrnte.  relax. 
ex  —  educo,  ere,  dQxi,  ductus. 

to  lead  out . 
in  —  induce,  ere,  duxi.  ductus. 

to  lead  in  :  induce ;  put  on,  rover. 
pro  —  prodiico.  ere,  diixi,  6.\ic- 

t\is,  to  triid j'oru-iird  i)Yout :  pndong. 
re  —  reduce,  ere.  duxi,  ductus, 

to  leaiJ  tniek  :  draw  back  :  remove. 
ductus,  us  [diico],  m.,  leadership. 
Duilius,  i,  m.,  C  JtuHius,  consul  2<".<> 

n.(  .,  commander  of  the  Roman  fleet 

in  the  battle  of  Mylae.  2r>0  n.v. 
dum,  conj.,  iv/iile,  until. 
duo.  ae.  o,  num.  adj..  fnu,. 
duodecim    [duo-  decem],  indtcl. 

niiiii.  adj..  twelre. 
duodecimus,  a,  um    [duo      deci- 

mus].  num.  adj.,  tuelfth. 
duplex,  icis  [duo  :  plico.  fofofd], 

adj.,  twoftdd,  double. 
duplico.  are.  avi.  atus  [duplex]. 

to  ilonh't  \  rejieot . 

durus,  a,  um,  adj.,  Imrd,  JkivsJi,  dijli- 

rutt. 
dux.    ducis    [duco],   m.,   '/   leader, 

guide,  commander. 


e.  ^(M•  ex. 

Eboracum,  i.  ii.,  a   city  in   Britain. 

nioilorn  York. 
Edessa,  ae,  f.,  a  city  in  the  western 

part  of  MesoiM)tamia. 
edictum.  i  [edico,  to  make  known]. 

n.,  a  proclamation,  edict. 
editio.  onis   [edo].  f.,  a  statement, 

account . 


edo,  see  do. 
edQco,  see  duco. 
effero,  sec  fero. 
eflQcio,  see  facio. 


r-' 


VOCABULARY 


ef fringe,  see  frango. 

effugio,  see  fugio. 

ego.  mei.  pers.  proii.,  /  ;  i)l.  nos,  icp. 

egredior,  see  *gradior, 

egregie     [egregius],     adv.,    excel- 

lenthf,  excenJitif/hf,  strikhigb/. 
egregius,  a.  um  [e  +  grex,  hprd], 

adj.,  select,  distinguished,  euiinent. 
eicio.  see  *iacio. 
elegans,  antis  [elego,  for  eligo]. 

a'lj.,  selt'cf,  ele(/ant,  polite. 
elementum,  i,  n.,  a   Hrst  principle, 

simple  substance ;  rudiments. 
elephantus,  i,  m.,  elephant. 
eligo.  see  lego, 
emineo,  ere,  ui,  — ,  to  stand  out,  be 

conspicuous. 
emo,  ere,  emi,  emptus,   to  t^ike; 

but/,  purchase  :  (jain,  acquire. 
ad  — adimo,  ere,  emi,  emptus, 

to  take  away,  destroy,  deprive  of. 
inter  —  interim5,      ere,     emi, 

emptus.  to  take  from  the  mid.'it  of, 

kill. 

per— perinio,  ere,  emi,  emp 
tus,  to   take  away  entirely;  anni- 
hilate, destroy. 

re  — redimo,   ere,    emi,    emp- 
tus, to  buy  back,  redeem,  rum^ota.  • 
emptor,   oris   [emo],  m.,   ((  buyer, 

purchaser. 
enim,    conj.,    always     postpositive, 
namely,  in  fact,  you  know,  for,  be- 
cause. 
e5,   ire.   ivi    (ii),  iturus,   to  go    or 
co7ne,  march. 

ab  — abe5.  ire,  ivi  (ii).  iturus. 
to  go  away.  d"part. 

circum  —  circumeo,  ire,  ivi 
(ii),  itus,  to  go  around,  surround. 

inter— intereo,  ire,  ivi  (Ii), 
iturus.  to  perish,  die. 

ob  — obeo,  ire,  ivi  (ii),  itus,  to 
go  to  meet ;  attend  to,  perform ;  die, 
perish. 


per  — pereo,ire,ivi  (ii), iturus, 
to  perish,  dis  ipj>cor,  die. 

re- redeo,  ire,  ivi  (ii),  iturus, 
to  go  back,  return. 

trans  —  transeo,  ire,  ivi  (ii), 
iturus,  to  go  acro.ts,  cross;  pasf 
through  or  by  ;  desert. 

eo  [is],  adv., /or  that  reason,  there- 
fore; to  that  place,  thither;  to  that 
degree,  so  far. 

Ephesus,  i,  f.,  a  Greek  citj'  near  the 
coast  of  Asia  Minor. 

Epirus,  i,  f.,  a  country  on  the  Ionian 
Sea,  northwest  of  Greece  proper. 

epistola,  ae,  f.,  a  letter. 

epulae,  arum.  pi.  f .,  a  banquet,  feast. 

eques.itis  [equus] ,  ra.,  a  hors"ma)i, 
kuight;  pi.  cacalry ;  magister 
equitum,  master  of  the  horse,  aid- 
de-camp  of  the  dictator. 

equitatus,  us  [equito,  to  ride],  m., 
cavalry. 

equus,  i,  ni.,  a  horse. 

erectus,  a,  um  [orig.  part,  of  erigo], 
adj.,  upright,  erect. 

ergo,  adv.,  expressing  an  inference, 
now,  then,  therefore. 

eripio,  see  rapio. 

err5,  are,  avi,  atus,  to  waitder, 
stray,  rove :  bf  in  error,  err. 

erudio,  ire,  ivi  (ii),  itus  [e  +  rudis, 
rough],  to  polish,  educate,  train. 

eruditio,  onis  [erudio],  f.,  a  polish- 
ing, traini'ig. 

erumpo,  see  rumpo. 

Esquilinus,  i,  in.  (se.  collis),  the 
Esquiline,  the  largest  of  the  seven 
hills  of  Rome. 

et,  conj..  and,  also,  even,  and  yet; 
et  .  .  .  et.  both  .  .  .  a)id. 

etenim,  conj., /or, /or  truly,  and  in- 
deed, because,  since. 

etiam  [et  +  iam] ,  conj.,  also,  even. 

Eumenes,  is,  m.,  king  of  Perganius, 
IDT-loU  B.C. 


VOCAIU  LAUV 


IM! 


Eumenia,  ae,  f.,  a  city  in  Phrygia. 
Euphrates,    is,    dat.    Euphratae, 

p.  Ho,  1.  22,   ni.,   the   Euphrates,  a 

river  in  Syria. 
Eutropius,  i,  ni.,  see  Life. 
Europa,  ae,  f.,  Europe. 
evado,  see  *vado. 
eveho,  see  veho. 
evenio,  see  venio. 
eventus,  us  [evenio],  m.,  outcome, 

result :  occurrence,  event. 
everto,  see  *verto. 
evoco,  see  voco. 
ex  or  e  (last  never  before  vowels), 

prep,   with  abl. ;   of  place,  out  of,\ 

from ;  of  cause,  in  consequence  of,  ! 

been  use  o/;  according  to. 
exanimo,    are,    avi,    atus    [ex  + 

anima],  to  put  out  of  breath,  kill; 

weaken. 

exardesco,  ere.  arsi.  arsus  [ex  + 
ardesco,  to  t ok"  fire],  to  take  fire  ; 
be  angry. 

exauctSro,  are,  avi,  atus,  to  dis- 
charge from  service,  release  from 
fhp  military  oath. 

excidium.  i,  n  .  downfall,  ruin. 

excido,  see  caedo. 

excipio,  see  capio. 

excito,  see  *cit6. 

exclCldo.  see  claudo. 

exemplum.  i,  n.,  a  .specimen,  ex- 
inuple. 

exerceo,  sec  *arceo. 

exercitus,    us    [exerceo],    ni.,    an 

army. 
exhaurio.  see  haurio. 
exhibeo.  see  habeo. 
exig5,  see  ag5. 
exiguus,  a.  um  [exigS],  ?n\].,  small, 

scanty. 
existimo,    are.    avi,    atus    [ex + 
aestimo,   to   reckm],  to  compute, 
value, judge,  think, estimate, believe, 
suppose,  imagine. 


exitiabilis,    e    [exitium],   adj.,  de- 
structive, (k'adli/. 

exitium,  i  [exeo],   n.,  destruction, 
ruin. 

exitus,  us  [exeo],  m.,  a  going  out, 
way  of  egress ;  result. 

exordium,  i  [ex -fordo],  n.,  a  be- 
t/in ui  of/. 

exosus,  a,  um  [part,  of  exodi],  adj., 
hating,  detesting. 

expavesco,  ere,  pavi,  —  [ex  +  pa- 
vesco,  incho.  of  paveo,  to  become 
alarmed],  to  dread,  fear  greatly 
(rare). 

expeditio,  onis  [expedio,  to  .set  fire], 
f..  ((/I  expcditi  oi .  eumpaign. 

expello,  see  pello. 

experior,  iri.  pertus  sum,  to  te.st, 
try;  await,  undergo  ;  find,  learn. 

expers,  tis  [ex  -f  pars] ,  a(\].,  having 
no  part  in;  destitute  of,  devoid  of, 
free  front,  without. 

expleo.  see  *pleo. 

explorator,  oris  [explore,  to  search 
out],  ni.,  a  scout. 

export© ,  see  *porto. 

expugno.  see  piigno. 

exsecrabilis.  e  [exsecror] .  adj., 
accurscil. 

exsecratio,  onis  [exsecror],  f.,  an 
('.recro/ion,  midcdiction,  curse. 

exsecror.  sec  *sacro. 

exsequiae.  arum  [exsequor.  to  fol- 
low out],  f.,  funeral  procession, 
funeral. 

exsilium,  i  [exsul,  a  banished  per- 
son], n.,  ba)iishiuent,  e.tile. 

exsisto.  see  *sist6. 

exspectatio,  onis  [exspecto],  f., 
crpectation,  anticipation. 

exspecto,  see  specto. 

exstinguo,  ere  stinxi,  stinctus 
[ex  +  stinguo.  to  cftinguish],  to 
quench,  kill,  blot  out,  destroy,  fx- 

I      tinguish.  put  an  end  to. 


r.H 


VOCABrLARY 


exsulo,   are,   avi,    atus    [exsul,  o 

liii III >ihe(l person],  to  he  in  exile. 
externus,  a,  um  [exter,  outer'],  adj., 

external,  foreif/n,  struuf/e. 
extorqueo.     ere),      torsi,     tortus 

[ex  +  torqueo.  to  ticist],  to  twist 

(Hit,  extort. 
extra  [exter,  ou^e/-],  adv.,  on  the  out- 

siile,  without;  prep,  with  ace,  out- 

x.hle  of,  heijond. 
extrahd,  see  traho. 
extrinsecus,   adv.,    irithoat,  on   the 

oittiside  ;  —  praeterea,  in  addition. 

F. 

Fabius,  i,  in.,  the  name  of  a  Roman 
gens. 
Fabiafaniilid,  the  Fabian  gens. 
C.  Fabius,  consul  477  b.c. 
Q.  Fafiius,  the  lirst  Roman  annal- 
ist. 

(,'.  Fabins  Pirtor,  consul  2()*.)  n.c. 

See  Licinius,  Maximus,  Vibu- 

lanus. 

Fabricius,  i,  lu.,  (C.)  Fabricius  {Lu- 

scinus),  a  Roman    statesman    and 

general,  prominent  in  tlie  war  with 

Pyrrhus  ;  consul  283  and  278  B.C. 

facile   [facilis,    eas[/],    adv.,    eomp. 

facilius:  easilii :  rendily. 
facilitas,  atis  [facilis,  easy],  f.,  ease, 

kindline.^s,  kindness,  courtesy. 
facio,  ere,  feci,  factus,  to  do,  make, 
(tet,  fonn  :  choose,  aii})oint ;  pass, 
fio,  fieri,  factus  sum,  to  be  <1one, 
in'ciir,  take  jtlace,  hup/ten  :  certi- 
orem  facere,  to  inform. 

ad  — adflcio,  ere,  feci,  fectus, 
to  do  something  to,  influence  ;  treat, 
visit  with. 

con  —  conficio,   ere,  feci,   fec- 
tus,   to  do    thorouijhty,    complete; 
wear  out,  exhaust ;  prepare,  collect, 
furnish. 


de  —  deflcio,  ere,  feci,  fectus,  to 
fail,  desert,  be  wanting  ;  revolt. 

ex  —  efflcio,  ere,  feci,  fectus,  to 
form,  e  fleet ;  accomplish;  render; 
build ;  produce. 

inter  —  interficio,  ere.  feci,  fec- 
tus, to  shin,  kill. 

prae  —  praeficio,  ere,  feci,  fec- 
tus, to  place  In  command  of,  ap- 
point. 

factio,  onis  [facioj,  f.,  a  party, 
political  party,  faction. 

factum,  i  [facio] ,  n.,  a  deed,  act. 

facundia,  ae  [facundus],  f.,  elo- 
(/nence,  oratory. 

facundus,  a,  um,  adj.,  eloquent. 

Falisci,  orum,  pl.m.,  the  inhabitants 
of  Falerium,  a  town  in  Etruria,  near 
Mount  Soraete. 

falso  [falsus,yW/.sf],  adv.,  falsely. 

fama,  ae  [for,  to  speak],  f.,  report, 
rumor;  rettown,  honor. 

Famea,  ae,  m.,  the  surname  of 
llamilco,  commander  of  tiie  Car- 
thaginian cavalry  in  the  third  Punic 
war. 

fames,  is.  f.,  hunger,  starvation. 

familia,  ae  [famulus,  slave],  f.,  the 
slaves  in  a  liojtsehold ;  fnmily, 
household;  race,  estate,  retinue; 
mater  familias  (old  gen.),  mis- 
tress, matron. 

familiaris,  e  [familia],  adj.,  belong- 
ing to  a  family,  private,  intimate, 
friendly;  as  subst.,  an  intiinate 
friend;  res  familiares, ///•oy)e/7//. 

familiaritas,  atis  [familiaris],  f., 
i  ntimacy,  friendship. 

famula,  ae,  f.,  a  slave  wom<tn. 

fastigium,  i,  n.,  top,  /i eight ;  slope, 
desc'iit ;  rank,  dignity. 

fataliter  [fatalis,  fatal],  adv.,  fa- 
tallif,  according  to  fate. 

fatigatio.  onis  [fatigo],  f.,  weari- 
ness, fatigue. 


VOCABULARY 


r.a 


fatigo,  are,  avi,  atus,  to  tire,  vex; 

frsf. 

fatum,  i  [for,  to  speak],  n.,  an  utter- 
ance, prophetic  declaration,  oracle; 
fate,  destiny. 
Fausta,   ae,  f.,  Flavia   Mdximidna, 
the   daughter   of    Maximianus  and 
wife  of  Constantine  the  (ireat. 

Faustina,  ae,  f.,  Galeria   Faustina 
(called   Jiini«»r    to    distinguish    her 
from  her  mother),  the  daughter  of 
Amira  (Valeria  Faustina.     She  was  | 
the  wife  of  M.  Aurelius. 

Faustus,  i,  m.,  L.  Cornelius  Faust  us, 
son  of  the'dictator  Sulla.  j 

faveo,  ere,  favi,  fauturus,  to  be 
fiirorable,  furor,  support,  rhcri.sh. 

favor,  oris  [faveo],  m.,  favor,  good 
will,  prais". 

favorabilis.  e  [favor],  mly,  favored, 
in  favor;  winning  favor,  pleasing. 

Felicissimus,  i,  m.,  the  name  of  the 
<lirector  of  the  mint  under  the  em- 
peror Aurclian. 

felicitas,  atis  [felix],  f.,  good  for- 
tune, siirc'ss. 

feliciter  Tfelix],  adv.,  eomp.  felicius,  | 
sui>.  felicissime;  luckily,  happily.  I 

felix.  icis,  adj.,  happy,  successful, 
fortumde. 

femina,  ae,  f.,  a  woman,  female. 

fera,  ae  [ferusj,  f..  a  wild  Iteast. 

ferculum,  i  [fero],  n.,  a  means  of 
rnrrying,  a  frame,  barrow,  litter. 

fere,  adv.,  almc^t,  nearly,  for  the 
most  jiarf,  usually;  about;  with 
neg.,  hardly,  searcely. 

feriatus,  a.  um  [feriae,  days  of  rest] , 
■m\].,  keei)i)ig  /lolidoys,  idle;  festive. 

ferme  [for  ferime,  sup.  of  fere], 
adv.,  almost,  about  (especially  of 
numbers). 

fero,  ferre.  tuli,  latus.  to  bear, 
lift ;  endure;  bring,  receive,  report; 
drive,  blow  (of  the  wind)  :  pass.,  to 


rush;  enter;  signa  ferre.  to  ad- 
vnnrr  :  fertxiv,  is  said :  ferre  sen- 
tentiam.  to  Jndgi . 

ab  —  auferd,  ferre,  abstuli,  ab- 
latus,  to  take  or  carry  away, 
remove. 

ad  -  adfero,  ferre,  attuli,  ad- 
latus,  to  bring,  present,  produce, 
aflirm  ;  carry  word. 

circum  —  circumfero,  ferre, 
tuli,  latus,  to  cast  amtind,  go 
around. 

con  —  confero,  ferre,  tuli.  la- 
tus, to  bring  together,  collect :  con- 
vey;  impute;  compare;  se  con- 
ferre,  fietoke  o?/^'.s  self,  go. 

de  — defero,  ferre,  tuli.  latus, 
to  bring  doicn,  bring;  report,  in- 
form; «.s.s?7n,  confer  tipon  :  offer; 
accu,^e ;  remdeferre  ad  populum. 
to  submit  a  nuifter  to  the  people. 

dis  — differs,  ferre,  distuli,  di- 
latus,  to  carry  asunder,  .scatter; 
postpone  :  delay  :  differ. 

ex  — effer5,  ferre,  extuli,  ela- 
tus,  to  carry  out  or  away ;  .spread 
abroad;  raise,  elate;  bury. 

in  — infero,  ferre.  intuli,  inla- 
tus,  to  bring  in  or  U[i(in  ;  introduce  ; 
throw;  infict ;  make,  produce;  in- 
.spire ;  bellum  inferre.  fn  vuige 
(olfensive)  war  ■  signa  inferre,  to 
advance  again.*<t;  se  inferre,  to 
betake  one's  self. 

ob  —  offero.  ferre,  obtuli,  obla- 
tus.  to  Itvi'ig  before,  offer :  promise  : 
expose. 

per  — perfero,  ferre,  tuli,  la- 
tus, to  carry  through;  convey, 
report :  endure. 

prae  —  praefer5,  ferre.  tuli.  la- 
tus, to  carry  before ;  put  before, 
prefer. 

re  — refero,  ferre.  rettuli,  la- 
tus, to  bring  back;  report,  relate; 


102 


VOCABULARY 


pedem  referre,  retreat ;  gratiam 
referre.  innk^'  return,  requit". 

trans  — transfers,  ferre,  tuli, 
latiis,  to  l)i(tr  or  take  over  i»r  acros.s ; 
frmisport,  tran<f"r. 

ferocia,  ae  [ferox,  tkrce^,  f.,  fierce- 
ness, couraf/e,  rrneltt/. 

ferratus,  a,  um  [ferrum],  a(lj../'/r- 
nisheiJ  wWi  iron,  ironed;  milites 
ferrati,  cuirassiers. 

ferrum,  i,  u.,  iron;  sivord,  spear. 

ferus,  a,  um,  adj.,  icil(t,  barbarous, 
crnf'L 

festind,  are,  avi,  atus,  to  hasten. 

festus,  a,  um,  -.ul].,  festive ;  dies 
festus,/e((s^  day. 

fetor,  oris,  m.,  an  ofensive  smell. 

fictus,  a,  um  [fingo,  to  form],  adj., 
fdls",  firfitions. 

Fidenae,  arum,  pi.  f.,  an  ancient 
town  ill  the  conntry  of  the  Sabines, 
live  miles  north  of  Rome. 

Fidenates,  um,  pi.  m.,  the  inhabit- 
ants of  Fidenae. 

fides,  ei,  f.,  f/ood  faith,  loyalty; 
pro)nise  ;  aUia))re  ;  tr^ist. 

fidus,  a.  um,  adj.,  trusty,  faithful. 

filia,  ae,  t'.,  daughter. 

filius,  i,  m.,  s'ni. 

finio,  ire,  ivi,  itus  (finis),  to  bound, 
limit ;  end,  finish. 

finis,  is,  m.,  a  limit,  boundary  ;  end, 
jnirpose ;  pi.,  territory,  rountnj. 

finitimus,  a,  um  [finis] ,  adj.,  bor- 
deriny,  vdyfiborlny ;  as  subst., 
finitimi,  orum,  pi.  m.,  neiyhbors. 

flo,  fieri,  factus  sum,  see  facio. 

firmus,  a,  um,  adj.,  strong,  power- 
ful;  trusty. 

fiscus,  i,  m.,  a  purse;  treasury. 

Flaccus,  i,  m.,  1.  {M.)  Fulrius  Flac- 
cus,  eoiisal  ■_*()4  B.C. 

2.    Q.   Fulvius  [Flaccus),   consul 
237  B.C. 

flagfitidsus,    a,    um    [flagitium,    a 


crime],  adj.,  shameful,  disgraceful, 

infamous. 
Flamininus,  i,  m.,  T.  Qulntius  Fld- 

)niHhtus,  consul  123  B.C. 
Flaminius,    i,    m.,    (C.)   Flatninius 

(Xepos),  consul  223  and  217  B.C. 
fleo,  ere.  flevi,  fletus,  to  weep. 
fletus,  us  [fleoj,   m.,  weeping,  en- 

treidies;  tears. 
*flig6,  ere,  flixi,  flictus,  to  strike 

(ante-classical). 
ad— adfligo,  ere,  flixi,  flictus, 

to  dash  against,  scatter,  ruin. 

con— confligo,   ere,  flixi,  flic- 
tus,   to    strike   together;    contend, 

fight. 

pro  —  profligo,  are,  avi,  atus, 

to  rout,  iyvertlinnc. 
floreo,  ere,  ui,  —  [flos,  a  fiower],  to 

bloom,  ffourish,  prosper. 
Florianus,  i,  m.,  (3/.  Anniu.<i)  Flori- 

anus,  the  brother  of  the  emperor 

Tacitus,  upon  whose  death  he  was 

proclaimed  emperor  at  Rome,  27(5 

A.D. 

Florus,  i,  m.,  C.  Arpdlius  Floru^,Ci>n- 

sul  with  Ti.  Scipio,  2'>Ub.c. 
flumen,  inis  [flu5J,   n.,    a    stream, 

river. 
fluo,  ere,  fluxi.  fluxus,  to  flow. 

con  — conflu5.  ere,  fluxi, —,  ?o 

run  together,  crou:d,  throng. 
fluvius.  i  [fluo],  m.,  a  river. 
foedo.  are,  avi,  atus  [foedus],  to 

moke  foal,  poll  ate;  di'<honor. 
foedus,  a,  um,  ad].,  foul,  unseendy. 
foedus,   eris,  n.,  a   trady,  alliance, 

league. 
forem,  es.  et,  etc.,  see  sum. 
forma,  ae,  i.,  form,  figure,  beauty. 
fortis.  e.  adj.,  brare,  s'nmg. 
fortitude,  inis  [fortis],  f.,  courage, 

bravery. 
fortuitus,  a,  um  [fors,  chance],  adj., 

causal,  accidental  (rare). 


VOCAlilL.ViJY 


193 


fortuna,  ae  [fors,  chance],  f.,  luck, 
fiirtini'- ;  st<de,  property. 

fortunatus,  a,  um  [fortuna],  adj., 
lucky  .for' un<de. 

forum,  i  (cf.  foris,  out  of  doors),  w., 
an  out  of  doors  place,  market, 
Forum;  esp.,  the  Forum  Romanum 
between  the  Caiiitoline  and  the 
Palatine  hills.  It  was  the  center  of 
the  political,  religious,  and  business 
life  of  Rome. 

fossa,  ae  [fodio,  to  dig],  f.,  a  ditch, 
pit,  moat. 

Franci,  orum,  pi.  m.,  the  Franci, 
i.e.  "  the  Freemen,"  a  confederacy 
of  German  tribes  on  the  lower 
Rhine. 

frango,  ere,  fregi,  fractus,  to  break; 
wreck,  subdue,  tire  ouf. 

ex  — effringo,  ere,  fregi,  frac- 
tus, to  break  q(f',  break  open. 

in  — infringe,  ere.  fregi,   frac- 
tus, to  break  of;  subdue,  overcome. 

frater.  tris,  m.,  a  brother. 

fraternus,  a,  um  [frater].  adj., 
brother's,  bmih^rly. 

fraus,  fraudis,  i.,foul  play ;  treach- 
ery. 

frequens.  entis,  a  Ij.,  Grounded,  fre- 
quent;  in  great  )) ambers. 

frequenter  [frequens],  adv.,  often. 

frequento,  are,  avi,  atus  [fre- 
quens], to  visit  repeatedly;  fre- 
quent ;  throng. 

frigidus,  a,  um  [frigeo,  to  be  cold], 
.adj.,  cold. 

frigus,  oris,  n.,  cold. 

Fronto,  onis,  m.,  (3/.  Cornelius) 
Front  a,  a  celebrated  teacher  of 
rhetoric  during  the  reign  of  Ha- 
drian. 

frumentum,  i  [fruor,  to  enjoy],  n., 
grain,  cor)i;  pi.,  crops. 

frustra,  adv.,  ///  vain. 

fuga,  ae,  i.,fiight. 

IIAZ.    KITIJOI'IIS  —  1.3 


fugio,   ere,  fug.!,—,   to  fee;  avoid, 

escajH'. 
con  —  confugfo.  ere,  fugi,  — ,  to 

fiee,  take  refuge. 

dis  — diffugio,  ere,  fQgi,  — ,  to 

fiee  apart,  scatter. 

ex  — effugio,   ere,    fugi,—,   to 

fiee  from,  esrap\ 

pro  — profugio,  ere,  fugi,—,  to 

fiee,  escap". 

re — refugio,    ere,    fugi,—,  to 

fiee  back,  escape. 
fugo,  are,  avi,  atus  [fugio],  to  put 

to  fiight,  rout. 
fulgeo,  ere,  fulsi,  — ,  to  fiash, gleam. 
fulmen,  inis  [fulgeo],  n.,  lightning, 

tliunderbolt. 
Fulvius,  i,  m..  the  name  of  a  Roman 

gens.    See  Centumalus,  Flaccus, 

Nobilior. 
fundo,   ere,   fudi,   fusus,   ^>   pour, 

shed ;  roid,  vanquish. 

con  —  confundo,  ere,  fudi,  fu- 
sus, topiur  toyi'tlier,  mingle,  unite, 

confuse. 
dis  —  diff und5,  ere,  fudi,  fusus, 

to  spread  out,  eytend,  stretch. 
funestus,  a,  um  [funus],  adj.,  cans- 

ing  death,  deadly,  destructive. 
ftinis,  is,  f.,  a  rope,  cable. 
fCinus,  eris.  n.,  burial,  funeral  rites  ; 

eorps'\ 
furca,  ae,  f.,  a    two-pronged  fork; 

yoke. 
furcula.    ae   [furca],   f.,    a  forked 

prop  ;  pi.,  a  narrow  pa.s.s. 
Furius.  i,  m.,  the  name  of  a  Roman 

gens. 

C.  Filrias  Plnridus,  conH\\\  251  B.C. 
See  Camillus. 
Fuscus,  i,  m.,  Cornelius  F^/.scu.s,  one 

of    the    most  active    adherents    of 

Vespasian    in    his    contest   for   the 

empire. 
futurus,  .see  sum. 


VOCABULARY 


G 

Gabii,  orum,  pi.  ni.,  an  ancient 
town  ill  Latinm,  east  of  Rome. 

Galatia,  ae,  f.,  a  province  of  Asia 
Minor  settled  by  Gallic  tribes  in  the 
tbird  century  B.C. 

Galba,  ae,  in.,  S^rvius  {Sulpicius) 
G(tlbi(,  Konian  emperor  {\H-iVj  A.n. 

Galerius.  !.  ni.,  .see  Maximianus. 

Gallia,  ae,  f.,  the  country  of  the 
Gauls ;  modern  France  and  the  terri- 
tories on  the  west  bank  of  the  Rhine. 
The  northern  part  of  Italy  was  set- 
tle<l  by  Gauls,  and  was  called  GaU'm 
Clsalpiim;  hence  the  pi.  Galliae. 

Gallienus,  i,  m.  {P.  Lichua.^  Valeri- 
(1)1  Ks  E<j>i(ttlnH)  GalUenuKt  Roman 
f'lnperor  260-268  a.d. 

Gallus,  i,  m., 

1.  C.  (Cn.)  Cornelius  Gallus,  gov- 
ernor of  Egypt  umler  Auj;ustus. 

2.  Gollus  Hostili anus,  Uoman  em- 
peror  251-25;>  a.d. 

Gallus,  a.  um  adj.,  pertalniuf/  to 
Gaul;  Gain,  orum,  pi.  m.,  the 
G<iuls. 

gaudium,  i  [gaudeo,  to  rejoice],  n., 

Joif. 

gaza.  ae.  f.,  treasure,  riches. 

geminus,  a,  um,  adj.,  tvjin,  twofold ; 
as  subst.,  gemini.  orum.  pi.  m., 
the  tu-ins. 

gemma,  ae,  f..  a  bud ;  gem,  precious 
sfouf. 

gener.  eri.  m.,  a  son-in-law. 

genitura,  ae,  f.,  hour  of  birth  ;  na- 
tivity. 

gens,  gentis,  f.,  a  gens  or  clan; 
tribe,  jieiiplf,  nation. 

Gentius,!,m.,  a  king  of  the  lUyrians. 

Genucius,  i,  m.,  L.  Genucius,  consul 

'M]7i  B.C. 

genus,  generis,  n.,  race,  family, 
stock,  birth  ;  kind,  class,  sort. 


Germani,  orum,  pi.  m.,  the  Ger- 
ni'dts. 

Gerraania,  ae,  1..  Genuauif. 

Germanicianus,  a,  um,  adj.,  sta- 
tioned or  serving  in  Germany  (late). 

gero,  ere,  gessl.  gestus,  to  bear, 
carry ;  perform,  do,  carry  out , 
icage ;  se  gerere,  to  conduct  one's 
self,  behave;  rem  publicam  ge- 
rere, to  administer  the  state;  res 
gestae,  ex/iloifs,  hisforif. 

con—  congerd,  ere,  gessi,  ges- 
tus, to  bring  together,  collect. 

Geta,  ae,  m.,  Septimius  Geta,  brother 
of  Caracalla,  l)y  whom  he  was  assas- 
sinated, 212  A.D. 

Glabrio,  onis,  m.,  M.  Aciiius  Gla- 
brio,  consul  VM  B.C. 

gladiator,  oris  [gladius],  m.,  a 
gladiator. 

gladiatorius,  a,  um  [gladiator], 
adj.,  pertaining  to  a  gladiator, 
gladiatorial. 

gladius,  i,  m.,  a  sword. 

gloria,  ae,  f..  gloi-y,  honor,  fame. 

gloridse  [gloria],  adv.,  gloriously. 

Gordianus,  i,  m.,  (A/.  Antdnia.<i) 
Gordidnvs,  the  name  of  three  Roman 
emperors,  father,  son,  and  grandson, 
2;'.7-244  A.D. 

1.  Gordianus,  senior. 

2.  Gordianus  A  ugustus,  son  of  ( 1 ). 
.'>.  Gordidn  us  A  ugustus,  son  of  (2). 

Gothi,  orum,   pi.   ra.,  the  Goths,  a 

(Jermanic  people. 
Gracchus,  i,  m.,  a  family  name  in 
the  Sempronian  gens  at  Rome. 

Ti.  Sempronius  Gracchus,  consul 
218  B.C.    See  Notes,  p.  124. 
*gradior,  gradi.  gressus  sum,  to 
step,  ifidk. 

ad—  aggredior,    gredi.    gres- 
sus sum,  to  approach,  attack,  wi- 
de rt  a  ke. 
con  —  congredior.  grpdl.  gres- 


VOCAIU!    \l:V 


lU.l 


sus  sum,  to  come  together,  vnite 

with,  engage,  affufk. 

e  —  egredior,  gredi,  gressus 
sum,  to  go  out,  leave,  disembark ; 
surpass, 

in  — ingredior,  gredi,  gressus 
sum,  to  enter. 

pr5  —  progredior.  gredi,  gres- 
sus sum.  to  ((ilrti iic<',  procei  il, 

re—  regredior,  gredi,  gressus 
sum.  to  stcj)  It'f'k,  retreat,  return. 

trans  —  transgredior,  gredi, 
gressus  sum,  to  step  over  or 
across,  cross. 

Graece,  advr,  in  the  Greek  language, 
ill  Greek. 

Graecia,  ae,  f.,  Greece. 

Graecus,  a,  um,  adj.,  Grerinn, 
Greek;  as  subst.,  Graeci.  orum, 
pi.  m.,  the  Greeks. 

grandaevus.    a,    um    [grandis  ^ 
aevum,  age],  adj.,  aged. 

grandis,  e.  adj.,  large,  grand. 

gratia,  ae  [gratus],  f,,  favor,  re- 
gard ;  return,  acknoicledge  ;  friend- 
ship, love,  popularity,  influence; 
gratiae,  arum,  pi.  f.,  thanks; 
gratia,  with  preceding  gen.,  fre- 
quent in  expressions  of  purpo.se,  for 
th"  sake  of. 

gratus,  a,  um,  adj.,  welcome,  pleas- 
ing, grateful. 

gravis,  e,  adj.,  heavy,  hard,  severe; 
important,  grave ;  troublesome, 
grievous. 

graviter  [gravis],  adv.,  comp.  gra- 
vius,  sup.  gravissime  :  weightily, 
vigorously,  seriously,  ivith  dignity. 

H. 

habena,  ae  [habeo],  f.,  a  holder, 
halter,  rein;  (mly  in  pi.,  the  reins, 
direction, management,  government. 

habeo,  ere,  ui.  Itus,  to  have,  h(dd, 


possess,    ke*'p ;     regard,    consider; 
render  (honor) ;  habere  se,  to  be. 
de  — debeo,    ere,    ui,    itus.  to 
owe,  ought;  pass.,  be  due;  debet, 
debuit,  inf.,  ought. 

ex  — exhibeo  ere.  ui.  itus,  to 
hold  forth,  show,  disptlay  ;  furnish, 
procure, 

prae  — praebeo,  ere.  ui,  itus. 
to  hold  in  front,  otjer,  furnish, 
exhibit. 

habito,  are.  avi.  atus  [freq.  of 
habeo],  t(>  dwell,  inhabit,  live. 

habitus,  us  [habeo],  m.,  state,  con- 
dition ;  habit,  manner ;  dress. 

Hadrianus,  i,  in.,  (P.)  Arlius  Hadri- 
an us.  Roman  emperor  117-Ki8  a.d. 

Haemus,  i,  ni.,  a  lofty  range  of 
mountains  .sei>arating  Thrace  and 
Moesia. 

Hamilcar,  aris,  m.,  a  Carthaginian 
general  in  the  lirst  Punic  war. 

Hannibal,  alls,  m.,  the  son  (»f  Hamil- 
car Ban-a,  the  great  general  of  the 
Cartliaginians  in  the  second  Punic 
war. 

Hanno,  onis,  m., 

1.  A  Carthaginian  general  in  the 
second  Punic  war,  taken  captive  in 
Sicily  210  b.c. 

2.  A  Carthaginian  general  in  tiie 
second  Punic  war,  defeated  l)y  Scipio 
203  B.C. 

Hasdrubal,  alis,  m., 

1.  Surnamed  Calvus,  "  the  Bald," 
commander  of  the  Carthaginian  ex- 
]>editi()n  to  Sardinia  in  the  second 
Punic  war  21.')  B.C. 

2.  Brotlier  of  Hannibal,  defeated 
and  slain  at  the  battle  of  the  Aletau- 
rus207  B.C. 

:i.  The  leader  of  the  Carthaginians 
in  the  third  Punic  war  141>-14(j  B.C. 
baud,  adv.,  by  no  means,  not  at  all, 
)iot. 


196 


VOCABULARY 


I 


haurio,    ire,    hausi,    haustus,    to  | 

drink. 

ex— exhaurio,  ire,  hausi,  haus- 
tus, t"  lake  out,  rniptij  out,  erlianst. 

Helena,  ae,  f.,  the  luinie  of  a  Roman 
camp  ill  Spain  where  Constaiis  died. 

Hehogabalus,  i,  m.,  see  Antoninus. 

Helvetii,  orum,  pi.  in.,  a  Celtic  tribe 
living  north  of  Lake  Geneva  in 
modern  Switzerland . 

Heraclea,  ae,  f,,  a  city  in  Thrace  on 
the  Propontis. 

Herculius,  i,  m.,  a  cognomen  of 
Maximianns. 

Herennius,  i,  m.,  T.  Ilerennius 
(Pontius),  leader  of  the  Samnites 
in  tlie  Marsic  war. 

heres.  edis,  m.,  an  heir. 

Hiberi,  orum,  pi.  m.,  the  inliabitants 
of  Hiheriu. 

Hiberia,  ae.  f.,  a  country  of  Asia. 

hie,  haec,  hoc,  dem.  pron.,  this ;  he, 
she,  it;  the  follow  inrf  ;  the  latter. 

hiems,  hiemls,  f.,  winter ;  storm. 

Hiempsal,  alls,  ni.,  son  of  Micipsa, 
king  of  Nuiuidia,  was  murdered  by 
.Tuuurtha. 

Hierda,  ae,  m.,  king  of  Mauretania. 

Hierius,  i,  m.,  Hierius  A.nnius,  leader 
of  the  Samnites  in  the  Marsic 
war. 

Hier5,  onis,  m.,  king  of  Syracuse,  an 
ally  of  the  Romans. 

Hierosolyma,  orum,  pi.  n.,  Jerusa- 
lem. 

lime  [hie],  adv.,  from  this  place  or 
time,  hence. 

Hirtius,  i.  m.,  (.4.)  Hirtius,  friend  of 
Caesar;  consul  43  B.C. 

Hirtuleius.  i,  m.,  a  distinguished  gen- 
oral  of  Sertorius  in  Spain. 

Hispania,  ae.  f.,  Spain  (including 
Portugal).  It  was  divided  into  two 
provinces,  Hispania  Citerior  and 
Ulterior;  hence  the  pi.  Hispaniae. 


Hispanus,  a,  um,  adj.,  Spanish;  as 
subst.,  Hispanus,  i,  m.,  a  Spaniard. 

historia,  ae,  f.,  history,  account, 
story. 

historicus,  i,  m.,  an  historiaii. 

Hister,  tri,  f.,  a  town  in  Lower 
Moesia. 

Histri,  orum,  pi.  m,,  the  i)ihabitants 
of  Ilistria,  a  peninsula  in  the  north- 
ern extremity  of  the  Adriatic  Sea. 

hodie  [hoe  +  die],  adv.,  to-day. 

homo,  hominis,  in.  and  f.,  a  human 
beinf/ ;  man,  mankind. 

honestas,  atis  [honestus],  f.,  honor, 
virtue. 

honestus,  a,  um  [honor] ,  adj.,  hon- 
orable, iipriyht,  noble,  illustrious. 

honor,  oris,  m.,  honor,  respect,  es- 
teem ;  public  office. 

honorifice  [honorificus,  conferring 
honor],  adv.,  icith  honor,  honorably. 

honoro,  are,  avi,  atus  [honor],  to 
honor,  respect,  adorn;  celebrate. 

hora,  ae,  f.,  hour,  the  twelfth  part 
of  the  day  (sunrise  to  sunset)  or 
night. 

Horatius,  i,  m.,  the  name  of  a  Roman 
gens.     See  Pulvillus. 

Hormisda,  ae,  m.,  king  of  Persia, 
30n-310A.D. 

horror,  6ris,m.,  dread,  terror,  horror. 

hortus,  i,  m.,  f/arden,  orchard,  park. 

Hostilianus,  i,  ni.,  see  Gallus. 

hostilis,  e  [hostis],  adj.,  hostile. 

Hostilius,  i,  m.,  Tullus  Hostilius,  the 
third  king  of  Rome,  ()72-G40  B.C. 
See  Mancinus. 

hostis,  is,  m.,  an  enemy,  foe. 

huiusmodi  [hie  f  modus],  adv.,  of 
thi.'<  (i.e.  the  following)  kind. 

humanus,  a,  um  [homo],  adj.,  hu- 
man; refined,  civilized;  humane. 

humerus,  i,  m.,  t/ie  shoulder. 

humiliter  [humus,  the  .r/ro?njd],adv., 
basely,  tneanly,  abjectly,  humbly. 


VOCABULARY 


r. 


I. 

laceo.  ere,  ui.  — ,  to  lie,  lie  dead. 
"^iacio,  ere,  ieei,  iaetus,  to  throw, 
cast,  hurl ;  throw  up,  construct. 

ad  — adieio,  ere,  ieei,  ieetus,  to 
throw  to,, din f/  ;  add. 

eon  — eonieio,  ieere.  conieei, 
eonieetus,  to  throw  together,  unite ; 
liurl.  throw :  conjecture. 

de  — deieio,  ieere,  ieei,  ieetus, 
to  throw  or  }iurl  down,  bring  down  ; 
lay  low,  dislodge,  destroy. 

ex  — eieio,  ieere,  ieei,  ieetus, 
to  cast  or  ^rive  out,  expel. 

inter  — interieio,  ieere.  ieei. 
ieetus,  to  throw  or  place  between, 
intt'rj)osr  ;  intprrenp  (in  pass.). 

ob  — obicio,  ieere,  ieei,  ieetus, 
to  throw  before,  put  in  the  way  of; 
put  in  the  hands  of ;  eypo.^e. 

sub— subicio,  ieere.  ieei.  iee- 
tus, to  throifi  or  place  under;  hand 
up;  pn'esent ;  snbdup. 

trans  —  traieio,  ieere,  ieei,  iee- 
tus, to  thi'ow  or  carry  acros.^,  trans- 
port ;  pierce,  penetrate,  transfix ;  go 
or  pass  over,  cross. 
iam.  adv.,  ??o?/-,  ulroady,  at  once. 
lanieulum,  i,  n.,  Janiculum,  a  liill 

on  the  west  bank  of  the  Tiber, 
lanus,  i,  m.,  Janus,  an  old  Latin  di- 
vinity, who   presided   over   the   be- 
irinnings  of  all   things;   e<unmonly 
represented  witli  two  faces, 
ibi.  adv.,  there;  thereupon,  then. 
ibidem  [ibi] ,  adv.,  ///  the  same  place, 

ju.'ft  there. 
ieo,  ere,  iei,  ictus,  to  strike,  sniite ; 
foedus  ieere,  to  strike  (conclude) 
a  treaty  (rnrt-). 
ictus,  us  [ieo],  m.,  a   blow,  stroke, 

icound. 
ideirco  [id-(-abl.  of  circus],  adv., 
on  that  account,  therefore. 


Idem,  eadem.  idem,  dcni.  pron.,  the 
same;  often  best  rendered  by  an 
a<lv.,  also,  too,  besides. 

idoneus,  a,  um,  adj.,  suitable,  ft ; 
capable. 

Idus,  uum,  pi.  f.,  the  Ides;  the  fif- 
teenth of  March,  May,  July,  and 
October,  and  the  thirteenth  of  other 
months. 

ig-itur,  adv.,  then,  t/mrefore,  accord- 
ingly. 

ignave  [ignavus],  adv.,  sluggishly, 
slothfully,  without  spirit. 

ig-navia.  ae  [ignavus],  f.,  idleness, 
sloth  ;  covxtrdice,  baseness. 

ignavus.  a,  um,  adj.,  inactive,  lazy, 
sloiliful;  cowardly,  dastardly. 

ignis,  is,  m.,  fre. 

ignobilis,  e  [in  +  (g)n6bilis,  adj., 
tmknowu,  unrenowned,  obscure; 
ba.<ie,  ignoble. 

ignobiliter  [ign6bihs].adv.,  meanly 

(late  Latin). 

ignominia,  ae  [in-|-  (g)nomen],  f., 
iHs'irnop.  dishonor,  ignominy . 

ignominiose  [ignominiosus,  d/.s- 
graceful],  adv.,  ignominiously,  dis- 
gracefully. 

ignoro.  are.  avi.  atus  [ignarus, 
ignorant],  to  be  ignorant,  not  to 
knojr,  overlook. 

ille,  ilia,  illud,  dem.  pron.,  that;  he, 
she,  if :  the  former. 

illie  [ille],  adv.,  there,  in  that  place. 

iimstris,  e,  adj.,  clear,  distinguished, 
glorious. 

illyricum.  i,  n.,  a  country  east  of 
the  Adriatic  Sea. 

illyrii,  orum.  pi.  m..  the  inhabitants 
of  Illyricum . 

imago,  inis,  f.,  likeness,  semblance, 
image  ;  stfttuc 

imitatio.  onis  [imitor],  f.,  a  copy- 
ing, imitation. 

imitor,  ari,  atus  sum,  to  imitate. 


198 


VOCAHrr.ARY 


♦ 


imnianis,  e,  adj.,  hniir,  inunpuap. 
immemor,  oris  [in  f  memor],  adj., 

II  mil  hid  till ,  ni  I'c/rss. 

immerito  [immeritus,  niidescrvcil], 

a<lv.,  mijustly,  (ijiilcscrvcdhj. 
immineo,  ere,  ui,  — ,  to  ovcr/iaur/, 

th  rente  II. 
immodicus,  a,  um   [in  h  modus],! 

adj.,     beifoinl     bonii'ls,     en  irnioiis,  i 

hiffJi  ;  excca.vvr.  \ 

immunitas,  atis  [in  +  munus,  hnr- 

<le)t],  L,  freedom  from  inihlic  duties, 

i mill  unity. 
impar,   paris  [in -f- par],   adj.,    un- 

pqaal. 
impatiens,     entis     [in-f  patiens], 

-.id}.,  inipiUient ;  Intolerant,  iinpetu- 

mis. 
impatientia,    ae    [impatiens],    1., 

i)nji<ifieii('c. 
impello,  soe  pello. 
imperator,  oris  [impero],  m.,  ri»n- 

inunder-in-chief,  f/oi.eral,  emperor. 
imperium.  i  [impero] ,  n.,  convnand, 

control,    (/over  lime  lit,   nnlitury  au- 

fJinrity  :  sorerrif/iify,  empire. 
impero,  are,  avi,  atus,  to  rule,  com- 
mand: order,  levy  :  to  he  emperor. 
impetro,  are,  avi,  atus,  to  procure, 

(lain;    accomplii^h,   bring  to  puf^s : 

succeed. 
impetus,    us    [in-fpeto],    ni.,    on 

nttiick  :  vioJpnve,  vehemence. 
impleo.  see  *ple6. 
impono.  see  pono. 
improbo,  are,  avi,  atus  [improbus], 

to  disprove,  bUnu",  censure;  reject. 
improbus,  a.  um  [in  +  probus.  up- 

riglif],  adj.,  wicked,  outrageous. 
improsper,   spera.   sperum    [in  -f 

prosperus,   fortunate],    adj.,    ?//*- 

fortunate,  unprosperom<. 
imprudens,    entis    [in  f-  prudens. 

foreseeing],    adj.,    not    foreseeing, 

imprudent,  of  guard. 


impudice  [impudicus,  shamrlf.ts], 
adv.,  iiii<;/tas(e/y. 

impulsor,  oris  [impello],  m..  one 
v'ho  incites,  instigator. 

in,  prep,  with  ace,  <»f  place,  info,  to, 
on,  upon,  tovmrds,  against;  of  pur- 
pose, y  or,  with  a  view  to;  of  other 
relations,  respecting,  according  to: 
in  dies,  diiy  tn/  day ;  with  ahl.,  of 
place,  in,  on.  upon,  in  the  midst  of, 
among;  of  time,  in,  in  the  course 
of,  during;  of  other  relations,  in 
the  midst  of,  in.  the  case  of,  respect- 
ing, according  to. 

incedo,  see  cedo. 

incendo,  ere,  cendi,  census  [in + 
cande5,  to  shinr],  to  spt  on  tire, 
burn  ;  evcitr. 

incido,  see  cado. 

incivilis,  e  [in  +  civilis],  adj..  ;w/»/r, 
II 11  civil . 

inclutus,  a,  um,  :\i\\.,  famous. 

incog-nitus.  a,  um  [in  +cognosc5], 
adj.,  uukiiovii. 

incolo,  see  colo. 

incolumis.  e.  adj..  saf'r.  unharmed. 

incommodus,  a,  um  [in  +  com- 
modus],adj.,  inconvenient,  unsuit- 
able, unfit. 

inconsulte  [inconsultus,  not  asked], 
adv.,  unadvisedly,  inconsiderately. 

incrementum,  i  [incresco,  to  in- 
crease], n.,  groieth,  increase. 

inde,  adv.,  /rowi  that  place,  thence; 
nejt,  then. 

Indi.  orum,  pi.  m.,  the  people  of 
India. 

India,  ae,  f..  India,  modern  Hindu- 
stan. 

indico,  see  dico. 

indigeo.  ere.  ui.  —  [in  +  egeo],  to 
be  poor,  to  harp  need  of,  vant. 

indiscretus.  a,  um  [in4- discerno, 
to  distinguish],  adj.,  iindistinguish- 
able  ;  rcithout  distinction  of  rank. 


VOCAlUL.Mn' 


199 


indo,  see  d5. 

indoles,  is,  f.,  nature,  disposition. 

induce,  see  duco. 

indulge©,  ere,  dulsi.  dultus,  to  be 

complaisant :   be   kind,  be  tender; 

yield,  grunt,  spare  ;  bestoic,  confer. 
industria,  ae,  f..  industry,  diligence  ; 

idii/ity . 
indutiae.  arum.  pi.  f.,  truce,  armis- 

(irr. 

iners,  ertis  [in  +  ars],  a<lj.,  unskill- 
ful, idle,  effeminate. 

infamis.  e  [in  4- fama].  adj.,  infa- 
mous. 

infantia,  ae  [in  f  for.  to  .npeak],  f., 
iiifani'ii. 

Infelicitas.  atis  [infelis,  unfortu- 
iiati'].  f.,  ill-luck,  misfortune. 

inferior,  ius  (ciuup.  of  inferus), 
adj.,  hncer,  inferior. 

infero.  see  fero. 

infesto.  are,  — ,  —  [infestus,  hos- 
tilp],  to  attack,  molest,  infest. 

Infidus,  a,  um  [in  i  fidus],  adj.,  not 
to  be  trustcil,  faithless,  treacherous, 

false. 

infinitus,  a.  um  [in-finio],  adj.. 
unbounded,  vast,  enormous;  num- 
berless; as  subst.,  Infinitum,  I,  n.. 
a  large  amount,  a  large  number. 

infring-o.  see  frango. 

ingenium,  i,  n.,  disposition,  ability, 
nature,  wit. 

ingens.  entis,  adj.,  large,  huge, great. 

Ingenuus,  i,  m.,  one  of  the  Thirty 
Tyrants:  defeated  and  slain  by 
( Jallieniis. 

ingluvies,  — ,  ace.  em,  abl.  e,  f..  the 
crop,  niair  :  gluttony. 

ingravesco,  ere,  — ,  — ,  to  be  burden- 
some, be  wearied :  increase,  grow 
worse. 

ingredior,  see  *gradior. 

ingruo.  ere,  ui.  — .  to  break  in  ;  as- 
sault in  force. 


inhonorus.  a,  um.  adj..  unsightly. 

inimicitia.  ae,  [inimicus,  un- 
friendly], f.,  enmity. 

initium.  i  'ineo],  n.,  a  beginning. 

iniucundus,  a,  um  [in  f  iucun- 
dus],  adj.,  unpleasant,  disagree- 
able. 

iniuria,  ae  [in -(-ius],  f.,  ivrong,  in- 

/usfire,  violence,  injury. 
iniuste  [iniustus],  adv.,  unjustly. 
iniustus,  a,  um  [in  -f  iustus],  adj., 

unjust. 
innoxius.  a,  um,  adj.,  harmless  ;  not 

guilty,  blameless,  innocent. 
innumerus.  a,  um  [in  -f  numerus], 

adj.,  countless. 

inopia,  ae  [inops,  needy],  i.,  want, 
scarcity,  poverty. 

inquino,  are,  avi,  atus,  to  stain,  de- 
lile :  dishonor. 

inritus,  a.  um  [in  +  ratus],  adj.,  un- 
decided, unsettled  :  void,  of  no  e  feet. 

inrumpo.  see  rumpo. 

insatiabilis,  e  [in  ^  satur,  full], 
adj..  II 11  sating,  not  cloi/ing. 

insectator,  oris.  ni..  a  persecutor. 

insequor,  see  sequor. 

insero,  see  ser5. 

insidiae,  arum  [insideo.  to  sit 
tijion].  pi.  f.,  anihush  :  treachery. 

insigne,  is  [Insignis],  n.,  a  sign, 
hiidge,  ornament . 

insignis,  e  [in^signum],  adj.,  re- 
markable,  di.'itingui.shed. 

insigniter  [insignis],  adv.,  remark- 
ably, e.rtraordinarily. 

insolens.  entis    [in-f  soleo].  adj., 

nniisu'il :   hiiughtii.  in.tolenf. 

insolentia,  ae  [Insolens],  f.,  unusu- 
aliie.^s;  haughtiness,  arrogance,  in- 
solence. 

insolentius  (eonip.  of  msolenter), 
adv.,  too  haui/htily.  insoh^ntly. 

Instituo.  see  *statuo. 

Insto.  see  8tQ. 


'">on 


VOCxVrVULARY 


instrumentum,  i  [instruo],  u.,  tool; 
collt'ctiveiy,  slock  of  tooU,  plant. 

instruo,  ere,  struxi,  structus  [in  + 
struo,  to  pile  wp],  to  build;  ar- 
range, draiv  up  or  array  (troops) ; 
ynake  ready,  equip,, fit  out. 

insula,  ae,  f.,  an  island. 

insulse  [insulsus,  'without  taste], 
adv.,  tastelessly,  insipidly;  fool- 
ishly, absurdly. 

insum,  see  sum. 

integer,  gra,  grum  [in  -f  root  tag 
in  tango],  adj.,  untouched,  new; 
full,  entire,  vigorous. 

inter,  prep,  with  ace,  of  place,  be- 
tween, among;  of  time,  during. 

Interamna,  ae,  f.,  a  town  in  I'nibria. 

intercede,  see  cedo. 

interea  [inter -|- is] ,  adv.,  in  the 
meantime,  meanwJiile. 

intereo.  see  eo. 

interfector,  oris  [interflcio],  m.,  a 
slayer,  murderer. 

interflcio,  see  facio. 

interim,  adv.,  meanwhile. 

interimo,  see  emo. 

intericio,  see  *iaci6. 

interior,  ius  [inter],  adj.,  comp.,  no 
positive,  sup.  intimus ;  inner,  in- 
terior. 

intermitt5.  see  mitto. 

internecio.  onis  [internecd,  to  de- 
stroy], f.,  slaug/iter,  utter  ruin. 

intersum,  see  sum. 

intervenio,  see  venio. 

intolerabilis,  e  [in  f  tolerabilis, 
supportable],  adj.,  wiendurable. 

intra,  adv.  and  prep,  with  ace,  inside 
(f,  w/thin,  during. 

intro,  are,  avi,atus  [intro,  witliin], 
to  enter. 

intueor,  see  tueor. 

inultus,  a,  um  [in -f  ulciscor,  (<> 
avenge],  adj.,  v)ithout  satisfaction, 
unavenged,  unpunished. 


inusitatus,  a,  um  [in  -j-  usitatus, 
usical],  adj.,  u)iusual,  unfamiliar, 
novel. 

invado,  see  *vad6. 

inveho,  see  veho. 

invenio,  see  venio. 

invicem  [in  +  vicem],  adv.,  by 
turns,  in  turn,  one  after  another, 
alternately. 

invictus,  a,  um  [in  j-vinc6],  adj., 
unconquerable,  inrincible. 

invideo,  see  video. 

invidia,  ae  [invideo],  f.,  envy,  ill- 
will. 

invisus,  a,  um  [invideo],  ad]., hate- 
ful, /losfilc,  troublesome. 

invito,  are,  avi,  atus,  to  invite,  su)n- 


hion . 


invitus,  a,  um,  adj.,  umvilling. 

invius,  a,  um  [in -f  via];  adj.,  im- 
passible. 

lovianus.  i,  m.,  (Flarius  Claudius) 
lovidnus,   Roman   emperor   3<)3-3()4 

A.D. 

ipse,  a,  um,  intensive  pron.,  himself, 
herself,  itself,  themselves ;  often  best 
rendered  by  very,  mere,  in  person, 
even,  actually. 

ira,  ae,  f.,  anger,  passion. 

iracundia,  ae  [iracundus,  irasci- 
ble], f.,  rt  proneness  to  anger, 
hasty  temper;  anger,  wrath,  pas- 
si  on. 

iratus,  a,  um  [irascor,  to  be  angry] , 
adj.,  angry. 

is,  ea.  id,  dem.  pron.,  this,  that;  he, 
she,  it ;  such. 

Isauri,  orum,  pi.  m.,  the  inhabitaiits 
if  [sduria. 

Isauria,  ae,  f.,  a  country  of  Asia 
Minor. 

Isauricus.  i,  adj.,  Isaut'ian,  a  sur- 
name of  P  Servilius  (Vatia),  who 
conquere<l  the  Isaurians. 

isium,  i,  n.,  the  temple  of  Isis. 


VOrABULAKV 


l; ' '  i 


ita  [is] ,  adv.,  in  thu  way,  so,  thus  ; 
as  follows,  in  such  a  way ;  accord- 
ingly, and  so. 

Italica,  ae,  f.,  a  city  in  Spain. 

Italicus,  a,  um,  adj.,  Italian. 

itaque  [ita  +  que],  adv.,  and  so, 
therefore,  consequently. 

item,  adv.,  likewise,  just  so,  also, 
moreover. 

iter,  itineris  [eo],  n.,  a  journey, 
march  ;  road,  higliv-ay. 

iterum,  adv.,  again,  once  more,  for 
the  second  time. 

Itiiraei,  orum,  pi.  m.,  the  inhabi- 
tants of  Itur^ea,  a  district  in  Coele- 
syria. 

luba.  ae,  m., 

1.  Kin^  of  Nuniidia,  defeated  by 
Caesar  in  the  battle  of  Thapsus,  4(1 

B.C. 

2.  Kintr  of  Mauretania. 

iubeo,  ere,  iussi,  iussus,  to  order, 
command. 

iucundus,  a,  um,  adj.,  pleasant; 
phasing, joyful,  dear. 

ladaea,  ae,  f .,  Judea,  a  part  of  Pales- 
tine. 

ludaei,  orum,  pi.  m.,  the  Jews. 

iudex.  icis,  [ias  +  dico] ,  m.,  a  judge. 

iudico.  are,  avi,  atus  [iudex],  to 
judge,  think,  be  of  the  opinion; 
pronouncp. 

iugerum.  i  [iungo],  n.,  a  measure  of 
land,  somewhat  more  than  half  an 
acre. 

iugis,  e  [iungo],  adj.,  joined  to- 
gether. 

iugulo,  are,  avi,  atus  [iugulum, 
neck],  to  cut  the  throat,  kill,  slay, 
murder. 

iugum,  i  [iungo],  n.,  ((  yoke;  ridge. 

lugurtha,  ae,  m.,  king  of  Numidia. 
See  Notes,  p.  13.1. 

lugurthinus,  a,  um,  i\<\}., pertaining 
to  lugurtha. 


lulia,  ae,  f.,  Ifilia  Mae.<ia,  wife  of  Ca- 

racalla. 
lulianus,  i,  m., 

1.  {Flavins    Claudiu.<<)    Kdidnus, 
Roman  emperor  ;iGl-;^>3  a.d. 

2.  Salvias  Ifiliiinus,    an   eminent 
Roman  jurist. 

3.  Salvius  irdinnus,   Roman    em- 
peror from  March  28  to  June  1,  1*.»3 

A.D. 

lulius,  i,  m.,  the  name  of  a  Rtjman 

gens.  •  See  Caesar  Libo. 
iungo,  ere,  iunxi,  iQnctus,  to  join 

together,  unite,  bind,  fasten,  yoke. 
ad—  adiungo,  ere.  iunxi,  lanc- 

tUS,  tojoiit  fo,  fasten  to,  add. 
con  — coniungo,     ere,     iunxi, 

iunctus,  to  fasten  together,  con- 

nert,form  by  a.<isociating. 
iunior,  see  iuvenis. 
lunius,  i,  m.,  the  name  of  a  Roman 

gens.      See    Brutus,    Pullus,    Si- 

lanus. 
luppiter.  lovis,  m.,  the  chief  god  of 

the    Latins.      He    was  originally  a 

personification  of  the  sky,  and  had 

control  of    the  thunder,  lightning, 

rain,  and  storms, 
iaro,  are,  avi,  atus,  to  take  an  oath, 

swear. 
con  —  coniuro.  are,  avi. atus,  to 

t<(ke  un  oath  together,  conspire,  plot. 
ias.iuris,  n.,  right,  justice,  authority; 

CO  urt . 
(iussus,  us)  [iubeo],  m.,  only  in  the 

abl.  sing,  iussu,  1>y  order  of,  com- 
mand. 
iustus,  a,  um  [iQs],  ndy.just,  fair, 
]      proper,  lilting  ,   regular. 
■  iuvenilis.  e  [iuvenis],  adj.,  youthful. 
iuvenis,  e, adj., comp.  iunior;  young. 
iuvo.  are,  iuvi,  iiltus,  to  help,  aid. 
'  iuxta,  adv.  and  prep,  with  ace,  near. 
luvontius,  i,  m.,  7*.  (.1/'.)  luventius 
1      {Thalma),  praetor  lOT  B.C. 


202 


VOCABULARY 


K:il  r.  Kalendae,  arum,  pi.  f.,  the 
Kalends,  tlie  first  day  of  the  mouth. 

Kiirrhag-iniensis.  e.  adj.,  Cartha- 
(/iitiu/i;  as  subst.,  Karthaginien- 
ses,  ium,  j»l.  m.,  the  Cartliagluians. 

Karthago,  inis,  f., 

1.  Ciirthiiye,  a  city  founded  by  the 
Phoenicians  on  tlie  noitliern  coast 
of  Africa;  destroyed  by  the  Romans 
U(;  v..r. 

2.  Karthu'io  Nova,  a  city  founded 
by  the  Carthaginians  on  the  eastern 
coast  of  Spain. 


L.,   abbreviation   of    the    praenomen 

Lucius. 
L.  =  50. 
labor,    oris,    m.,    labor,    toil;    )nts- 

/nrfltllP. 

laboriosus,  a,  um  [labor],  adj.,/^/// 

of  labor,  laborious,  toil.soine;  iveari- 

sotne,  (lijfirulf. 
laboro,  are,   avi,  atus   [labor],  to 

foil,    .strire ;     be     in    ditftress ;     be 

troubled. 
Lacedaemonil,   orum,   pi.   m.,   the 

Liicedaeuionianx,  the  inhabitants  of 

Lacedaemon  or  Sparta 
lacrima,  ae,  f.,  a  tear. 
lacrimabilis,  e  [lacrimo,  to  weep], 

adj.,  lamentable. 
laedo,  ere,  laesi,  laesus.  to  hart, 

injure. 
Laelianus,  i,  n».,  one  of  the  Thirty 

iyrants;  empert>r  in  (xaul  after  the 

death  of  Postumus. 
Laelius,  i,  m.,  C.  Laeliuii,  consul  HK) 

B.(  . 

laetitia,  ae  [laetus,  /o?//a/],  i.,joy, 
rejoiciny. 

laetor,  ari,  atus  sum  [laetus,  joy- 
ful], to  rejoice,  be  joyful,  be  ylad. 


Laevinus,  i,  ni.,  the  name  of  a 
Roman  family. 

1.  L.  Valerius  {Laevinus),  consul 
206  B.C. 

2.  M.   Valerius  Laevinus,   consul 
210  B.C. 

3.  P.    Valerius   Laevinus,   consul 
280  B.C. 

laevus,  a.  um,  adj.,  left;  as  subst., 
laeva.  ae,  f.,  the  left ;  in  laeva.  on 
the  left  side. 

Lamponius,  i,  m.,  a  leader  of  the 
Marian  party  in  the  V\\\l  war  be- 
tween Marl  us  and  Sulla. 

languor,  oris,  m.,  faintness,  feeble- 
ness, )re<irine.'<s. 

Larcius,  i,  m.,  T.  Larcius  (Flavus), 
the  tirst  dictator,  501  b.c. 

largior,  iri,  itus  sum,  to  give  freely, 
distribute  ;  bribe. 

largitio,  onis  [largior],  f.,  liberal- 
it  i/,  bribery. 

lascivia,  ae  [lascivus,  .sportive],  f., 
joint  If. 

late  [latus,  broad],  adv.,  broadly, 
widely;  <»/  all  sides,  far  and 
ivide. 

lateo,  ere.  ui,  — ,  to  lie  hid,  escape 
notice. 

Latine,  adv..  in  Latin. 

Latinus,  a,  um,  adj.,  Latin,  pertain- 
ing to  Latiuni ;  as  subst.,  Latini, 
orum,  pi.  m.,  tlte  Latins. 

latro,  onis,  m.,  a  robber,  brigand. 

latr5cinor,  ari.  —  [latro].  to  be  a 
robber,  commit  piracy. 

latus.  eris.  n.,  a  side :  fank. 

laudo,  are,  avi,  atus  [laus],  to 
praise,  connnend. 

laurea,  ae,  f.,  the  laurel  tree. 

laus,  laudis,  L,  praise,  fame,  glory  ; 
ability,  merit. 

lavacrum,  i  [lavo].  n.,  bath. 

lavo.  are,  lavi.  lautus,  to  trash, 
bathe. 


V(H  ABLLARY 


203 


laxo  are.  avi.  atus,  to  loose,  ."ipread 
init,  ri'Ia.!'. 

lecticula,     ae     [dim.     of     lectica, 
rom-h],  t'..  a  litter;   bier. 

lectio,  onis  [lego],  f.,  a  reading. 

legatio,  onis  [leg5J,  f.,  an  enibiis.><y. 

legatus,  i  [lego],  m.,  ayi  ambassador, 
hgate ;  lieutenant,  deputy. 

legio,  onis  [lego],  f.,  a  ler/ion. 

lego,  ere,  legi,   lectus,  to  gather, 
collect ;  select,  appoint,  c^ioose  ;  read. 
con  — conlego,  ere,   legi,  lec- 
tus, to  collect,  gather;  obtain,  get, 
acquire. 
dis  — diligq,  ere,  lexi,  lectus, 

to  aingle  out,  esteem,  lore,  prize. 

ex  — eligo,  ere,  legi,  lectus,  to 

jiirk  out,  choose,  select. 
lenitas,  atis  [lenis,  .so//],  f .,  .so/Yne.s.s, 

smoothness,  gentleness,  mildness. 
leniter    [lenis,    soft],    adv.,    softly, 

mildly,  lightly. 
Lentulus,  i,  m.,  the  name  of  a  Roman 

family. 

1.  {L.)  Cornelius  Lentulus,  cous\\\ 

275  B.C. 

2.  //.  Cornelius   Lentulus,  consul 
2o7  B.C. 

.3.  P.  Cornelius  Lentulus,  consul 

71    B.C. 

leo.  onis,  m.,  lion. 

Lepidus,  i,  m.,  3/".  Aemilius  Lepidus, 
a  member  of  the  Second  Triumvi- 
rate, consul  46  B.C. 

Leptis,  is.  f  ,  a  Phoenician  colony  in 
the  northern  part  of  Africa. 

levis,  e,  adj.,  light,  trivial,  easy. 

lex.  legis.  f..  a  law,  decree. 

libenter  [libens,  glad],  adv.,  gladly, 
cheerfully. 

liber,  era.  erum.  adj.,  free;  as 
subst.,  liberi.  orum,  pi.  m.,  chil- 
dren. 

liberalis.  e  [liber],  adj., //'ep-&or/i, 
noble :  liberal,  generous. 


liberalilas.  atis  [liberalisj.  f.,  gen- 

rrosif y,  kindness  ;   n  gift . 

libero,  are,  avi,  atus  [liber],  to  set 
free,  release. 

libertas,  atis  [liber],  f.,  freedom. 

libertinus,  i  [libertus],  adj.  u.sed 
as  subst.,  m.,  <(  manumitted  slave, 
freednian. 

libertus.  i  [liber],  m.,  a  freedmrni. 

libido,  inis  [libet,  ft  pleii.sr.<s],  f., 
pleamire  ;  lust,  wantonness,  passion . 

Libo.  onis,  m.,  L.  Iillins  L/V>o,  consul 
267  B.C. 

libra,  ae,  f .,  a  pair  of  .scales ;  a  pound. 

Liburnus.  a.  um,  adj.,  o/  or  l>elong- 
ingtothe Liburfiians,an  Illyriait  peo- 
ple livinji^  between  Histria  and  Dal- 
matia :  naves  Liburnae,  li^jht  j;al- 
leys  built  after  a  model  used  l)y  tfiem. 

Libya,  ae,  f.,  the  northern  part  of 
.\frica,  west  of  Ejrypt. 

Libyssa.  ae.  f.,  a  city  of  Bithynia  in 
Asia  Minor. 

licet,  licere,  licuit  or  licitum  est, 
impers.,  it  is  allowed ,  per  nt  it  fed . 

Licinius,  i,  m.,  the  name  of  a  Roman 
gens. 

1.  C.  Fabius  Licinius,  consul  273 

B.C. 

2.  (P.   Flavin.^)  Licinius.  Romnn 
emperor  ;'>07 -324  a.i>. 

See  Crassus,  Lucullus,  Vale- 

rianus. 
Ligures.  um,  pi.  m.,  the    people  of 

Liguria,  a  district  on   the  western 

coast  of  Italy. 
Lilybaeum,  i,  n.,  a  town  in  western 

Sicily. 
Lingones,  um,  (ir.  ace.  Lingonas, 

pi.  m.,  a  Celtic  people  of  Gaul. 
I  lis.  litis,  f.,  a  strife,  dispute,  quarrel ; 

a  suit,  action. 
littera.  ae,  f.,  a  letter  (of  the  alpha- 
bet) ;  pi.,  writing^  literature,  letters ; 

a  letter. 


204 


VOCABULARY 


litus,  oris,  n.,  «  shore  beach. 

Livius,  i,  in.,  the  name  of  a  Roman 
jjens.     See  Salinator. 

loco,  are.  avi,  atus  [locus],  to  place. 

con  — conloco,  are,  avi,  atus, 

to  place,  arranr/o,  station,  establish. 

locupletator,  oris  [locupleto,  to 
e/irich],  m.,  <(n  viivicher. 

locus,  i,  pi.  loci  and  loca,  m.,  a  placo, 
spot ;  room ;  position,  rank,  condi- 
tion. 

Lollius,  i,  m.,  M.  Lollius,  consul  21 

B.C. 

longre  [lonffus],  adv.,  at  a  distance, 
far,  by  far. 

Longinus,  i,  m., 

1.  V.  Cassins    Longlnus,    consul 
124  B.C. 

'2.  C.    Cassias   {Lonyinns),   mur- 
derer of  Caesar. 

longus,  a.  um,  adj.,  long,  tall;  dis- 
t((nt ;  tedious. 

lorica,  ae  [lorum,  «  strap],  f.,  a 
corselet  of  lentlipr,  a  coat  of  mail. 

Lorium,  i,  n.,  a  town  in  Etruria. 

Lucani,  orum,  pi.  m.,  the  inhabi- 
tants of  Liicania. 

Lucania,  ae,  f.,  a  district  in  southern 
Italy. 

Lucretia.ae,f.,thewifeofCollatinus. 

Lucretius,  i,  m..  the  name  of  a  Roman 
.icons.    See  Tricipitinus. 

luctus,  us  [lugeo],  m.,  grief,  sor- 
row, mourning. 

Lucullus,  i,  m.,  the  name  of  a  Roman 
family. 

1.  L.  Licinius  Lucidlus,  consul  74 

B.C. 

2.  M.  Licinius  Lucullus,  brother 
of  (1). 

lucus.  i,  m.,  a  sacred  grove,  grove. 
ludus,  i,  m.,  plag,    game ;  place  of 

training,  school. 
Lugdunum,  i,  n.,  a  city  in  Gaul,  now 

J^yons. 


lugeo.  ere,  luxi,  luctus,  to  mourn, 
b  ivail. 

Lusitani,  orum,  pi.  m.,  the  inhabi- 
tants of  Lusitiinia. 

Lusitania,  ae,  f.,  a  province  in  the 
southwest  of  Spain. 

Lutatius,  i,  m.,  the  name  of  a  Roman 
gens.    See  Catulus. 

luxuria,  ae,  [luxus,  excess],  f.,  lux- 
nnj,  extravagance 

Lycia,  ae,  f.,  a  division  of  Asia 
Minor, 

M. 

M.,  abbreviation  of  the  praenomen 
Marcus. 

M'.,  abbreviation  of  the  praenomen 
Manius. 

Macedo.  onis,  m.,  a  Macedonian. 

Macedonia,  ae,  f.,  an  extensive  coun- 
try north  of  Greece,  between  Thes- 
saly  and  Thrace. 

Macedonicus,  a,  um,  adj.,  Mace- 
donian ;  a  surname  of  Q.  Caecilius 
Metellus,wIio  conquered  Macedonia ; 
also  of  L.  Aemilius  Paulus. 

machinor,  ari,  atus  sum,  to  contrive 
ski/If  al/ff,  devise,  scheme,  plot. 

Macrinus,  i,  m.,  (M.)  Opilius  Macri- 
71US,  Roman  emperor  217-218  a.d. 

Madena,  ae,  f.,  a  part  of  Armenia. 

Maedi,  orum,  pi.  m.,  a  people  of 
Thrace. 

maeror,  oris,  m.,  mourning,  sad- 
ness, grief,  sorroio,  lamentation. 

magis,  adv.,  comp.,  more,  rather; 
eo  magis,  all  the  more;  sup., 
maxime,  greatly,  chiefly,  exceed- 
ingly. 
magister,  tri,  m..  a  master,  ruler, 
teacher;  magister  equitum,  mas- 
ter of  the  horse,  aid-de-camp  of  the 
dictator. 
Mag-nentianus,  a  um,  adj.,  belong- 
ing to  or  pertaining  to  Mdgnentius. 


VOCABUL.\HY 


205 


Magnentius,  i,  m.,  Roman  emperor. 

Magnesia,  ae,  f.,  a  city  of  Asia 
Minor  near  Mount  Sipylns  in  Lydia. 

magniflcentissime  [magniflcus] , 
adv.,  sup.  of  magnifice  ;  splendidly, 
very  magnificently. 

magniflcus,  a,  um  [magnus + 
facio],  adj.,  sup.  magniflcentis- 
simus  ;  splendid,  mag niflc*'nt, noble. 

magnitudo,  inis  [magnus] ,  [.,mag- 
nifudp,  greatness,  size. 

magnus,  a,  um,  adj.,  comp.  maior, 
sup.  maximus ;  great,  large,  abun- 
dant, powerful. 

Mago.  onis,  m.,  the  brother  of  Han- 
tiihal,  captured  by  Scipio  in  Spain. 

maiestas,  atis  [maior j,  f.,  grcat- 
??r.s,s,  (/randenr,  dignity,  majesty. 

maior,  see  magnus. 

Mains,  i.  m.,  the  month  of  May;  usu- 
ally as  adj..  Mains,  a,  um,  agree- 
ing with  mensis,  Kalendae,  Ndnae, 

Idi'o'. 
male   [malus].   adv.,  comp.  peius, 

sup.   pessime ;   badly,  ill,   unhap- 

p i ly,  uw^uc cessfully . 
malo,  see  volo, 
malus,   a.   um,  adj.,  comp.   peior, 

sup.  pessimus:  bad,  evil,  hurtful ; 

as  subst.,  malum, i.  n.,  misfortune. 
Mamaea,    ae,  f.,  (rfilia)    Mamaea, 

mother  of  Alexander  Severus. 
Mancinus,  i.  m.,  C.  Hostilius  Manci- 

lius.  consul  I'M  B.C. 
mando,  are,  avi,  atus  [manus  + 

do],  to  commission,  command,  setid 

word. 
con  -commends,     are,     avi, 

atus,  to  commend  or  commit  for 
protection,  infmsf,  roromutPtid. 

re  —  remando,  are,  avi,  atus,  to 
semi  back  word  (very  rare), 
maneo,  ere,    mansi.    mansus,    to 
stay,  continue,  abide  by. 


per  —  permaneo,    ere,  mansi, 
mansurus,  ^»  mntinae,  ren\ain. 

re  — remaneo,  ere,  mansi,  to 
remain  behind. 
Manllius,  i,  m.,  M.  Manillus,  consul 

149  B.C. 
Manlius.  i,  m., 

1.  A.  Mdnlius,  consul  241  B.C. 

2.  M.  Mdnlius,  consul  105  B.r. 
See     Censorinus.    Torquatus, 

Vulso. 
mansuetudo,     inis     [mansuetus, 

tame],  f.,  mildne.<is,  gentleness. 
manumitto,     ere.     misi.    missus 

[manus  +  mitto],     to     set    free, 

emanci}>ate ;  enfranchise. 
manus,    us,   f.,   hand,   arm ;    band, 

troop  :  force  :  combat ;  manus  con- 

seTere,tojoin  battle ;  dare  manus, 
i      to  yield. 
Marcellus,    i,    m.,  the    name    of  a 

famous  Roman  family. 

1.  M.  Claudius  Marcellus,  conaul 
222  B.C. 

2.  {M.)  Claudius  Marcellus,  con- 
sul l»i<l  B.C. 

3.  (M.)  Claudius  Marcellus,  con- 
sul 51  B.C. 

Marcius,  i,  m., 

1 .  Ancus  Mdrcius,  the  fourth  king 
of  Rome,  (UO-CIG  b.<'. 

2.  C.  Mdrcius,  consul  310  B.C. 

3.  Q.  Mdrcius,  surnamed    Corio- 

lanus. 
See  Coriolanus. 

Marcomannicus,  a,  um,  adj  ,  be- 
longing or  pertaining  to  the  Mar- 
cot  nannt. 

Marcomedi,  orum,  pi.  ni.,  a  people 

of  \v«'stern  Asia. 
i  Mardi,   orum,   pi.    m.,   a  powerful, 
warlike     people     that     dwelt     on 
the  southern  shore  of  the  Caspian 

sea 
!  mare,  is.  n.,  the  sea. 


200 


vocabulauv 


a    town    ill 


I'pper 


Marg-um,   i,   u. 
Moesia. 

Marianus,  a.  urn,  adj.,  belonging  or 
pei'(uh>i)ig  to  Marias. 

maritimus,    a,    um    [mare],  adj., 
nairihi^,  maritime,  on  the  seashore. 

maritus,  i  [mas,  male],  ni.,  a  hus- 
band. 

Marius,  i,  m.,  the  name  of  a  family 
at  Koine. 

1.  C.  Marius,  seven  times  consul, 
leader  of  the  democratic  party  in 
the  Civil  war  between  him  and  Sulla. 
See  Xote.s,  p.  137. 

2.  C.  Marius,  sou  of  (1).  Consul 
82  B.C. 

3.  M.  Aurelius  Marius,  one  of  the 
Thirty  Tyrants. 

Mars,  Martis,  m.,  the  Roman  god  of 

war. 


Marsi,   orum,  pi.  ni.,  a   hrave  and 
warlike  .Sabellian  people,  who  dwelt 
in  the  mountains  of  central  Italy. 
Martius,  a,  um,  adj.,  pertaining  to 

Mars. 
Martius,  i,  m.,  the  month  of  March : 
usually  used  as  an  adj.,  Martius, 
a,  um,  agreeing  with  jnfnsis,  Kal- 
endac,  Nona.p,  hh'is. 
Masinissa,  ae,  m.,  a  king  of  Nu- 
midia,  an  ally  of  the  Romans.  i 

Massilia,ae,  f..  a  city  in  Gaul,  modern  \ 

Marseilles. 
mater,  tris,  f  ,  mother. 
maternus,  a,  um  [mater],  adj.,  of 
a   mother,   mother'.^ ;  maternal,  on 
the  mother's  sido. 
matrimonium,  i  [mater],  n.,  mar- 
riage: pi.  wives. 
matrona,  ae  [mater],  f.,  «  matron,  \ 
woman. 

Mauretania,  ae.  f.,  a  district  on  the  ' 
northwestern  coast   of  Africa,  em- 
bracing parts  of  modern   Morocco 
and  Algiers. 


Maxentius,  i,  m.  (3/.  Aurelius  Va- 
lerius)  Mu.rentius,  Roman  emperor 
3(M)-312  A.D. 

maxime,  see  magis. 

Maximianus,  i,  ni., 

1.  Gdlerius  (  Valerius)  Maximia- 
nus, Roman  emperor,  305-311  a.d. 

2.  (M.  Aurelius  Valerius)  Maxi- 
mianus, surnamed  Herculins,  Ro- 
man emperor  28(^-305  a.d. 

Maximinus,  i,  m., 

1.  (C.  Julius  Verus)  Mftximinus, 
Roman  emperor  23o-2:>8  a.d. 

2.  Gdlerius  (Valerius)  M(7ximi- 
)ni.^,  Roman  emperor  ;)0r)-314  a.d. 

Maximus,  i,  ni., 

1.  Q.  Fablus  Maximus,  consul  six 
times. 

2.  Q.  Fabius  Maximus,  defeated 
by  the  Samnites  2*)2  b.c. 

3.  Q.  Fabius  Maximus  {Cunctd- 
tor),  five  times  consul. 

maximus,  see  mag-nus. 

Mazaca,  ae,  f.,  a  city  in  Cappadocia, 

later  called  Caesarea  ad  Argue  um 

from  Mount  Argaeus  upon  which  it 

stood. 

medicus.  i  [medeor.  to  heal],  m.,  a 

})}ujfiician,  surgeon. 
medie  [medius],  adv.,  in  the  middle, 

mailoratchi,  (olerabhf. 
medietas,    atis    [medius],    f.,  the 

middle,  place  in  the  middle,  midst. 
mediocris.  ere  [medius],  adj.,  com- 
mon, moderate,  mediocre. 
Mediolanum,  I.  n  ,  a  city  in  Cisal- 
pine (tuuI,  modern  Milan, 
medius,  a,  um,  adj.,  in  the  middle, 
middle,  viidst   of;    as  subst.,   me- 
dium, i,  n.,  middle,  midst,  space  be- 
tween. 
melior,  see  bonus, 
melius,  .see  bene. 

Memmius,  i,  m..  L    Memmius,  con- 
sul 151  n.c. 


VOCABr 


MIX 


memorabilis,  e  [memoro.  to  bring 
to  mind],  adj.,  worth  telling,  re- 
markable. 

memoria,  ae  [memor,  mi)id/ul],  f., 
iio-mon/ ;  report,  record,  time,  age. 

mens,  mentis,  f.,  the  miml;  disposi- 
tion; 7'easo}). 

mensis,  is.  m.,  a  month. 

mentio,  onis,  f.,  mention. 

mentum,  i,  n.,  the  chi)i. 

mereo,  ere,  ui,  itus,  to  get,  earn, 
deserve  :  serre. 

mergo,  ere,  mersi,  mersus,  to  dip, 
plunge,  ,^iuk. 

de  — demerge,  ere.  mersi, 
mersus,  to  sink. 

merito  [meritum,  desert],  adv.,  de- 
.'iercedlg,justlii. 

Mesopotamia,  ae,  f.,  Mesopotamia, 
a  division  of  Asia  between  the  Eu- 
phrates and  Tigris  rivers. 

Messala.  ae,  m.,  M.  (.!/'.)  Valerius 
(Messdla).  consul  2<I3  b.c. 

Messenii,  orum,  pi.  m.,  the  inhabi- 
tants of  Messene,  an  island  in  the 
Tigris  river. 

-met,  an   intensive  enclitic  particle, 

self. 

Metellus.  i,  m.,  the  name  of  a  promi- 
nent family  at  Home. 

1.  C.  Caecilius  Metellus,  consul 
113  B  c. 

2.  L.  Caecilius  Metellus,  consul 
251  B.C. 

3.  L.  Caecilius  Metellus,  consul 
123  B.C. 

4.  {Q.  Caeciliu.'i)  Metellus  Mace- 
don  icus,  consul  143  B.C. 

5.  Q.  C<tecilius  Metellus  (Numidi- 
cus),  consul  109  n  c. 

().  Q.  Caecilius  Metellus  Creticus, 
consul  OU  B.C. 

7.  //.  (Caecilius)  Metellus,  carried 
on  war  against  Mithradates. 

H.  M.  (Caecilius)  Metellus. 


metus.  lis,  \n.,fear,  dread. 
Micipsa,  ae,  m.,   king  of  Numidia, 
the  eldest  of  the  sons  of  Masinissa. 
migro,  are,  avi,  atus.  to  migrate, 

reniori' . 

miles,  itis,  m.  and  f.,  a  soldier. 

mlliarium,  i,  n.,  a  milestone,  mile. 

militaris,  e  [miles],  adj.,  military: 
as  sub.st.,  «  .soldier:  res  militaris. 
the  art  of  war,  military  operations. 

militia,  ae  [miles],  f..  military  ser- 
vice. 

milito,  are,  avi,  atus  [miles],  to  be 
a  soldier,  wage  war. 

mille,  indecl.  num.  adj.,  a  thousand; 
as  subst.  with  pari,  gen.,  milia,  um, 
1)1.  n.,  thousand,  thousands. 

millesimus.  a,  um  [mille],  num. 
adj..  thi>ns((udt]i. 

minax,  acis  [minor,  to  threaten], 
adj..  threatening. 

minime,  see  parum. 

minimus,  see  parvus. 

miinister,  tri,  m.,  an  attendant,  ser- 
vant. 

minor,  us,  see  parvus. 

Minucius,  i,m..  the  name  of  a  Roman 
gens.     See  Rufus. 

minuo,  ere,  i,  utus  [minus],  to  )i>akc 
.small,  diminish,  reduce 
de  — deminuo,  ere,  i,  utus.  to 
I      make  snmller,  le.^isen.  diminish. 

minus,  adv.,  see  parum. 

mirabilis.  e  [miror],  adj.,  wonderful. 
I  miror,  ari,  atus  sum,  to  iconder  at, 

be  astonished. 
'         ad— admiror.  ari.  atus  sum. 
i      to  iconder  at,  admire. 

Mithradates,  is,  m  ,  surnamed  the 
Great,  kin^  of  Pontus  12(m;;!  b.c. 

Mithradaticus,  a.  um,  adj.,  per- 
taining to  Mithradates. 

mitis,  e,  adj.,  mild,  kind,  placid. 

mitto.  ere.  misi.  missus,  to  soid, 
1     dispatch  ,  throw,  shoot ;  let  go. 


208 


VOCABULARY 


ab  —  amitto,  ere,  mici,  missus, 
to  send  aiimy,  lose ;  dismiss. 

ad  —  admitto,  ere,  misi,  missus, 
to  permit,  admit,  c/ive  audience  to. 

con  — committo,  ere,  misi, 
missus,  to  send  or  brinr/  together, 
join:  intrnst  connnif,  hrinrj  ahoiit, 
canae,  allovj :  pugnam  or  proe- 
lium  committere.  io  hvgin  battle. 
dis-  dimitto,  ere,  misi,  mis- 
sus, to  send  aioay,  dismiss;  give 
up,  abandon. 

inter  —  intermitto.  ere,  misi, 
missus,  to  send  between,  interpose, 
interrupt:  stop,  cease. 

per  —  permitto,  ere,  misi,  mis- 
sus, to  let  pass:  permit,  allow. 

praeter— praetermitto,  ere, 
misi,  missus,  to  permit  to  go  by, 
let  pass,  let  go  :  omit,  neglect. 

pro  —  promitto,  ere,  misi,  mis- 
sus, to  put  forward;  promise, 
assure. 

re  — remitto,  ere,   misi,    mis- 
sus, to  send  back,  relax ;  abate. 
moderate  [moderatus],  adv.,  sup. 
moderatissime ;  with  moderation, 
vi'uh'ratc  ij . 
moderatio,    onis     [moderor],    f., 

)i)i>dprafio)},  se//-ro))tr()l. 
moderator,  oris  [moderor],  m.,  a 

manager,  governor,  director. 
moderatus,  a,  um  [moderor],  adj., 

self-control  led,  temperate,  modest. 
moderor,  ari.  atus  sum  [modus], 
^>    .v('/    bounds    to,   check,   restrict, 
regulate. 
modestia,  ae  [modestus],  f.,  mod- 
eration; shame,  modesty;  sense  of 
honor,  dignity. 
modestus.   a.   um   [modus],  adj., 
keeping    due    measure,   moderate, 
7nodest,  temperate. 
modicus,    a,    um    [modus],   adj., 
suiall,  moderate. 


modius,  i  [modus],  m.,  a  measure, 
peck. 

modo  [modus],  adv.,  only;  Just 
now,  lately  ;  modo  .  .  .  modo,  at 
one  time  .  .  .  at  another,  noic  .  .  . 
now;  non  modo  .  .  .  sed  etiam, 
not  only  .  .  .  but  also. 

modus,  i,  m.,  measure,  limit,  end; 
^''(ly,  manner. 

Moesia,  ae,  f.,  the  modern  Bulgaria 
and  Servia,  divided  into  Moesia 
Superior  and  Inferior  ;  hence  the  pi., 
Moesiae. 

Mogontiacum,  i.  n.,  a  city  in  Belgic 
(laul,  modern  Mainz. 

molestus,  a,  um  [moles,  mass], 
adj.,  troublesome,  annoying,  vexa- 
tious. 

molior,  iri,  itus  sum  [moles,  mass], 
to  struggle,  toil ;  undertake,  attempt. 
mollis,  e,  adj.,  goitle,  smooth;  yield- 
ing. 
moneo,  ere,  ui,  itus,  to  advise,  warn, 

remind. 
monetarius,  i  [moneta,  mint],  m., 

a  minter,  coiner. 
mons,  montis,  m.,  a  mountain,  hill, 

height. 
monumentum,    i    [moneo],  n.,  a 

monum'ut,  record;  i  >mb. 
moratus,  a,  um  [mos],  adj.,  man- 
nered, of  morals,  comtitated ;  char- 
acteristic. 
morbus,  i,  m.,  sickness,  disease. 
morior,  mori,  mortuus  sum,  to  die. 
moror,  ari,  atus  sum  [mora,  delay], 

to  delay,  waif. 
mors,  mortis  [morior],  f.,  death. 
mos,  moris,  m.,   «   custom,  habit; 
manner,    fashion;     pi.,     customs, 
character. 
motus,  us  [moveo],  m.,  motion,  dis- 
turbance, revolt. 
moveo,  ere,  movi,  motus,  to  move, 
remove ;  influence,  excite. 


VOCABULAllY 


209 


con  — commoveo,  ere,  movi, 
motus,  to  arouse,  disturb,  move, 
influence. 

re  —  removeo,  ere,  m5vi,  mo- 
tus, to  remove,  put  aside,  dismiss, 
V)ithdrau\ 

sub  — submoveo,  ere,  movi, 
motus,  to  drive  of,  dislodge. 

mox,  adv.,  soon,  directly,  then. 

Mucins,  i,  m.,  see  Scaevola. 

muliebris,  e  [mulier,  a  woman], 
ml].,  pertaining  to  a  woman,  woman- 
like. 

multitudo,  inis  [multus],  f.,  (/  mul- 
titude. 

mult5,  are,  avi,  atus  [multa,  <( 
flne],  to  flue,  deprive ;  punish ,  con- 
demn. 

multo  [multus],  adv.,  by  far,  much. 

multus,  a,  um,  adj.,  comp.  plus, 
sup.  plU-rimus;  much,  many  a; 
pi.,  many. 

Mulvius,  a,  um.  adj.,  Mulvian: 
Mulvius  pons,  the  Mulvian  hridge, 
about  two  miles  north  of  Rome. 

Mummius.  i.  m.,  L.  Mununiu.'i,  the 
conqueror  of    Corinth ;    consul   14G 

V..C. 

Munda,  ae,  f .,  a  Roman  colony  in  the 
.^outh  of  Spain,  where  a  battle  was 
fought  in  45  b.(  .  between  Caesar  and 
the  Pompeians. 

munio.  ire,  ivi  (il),  itus  [moenia, 
walls],  to  fortify,  secure,  guard. 

miinus.  eris,  n.,  duty,  service;  pres- 
ent, gift. 

Miirena,  ae.  m.,  L.  (Licinius)  Mh- 
rfuii,  consul  (52  B.C. 

murrinus,  a,  um,  adj.,  of  or  belong- 
ing to  the  stone  murra,  murine. 

Mursa,  ae,  f.,  a  town  in  Pannonia. 

murus.  i,  m.,  a  wall. 

Mus,  Muris,  m.,(P.)  Decius Mus,cou- 
sul  27'. •  n.c. 

muto,  are,  avi.  atus.  (<>  change. 

ll-iVZ.    Kl  TKOl'ILS  —  14 


N. 

Nabis.  idis,  m.,  tyrant  of  Sparta. 

nactus,  sec  nanciscor. 

nam,  con j., /or,  but. 

nanciscor,  i,  nactus  sum.  to  get, 

(>ht>'i  II . 

Narbo,  onis,  m.,  a  city  in  the  south- 
ern part  of  Gaul. 

narratio,  onis  [narro,  to  tell],  f.,  a 
relating,  iiarrative. 

Narseus,  i,  m.,  king  of  Persia,  294- 
;•»<•;?  A.D. 

Nasica,  s<'e  Scipio. 

nascor,  i,  natus  sum,  to  be  born; 
spring  from,  arise. 

natio,  onis  [nascor],  f.,  nation,  tribe, 
people. 

natura,  ae  [natus],  i.,  nature,  dis- 
jiosition  ;  .'<ituati'>ii. 

natus,  a,  um  [nascor].  a<lj..  lit. 
born  ;  with  annos  and  numerals, 
old. 

naufragium.  i  [navis  +  frango], 
n.,  .*ihipwreck,  ruin. 

navalis.  e  [navis],  adj.,  naval. 

navigatio,  6nis  [navigo],  f.,  a  voy- 
ogp  :  narigoti'm . 

navigo,  are.  avi,  atus  [navis + 
ago],  to  ."ioil,  navigate. 

navis,  is,  f.,  ship,  vessel;  navis 
longa.  war  ship,  galley:  navis 
oneraria,  transport. 

ne.  1,  adv.,  not:  ne  .  .  .  quidem, 
not  even,  not  at  all;  2,  conj.,  in 
order  that  not,  lest,  not  to,  for  fear 
that. 

ne,  enclitic  interrog.  particle,  used 
(1)  in  direct  questions,  and  then 
translatable  only  by  the  intlection 
of  the  voice;  (2),  as  conj.  with  in- 
direct (jucstions,  whether. 

nee,  see  neque. 

necessarius,  a,  um  [necesse,  neces- 
sary],  adj.,  neces.sary,   indispcnsa- 


I 


210 


VOCABULARY 


hie ;  as  subst.,  an  intimate  friend, 

relative. 
necessittido,  inis  [necesse,  7ieces- 

''oiri/],  i., fri'udxhqi,  /iitiniaci/. 
negligenter  [neg-legens,  heedless], 

adv.,  heedlessly,    earelessly,   neyli- 

(lently. 
nego,  are,  avi,  atus,  to  say  no,  deny, 

refns!'. 
neg-otium,  i  [nee  +  otium],  n.,  husi- 

iie^'s  ;  toil,  hdji>r,  trouble. 
nemo,  inis  fne  +  homo],  m.  and  f., 

})o  one. 
Nepotianus,  i,  m .  (Flavins  Popilins) , 

Nepotidmis,  Roman  emperor  for  28 

days  in  .'ioO  a.d. 
nepos,  Otis,  m.,  cpruuhon;  nephew 

(late):  pi.,  descendants. 
nequaquam  [ne  +  quaquam,  any- 

ichere],    adv.,    not    at    all,    by    no 

means. 
neque  or  nee  [ne  +  quej,  adv.  and 

von]., and  not,  but  not,  nor,  nor  yet; 

neque    (nee)  .  .  .  neque    (nee), 

neither  .  .  .  nor. 
Nero,  onis,  m., 

1.  Nerd  {(Jhualias  t'lpsar  ])ru<us 
Genndnicns),  Roman  emperor  54- 

68  A.D. 

2.  Appius  Claudius  Xerd,  consul 
207  B.C. 

XorSnianus.  a,  Mm,3id].,helon<jing 
or  pertaiiiiny  to  Nero;  Neronianae 
f'lermae. 

Nerva,  ae.  m.  (J/.  Cocceins),  Xerva, 
Roman  emperor  VXI-OS  v.n. 

neuter,  tra,  trum  [ne  +  uter], 
pron.,  neither  (of  two). 

nex.  necis.  t, death  ;  murder,  slaugh- 
ter. 

NIeomedenses,  ium,  pi.  m.,  thein- 
hab'tonts  of  Xlcomedia. 

Nicomedia,  ae,  f.,  the  capital  city 
of  Bithynia  in  Asia  Minor. 

Nicomedis,  is,  m., 


1.  Surnamed  Epi plumes,  king  of 
Bithynia,  149-!>1  B.C. 

2.  Surnamed  Philopator,  kinj^  of 
Bithynia,  91-74  B.C. 

Niger,  gri,  m.  (C.)  Pescennins  Xiger, 

Roman  emperor  1<);)-194  a.d. 
nihil  [ne  +  hilum,  a  ^/v^fe],  n.,  indecl., 

nothing,  )n>t  at  all. 
Nilus,  i,  m.,  the  river  Nile. 
nimietas,   atis   [nimius],   f.,  a  too 

great  number  or  quantity;  super- 

fuity,  excess. 
nimis,   adv.,  too  luuch,   very,  exces- 

sirely. 
nimius,    a,    um    [nimisj,   adj.,   too 

)nuch,  too  great,  excessive. 
nisi  [ne  +  si],  couj.,  if  not,  unless, 

exrppt. 
Nisibis,  is,  f.,  a  city  in  Mesopotamia, 
nitor,  i,   nisus  or  nixus    sum.   to 

strive,  aft' nipt  ■  rely  upon. 
ad— adnitor,  i,  nisus  or  nixus 

sum,    to    lean    against    or    upon  ; 

strive. 
Nobilior,     oris,    m.,    a    celebrated 

Roman   family. 

1.  M.  Fulvius  (Xobilior),  consul 
189  B.C. 

2.  Ser.   Fulvius  Xobilior,  consul 
255  B.C. 

nobilis,  e  [n5sc6],  adj.,  noted,  nota- 
ble ;  renowned,  noble. 

nobilitas.  atis  [nobilis],  f.,  rcnoicn, 
n  ability  ;  the  nn'ilps. 

nobiliter  [nobilis],  adv.,  famously, 
exroUontly,  ,^ph';-(Iidhi .  nobly. 

noeturnus,  a,  um  [noxj,  adj.,  by 
night,  nocturnal. 

Nola,  ae,  f.,  a  city  in  Campania  in 
Italy. 

nolo,  see  volo. 

nomen,  inis  [nosco],  n.,  a  name; 
(O'covnt ;  pretense;  authority. 

Nomentanus,  a,  um,  adj., pertain- 
ing to  Xomentum,  a  Sabine  city. 


VOCAlU'LAi; 


-11 


nomino,   are,   avi,  atus  [nomen], 

to  name,  call,  mention. 
non,  adv.,  not,  no. 
Nonae,  arum.  pi.  f.,  the  Xones,  the 

seventh  of  March,  May,  July,  and 

October,    and    the    tifth    of    other 

months, 
nonagesimus,  a,  um  [nonaginta], 

num.  adj.,  ninetieth. 
nonaginta,  indecl.  num.  adj.,  ninety. 
nonnullus,  a,  um   [non  +  nullus]. 

adj.,  so)ne,  sPvpraJ. 
nonus,  a,  vim  [novem].  num.  adj., 

ninth . 
Norbanus,  i,  m.  (C)  Xorbdnus,  con- 
sul 83  B.C. 
Noricum.  i,  n.,   a   Roman   province 

south  of  the  Danub(\ 
nosco,  ere.  novi.  notus,  to  come  to 

knoiv,  become  acquainted  with:  in 

perf.  systimi.  to  I- non-. 
ad  — agnosco,  ere,  gnovi,  gni- 

tus,  to  recognize. 
con  —  eognosco,  ere,  eognovi. 

cognitus,  to  learn,  perceive,  under- 
stand. 
re  +  con  —  recognoseo,      ere, 

gnovi.  gnitus,  to  n-coll,  recogiiize. 
noster,  tra,  trum  [nos],  adj.,  our, 

our  own. 
notabilis,   e    [noto,  to  mark],  adj.,  j 

noteworthy,  con.yjicuous,  notable. 
notus,   a,    um    [nosco],  adj.,  well 

kmnrn,  familiar. 
novem,  num.  adj.,  nine. 
noverea,  ae,  f.,  stepmother. 
novus,  a,  um, ad'}.,  fresh,  new,  young, 

recent :  novae  res,  a  revolution. 
nox.  noetis,  f.,  nir/ht. 
niibo.  ere.   nupsi.   nuptus,  to  veil 

o//r'.s-  so/f,  niiirry. 
nudo,  are,   avi,   atus   [nudus],  to 

iiKike  bare,  strip,  crpose. 
nudus.  a,  um,  a<lj..  nukf'd,  bare. 
nullus,   a,   um    [ne  -r  ullus]    (gen. 


nullius,  dat.  nuUi),  adj.,  7io7ie,  no ; 

as  subst.,  no  one. 
Numa,  ae,  m.,  see  Pompilius. 
Numantia.  ae,  f.,  a  city  in  Spain. 
Numantini,  orum,  pi.   m.,  th''  i/i- 

hobit(i/i(s  (f  Xuinantia. 
numen,  inis  [nuo,   to    nod],  n.,  (( 

divinity,  power. 
numer6sus,a,  um  [numerus],adj., 

in  fall  numbers,  numerous,   vumi- 

fold. 
Numerianus,  i,  m.,  the  younger  of 

tlic  i\vo  sons  of  the  emperor  Cams, 
numerus,  i,  m.,    nu)nber,  account, 

character,  rank. 
Nximidae,  arum,  pi.  m.,  the  Xunii- 

diuns. 
Numidia.  ae,  f.,  a  country  of  north- 
ern Africa,  west  of  Carthage, 
nummus,  i,  m.,  money;  coin:  ses- 
terce (=  4.1  cents). 
numquam    [ne  fumquam],  adv., 

never. 
nunc,  adv.,  at  the  present  moment, 

n(nt\ 
nuncupo.  are,  avi,  atus  [nomen 

-4-  capio],  to  r<dl,  c(t/l  by  nonu'. 
nuntio,  are,  avi,   atus   [nuntius], 

to  tell,  announce,  report. 
de  —  deniintio,  are,  avi,  atus,  to 

announce,  denounce,  order,  threaten. 
pro  — pronlintio,      are,      avi, 

atus,  to  tell,  declare,  recite,  appoint. 
nuntius,  i,  m.,  a  messenger ;  message 
nusquam  [ne  f  usquam] ,  adv.,  710- 

U'lurc.  ill  no  place. 
nuto,  are.  avi.  atus,  to  nod;  waver, 

be  ready  to  give  way. 


O. 


ob,  prep,  with  ace,  to,  towards;  for 

ou  account  (f,  by  reason  of. 
obeo.  .see  eo. 
obicio,  see  *iaci6. 


o^  o 


vor  MU'LAPvY 


obitus,  us  [obeo],  m.,  destruction, 

oboedio,  see  audio.  {death. 

obscene  [obscenus,  Ul-o)nened] , 
adv.,  sup.  obscenissime ;  immod- 
estly, indecent  I  If. 

obscenitas,  atis  [obscenus,  ill- 
omened],  f.,  moral  impurity,  foul- 
ness, unchasfity,  lewdness, obscenity . 

obscure  [obscurus],  adv.,  comp. 
obscurius,  sup.  obscurissime ; 
<)hsc}irely. 

obscurus,  a,  um,  adj., dark, obscure; 
if/noble,  mean,  loiv. 

obsecro,  see  *sacro. 

obsequor,  see  sequor, 

obses.  idis  [obsideoj,  m.  and  f.,  a 
lioattnie. 

obsideo,  see  sedeo. 

obsidio,  onis  [obside5],  f,,  a  fiier/i\ 

obtempero,  are,  avi,  atus  [tem- 
pero,  to  so/ten],  to  submit. 

obtineo,  see  teneo. 

obvius,  a,  urn  [ob-f  via],  adj.,  in 
the  icay,  meeting/ ;  with  esse,  fieri, 
or  venire,  to  mpvt. 

occasio,  onis  [occido,  to  happen], 
f.,  an  ocrasio)i,  opportunity. 

Occidens,  tis  [occido],  m.  (sc.  sol), 
the  settinr/sun.theWest,  the  Occident. 

occid5,  see  caedo. 

occulo.  ere.  cului,  cultus,  to  cover, 
cover  over ;  hide,  conceal. 

occulto,  are.  avi,  atus  [freq.  of 
occulo],  to  hide,  conceal;  secrete. 

occultus,  a,  um  [occulo],  adj.yhid- 
den,  secret,  concealed. 

occupo,  are,  avi.  atus  [ob -f 
capi5],  to  take  possession  of,  seize, 
hold,  occupy;  attack,  employ. 

occurro,  see  curro. 

Oceanus,  i,  m,,  the  Atlantic  and  its 
divisions  in  contrast  with  the  Medi- 
terranean Sea. 

Octaviana.  ae,  f.,  sister  of  Octavi- 
anus  and  wife  of  M.  Antonius. 


Octavianus,  i,  m.,  see  Caesar,  Au- 
gustus. 

Octavius,  i,  m.,  C.  Octdvius,  consul 
87  B.C. 

octavus,  a,  um  [octo],  num.  adj., 
eif/hth. 

octing-entesimus,  a,  um  [octin- 
genti],  num.  adj.,  eit/ht  hundredth. 

octingenti,  ae,  a  [octo  +  centum], 
num.  adj.,  c<(/ht  liandred. 

octo,  indecl.  num.  adj.,  eiqlit. 

octodecim  [octo  +  decern] ,  indecl. 
num.  adj.,  eiffhteen. 

octogesimus,  a,  um  [octoginta], 
num.  adj.,  eightieth. 

octoginta  [octo],  indecl.  num.  adj., 
eifjlity. 

oculus,  i,  m.,  the  eye. 

Odenathus,  i,  m.,  ruler  of  Palmyra. 
He  checked  the  incursions  of  the 
Persians,  and  was  honored  with  the 
title  of  Augustus  by  Gallienus. 

odeum,  i,  n.,  a  public  building  de- 
sifjned  for  musical  performances, 
odeon. 

odium,  i  [odi,  to  hate],  n.,  hatred, 
aversion. 

odor,  oris,  m.,  odor,  stench. 

Oenomaus,  i,  m . ,  a  leader  of  the  gladi- 
ators who  revolted  with  .Si)artacus. 

offensa,  ae,  f.,  disfavor,  offense,  ha- 
tred, enmity. 

offero,  see  fero. 

officium,  i  [opus  +  facio],  n.,  ser- 
vice, favor ;  duty,  office. 

Ogulnius,  i,  m.,  Q.  Ogulnius,  consul 
2G9  B.C. 

olim  [ole,  old  form  of  ille],  adv., 
formerly. 

Olympias,  adis,  f.,  an  Olympiad, 
the  space  of  four  years  intorveni?ig 
between  the  games  at  Olympus. 
The  period  wjis  used  in  assigning 
dates,  the  first  Olympiad  beginning 
in  770  B.C. 


VOCAHULARY 


213 


Olympus,  i,  m..  a  city  in  Lycia  in 
Asia  Minor. 

omen,  inis,  n.,  a  foreboding,  prog- 
nostication, omen. 

omnino  [omnis],  adv.,  in  all,  alto- 
gether, only,  in  general ;  at  all. 

omnis,  e,  adj.,  every,  all. 

opera,  ae  [opus],  f.,  work,  pains, 
aid;  operam  dare,  .<o  attend  to, 

•   a.tsist,  aid. 

opifex,  ficis  [opus+facio],  m., 
workman,  artisan. 

opinor.  ari.  atus  sum,  to  think,  be- 
lie re.  . 

oppidum,  i,  n.,  a  walled  town. 

Oppius,  i,  m.,  see  Sabinus. 

opprimo,  see  premo. 

oppugnatio,  onis  [oppugno],  f., 
an  assault,  attack,  siege. 

oppugno,  see  pugno. 

(ops),  opis,  f.,  power,  help  ;  pi.  opes, 
um,  ir<'alth,  resources. 

optimus.  see  bonus. 

opto,  are,  avi,  atus,  to  hope, 
desire. 

ad  — adopto,  are.  avi,  atus,  to 
adopt. 

opulentus,  a,  um  [ops],  adj.,  rich, 
vcultliy . 

opus,  operis,  n.,  work,  business, 
need :  forfitieation. 

orator,  oris  [oro],  m.,  an  orator, 
amt)as,<iador. 

orbis,  is,  m.,  circle ;  orbis  terrae  or 
terrarum,  thp  world. 

orbitas,  atis  [orbus,  destitute],  {., 
hereo  rente  lit ,  orphanage. 

Orchades,  um,  pi.  f.,  a  group  of 
islands  north  of  Scotland,  now  Ork- 
ney Islands. 

ordinarius,  a,  um  [ordino],  a<lj., 
of  order,  usual,  regular,  ordinary. 

ordino.  are,  avi.  atus  [ordo],  to 
arrange,  regulate. 

ord5,  inis,  f.,  an  order,  rank,  row. 


Orestes,  is,  m.,  (Jn.  Aufidius  Orestes, 
consul  73  B.C. 

Oriens,  entis  [orior],  m.  (sc.  sol), 
the  rising  sun,  the  East,  the  Orient. 

origo,  inis  [orior],  f.,  an  origin, 
source,  pedigree. 

orior.  iri.  ortus  sum,  to  rise,  begin, 
spring  from . 

oriundus,  a,  um  [orior],  adj.,  de- 
scended, sprung  from,  originating, 
born. 

ornamentum,  i  [orno,  to  fit  out], 
n.,  a  preparation  ;  decoration,  orna- 
ment, jewel. 

oro,  are,  avi,  atus  [6s.  mouth],  to 
I' ray,  bef/,  cnfreat. 

ad  — adoro,  are,  avi,  atus,  to 
sH]>plicate ;  icor.ship,  reverence. 

Orodes,  is,  m..  a  king  of  the  Parthi- 
ans,  conquered  by  Pompey. 

OS,  ossis,  n..  a  bone. 

Osdroena.  ae,  f.,  Osroenc,  a  district 
in  the  west  of  Mesopotamia. 

Osdroeni,  orum,  jd.  m.,  the  in- 
habitants of  O.sdroena. 

ostendo.  see  tendo. 

ostiatim,  adv.,  from  door  to  door, 
front  house  to  house. 

ostium,  i  [OS,  mouth],  m.,  the  mouth 
of'  (I  rirer. 

Otacilius,  i,  m.,  (T.)  Otdcilius  Cras- 
sus,  consul  2(».'i  b.c, 

Otho,  onis,  u).,  (M.  Salvias)  Otho, 
Roman  emperor  from  January  15  to 
April  1«),  (>[)  A.D. 

otium,  i,  n.,  leisure;  ease,  idlcTiess ; 
nsi,  peace. 

ovo,  are,  — ,  — ,  to  ejrult,  rejoice;  re- 
ceive an  ovation,  triumph. 


P.,   abbreviation  of    tlie    praenomen 

Publius. 
paco,  are,  avi,  atus  [pax] ,  topmcify, 

make  peaceful. 


i 


214 


VOCABULARY 


'^- 


rr.r AT^n.  \iiy 


21') 


Pacorus,  i,  in.,  pon  of  Orodesl.,  king 

of  Piirthia. 
Paelig-ni,    orum,  pi.   m.,   a    Sabine 

people  dwelling;  in  central  Ttaly. 
paene,  ailv.,  ohnost,  nearly. 
Palaeopharsalus,   i,   f.,  a    city    in 

Thessaly    where    (ae.sar    defeated 

Pompey    4H    B.C.      It    is    {generally 

written  Pliarsalns. 
Palaestina,  ae,  f  ,  Palestine. 
palam,  adv.,  openJu,  publicly. 
Palatinus,  i  (sc.  mons),    adj.,  the 

fdjiitinr  Hill. 
Palatium,  i,  n.,  the  Palatine   Hill: 

the  imperial  palace,  which  was  on 

the  hill, 
pallium,    i,    n.,    a    Grecian    cloak, 

mantle. 
palus,  udis.  f.,  a  marsh,  fen. 
Pamphylia,  ae,  f.,a  division  of  Asia 

Minor. 
Pannonia,  ae.  f,,  one  of  the  most  im- 
portant provinces  of  Rome,  lying 

between  the  Danube  and  the  Alps. 
Pannonicus,  a,  um,  adj.,  pertaining 

to  Pannonia. 
Pannonii,  5runi,  pi.  m.,  the  inhab- 

ifdiifs  of  Pannonia. 
Pansa,  ae,  m.  (C   Vibius),  Piinsa, 

consul  43  B.C. 
Panticapaeuni,  i.  n.,  a  city  in  the 

modern  Crimea. 
Paphlagon,   onis.   m  ,  a.  Paphlago- 

nian. 
Paphlag-onia.   ae,   f.,  a  division  of 

\<ia  Minor  on  the  Black  Sea. 
Pai)irius,  i,  m.,  the  name  of  a  Roman 

gens.    See  Carbo.  Cursor, 
parens,  entis  [pario],  m.  and  f.,  a 
father  or  mother,  parent;   relative 

(late). 
pareo,  ere,  ui,  —  ,  to  appear;  obey, 

f<erre. 

ad  —  appareo,  ere,  ui,  —  ,  to  be- 
come visible,  appear;  serve. 


con  — compareo,  ere,  ui,  — ,  to 

appear,  shoir  nur'.'t  self. 

*pari6,  ere,  peperi,  partus,  to  give 
birth  to,  bring  forf It. 

ab  — aperio,  ire,  ui,  tus,  to  nn- 
corer,  ban;  njicn,  disclose. 

con—  comperio,  ire,  peri,  per- 
tus,  to  fntl  out,  learn. 

re  —  reperio,  ire,  repperi,  re- 
pertus,  to  Jind  (again),  meet  iriffu, 
<lis('(n'er. 

paro,  are,  avi,  atus,  to  make  ready, 

prepare  ;  rcsolrc.  /ihin  :  get.  acquire. 

con — compar5,  are,  ayi,  atus, 

to   make    ready,   prepare;    obtain, 

procure. 

prae  —  praeparo,  are,  avi, 
atus,  to  make  ready  beforehand, 
provide. 

re  —  reparo,  are.  avi.  atus,  to 
rene)''. 

parricidium,  i  [pater  +  caedo],  n., 
murder  of  a  father,  parricide. 

pars,  partis,  f.,  a  part,  number;  dis- 
trict ;  side,  direction ; party,  faction. 

Parthenius,  i,  ra.,  the  slayer  of 
Domitinn. 

Parthenopolis,  is,  f .,  a  city  in  Lower 
Moosia  on  the  Black  Sea. 

Parthl,  orum,  pi,  m.,  a  Scythian  peo- 
ple southeast  of  the  Caspian  Sea. 

Parthicus,  a,  um,  adj.,  belonging  to 
Parthia,  cognomen  of  Septimius 
SeviJnis. 

Parthomasiris.  is,  m.,  king  of  Ar- 
menia. 

partim  [pars],  adv.,  partly. 

partus,  us  [pari5],  m.,  a  bringing 
forth,  delivery,  birth*;  progeny. 

parum,  adv.,  too  little,  not  enough; 
comp.,  minus,  le.^x,  by  no  meaiis, 
not ;  sup.,  minime,  least  of  all,  by 
no  means,  not  at  all;  as  a  subst., 
parum,  indecl.  n.,  too  little,  not 
enough. 


parvus,  a,  um,  adj.,  little,  .<imall ; 
comp.,  minor.  smaller,  less  ; 
younger  (sc.  natQ)  ;  sup.,  mini- 
mus, smallest,  least. 

pasco,  ere,  pavi,  pastus,  to  feed ; 
of  animals,  to  graze,  broiose. 

passus,  us  [passus  from  pando. 
to  spread],  m.,  a  step,  pace; 
mille  passuum,  pi.  milia  pas- 
suum,  a  lioman  mile  -  4S.")4  Eng- 
lish feet. 

patefacio.  ere,  feci,  factus  [pateo 
+  faciOj,  to  lay  open,  di.scfose, 
bring  to  light. 

pateo,  ere,  ui,  — ,  to  be  open,  extend, 
be  manifest. 

pater,  tris,  m.,  a  father,  ancestor. 

paternus,  a,  um  [pater],  adj., 
fiitltcrly,  of  <i  father. 

patior,  pati.  passus  sum,  to  safer, 
bear,  endure:  experience ;  allow, 
permit. 

per  —  perpetior.  i.  pessus  sum, 
to  endure,  he  putieut  under. 

patria,  ae   [pater],  f.,  fatherland, 

eouiitrii.  hoiue. 
patrimonium,  i  [pater],  n.,  inherit- 
ance, patrimony,  property. 
patro,  are,  avi,  atus,  to  carry  out, 

perform,  execute. 
patruelis,  e   [patruus],   adj.,  of  a 

fatlier's  brof/ier,  child  (f  a  father's 

brother:  as  subst.,  a  cousin. 
patruus,  i  [pater] .  m.,  of  a  father's 

brother,  paternal  uncle. 
paucus,  a,  um.  [n\].,feio,  little. 
paulisper    [paulum,    by    a    little], 

adv.,  a  short  time. 
paulus,  a,  um.  adj.,  little,  small:  as 

sub.st.,  paulum.  i,  n.,  a  little,  tritte  : 

abl.,  paulo,  by  a  little. 
Paulus,  i,  m.,  the  name  of  a  Roman 

family. 
1.   L.   Aemilius    Paulus,    consul 

216  B.C. 


2.  L.  Aemilius  Paulus,  surnamed 
Macedonicus,  consul  168  b.c. 

3.  M.  Aemilius  Paulus,  consul  255 
B.(  . 

pauper,  eris,  m\j.,poor. 

pax,  pacis,  f.,  peace. 

pectus,  oris,  n.,  the  breast. 

pecunia,    ae    [pecus,    cattb-],    f., 
money. 

pedes,  itis  [pes] .  m.,  a  foot  .soldier, 
infintr/f. 

pello,  ere,  pepuli,  pulsus,  to  drive 
out  or  ((way,  erpel ;  defeat,  rout. 

ad  — appello,  are,  avi,  atus,  to 
call,  address,  name  :  appeal  to  :  ac- 
cuse. 

con  — compello,  ere,  pu''  pul- 
sus, to  drive  together,  collect :  force, 
compel. 

ex  — expello,  ere,  puli,  pulsus, 
to  drive  out  or  away,  expel,  dis- 
lodge. 

in  — impello,  ere,  puli.  pulsus, 
to  urge  on,  iudte,  impel. 

pendeo,  ere,  pependi,  — ,  to  Jtaug, 

be  .'<usjtcudeil  :    re.^t ,  depend. 

penetro,  are,  avi,  atus  [penitus], 

to  enter,  penetrate. 
penitus,     adv.,     inwardly,    v^ithin : 

deeply,  completely. 
per,   prep,  with    ace.   (1)    of   place, 

til  rough,  ((cro.ss,  over,  througJiout : 

(2)  of  time,  through,  during :  (3)  of 

means  or  agency,  by  means  of,  by 
!      the  agency  of,  through. 
percussor.   oris   [percutio],  m.,  (( 

sfabber,  murderer. 
percutio,  ere,  cussi,  cussus  [per 

+  quatio,      to     shake],    to     thrust 
I      throug/i,  .■<trike,  kill. 
perdo,  see  do. 
perdonio.  see  domo. 
pere5.  se<'  eo. 
perfero.  see  fer5. 
I  perficio,  see  facio. 


;   II 


_  r » 


VOCABULARY 


perfidia,   ae    [perfidus,  faithless], 

f.,  tt'Pddiery. 
perfug-a,  ae   [perfug-io,  to  flee  for 

rcf>i!/c]y  ni->  (I  fugitive,  deserter,  ref- 
use. 
Perg-amum,  I,  ii.,  a  city  in  Mysia  in 

Asia  Minor, 
pergo,  see  rego. 

periculum,  i,  n.,  trial;  daiujer, peril. 
perimo,  see  emo. 
perinde   [per  +  inde],  adv.,  in  the 

same  7)ianner,ji(st  as,  equally. 
peritus,  a,  um,  adj.,  skillful,  experi- 
enced, familiar  ivith. 
permaneo,  see  maneo. 
permitto,  sec  mitto. 
permutatio,    onis    [permuto,    to 

(■/n(n</e],  (.,  rhanf/e,  efdiange. 
pernicies,    ei    [per  +  nex],    f.,  de- 
struction, ruin. 
perniciose  [perniciosus],  adv.,(?an- 

f/erouslf/,  destructively. 
pemiciosus,    a,    um    [pernicies] , 

adj.,  (binijerous,  destructive. 
Perperna,  ae,  m.,    (J/.)  Perperna, 

c.iiisul  l.'U)  B.C. 
perpetior,  see  patior. 
perpetuus,  a,  um.  adj.,  continuous, 

uninterrupted;     in    perpetuum, 

forever. 
Persae.  arum,  pi.  m.,  the  Persians. 
persequor,  see  sequor. 
Perseus,  ei,   m.,   tlio  last    king   of 

INIacedonin,  178-108  B.C. 
persevero,  are,  avi,  atus,  to  persist, 

persevere. 
Persis.  idis,  f.,  Persia. 
Pertinax,  acis.  m.,  (Ifelvius)  Perti- 

nii.i',  Roman  emperor  from  January 

1  to  :Mareh  28,  193  a.d. 
Perusia,  ae,  f.,  an  ancient  town  in 

Etrnria  in  Italy, 
pervenio,  see  venio. 
pes.  pedis,  m.,  afoot;  pedem  re- 

ferre.  to  retreat. 


Pescennius,  i,  m.,  see  Nig-er. 

pestilentia,  ae  [pestis,  plague],  f., 
a  pci^tllence,  phigue. 

peto,  ere,  ivi  (ii),  itus,  to  strive  for, 
seek;  beg,  ask,  request;  assail,  at- 
tack. 

ad  — appeto,  ere,  ivi  (ii),  itus, 
to  strive  for,  reach  after;  assail, 
attack ;  long  for,  desire ;  draw  nigh, 
approach,  be  at  hand. 

re  — repeto,  ere,  ivi  (ii),  itus, 
to  seek  again,  try  to  get  back,  de- 
mand back ;  recall,  repeat  ;  attack. 

Petreius,  i,  m.,  M.  Petreius,  a  par- 
tisan of  Pompey :  fouj,dit  a»ainst 
Caesar  in  Spain,  Greece,  and  Africa. 

Petronius,  i,  m..  Petronius  Secundus, 
a  partisan  of  Nerva. 

Pharnaces,  is,  m.,  Gr.  ace.  Phar- 
nacen,  the  son  of  Mithradates, 
who  succeeded  his  father  as  king 
of  Pontns. 

Phaselis,  idis,  f.,  a  city  of  Lycia  in 
Asia  Minor. 

Philippi,  orum,  pi.  m.,  a  city  in 
Macedonia  where  Brutus  and  Cas- 
sius  were  defeated  by  Octavian 
44  B.C. 

Philippus,  i,  m., 

1.  Philip  v.,  king  of  Macedonia 
220-178  B.C. 

2.  (3/.  Ifdlus)  Philippus  I.,  Ro- 
man emperor  244-249  a.d. 

3.  (3/.  litllus)  Philippus  IL,  son 
of  (2). 

4.  L.  Miirclus  Philippus,  consul 

91  B.C. 

5.  Q.  ^f(lrclus  Philippus,  consul 
18(;  B.C. 

philosophia,  ae,  f.,  philosophy. 

philosophus,  i,  m.,  a  philosopher. 

Phoenice,  es,  f.,  Phoenicia,  a  coun- 
try of  Syria. 

Phrygia,  ae,  f.,  a  division  of  Asia 
Minor. 


VOf-  \IU'T.AKY 


•^1 


Picentes,  ium,  pi.  m.,  the  inhabitants 

of  I'lcenum. 
Picenum,  i,  n.,  a  division  of  Italy  on 

tlie  Adriatic  Sea,  north  of  Latiuni. 
pilum,  i,  n.,  a  heavy  javelin  ;  pike. 
pingo,  ere,  pinxi,  pictus,  to  paint; 

represent,  delineate,  portray. 
Piraeus,  i,  m.,  the  chief  harbor  of 

At  liens, 
pirata,  ae,  m.,  a  pirate. 
piraticus,  a,  um  [pirata],  adj.,  per- 

taining  to  )nrates,  piratical ;  Pira- 

ticum    bellum,  war   against  the 

pirates. 
piscis,  is.  f.,  aflsh. 
piscor,  ari,  atus  sum  [piscis] ,  to 

flsh. 
plus,  a.  um,  adj.,  reverent,  jiious. 
placeo,    ere,    ui,  — ,   to  please,  be 

agreeable  to;  ,sc'e»i  best  to;  inijiers., 

placet,  placuit,  placitum  est,  to 

bs  resolved  by. 
dis  — displiceo,  gre,  ui,  — ,  to 

dLsj, lease. 
placidus,  a,  um  [placo,  to  soothe], 

adj.,  ralm,  quiet,  tranquil. 
Plautius,  i,  m.,  A.  Plauflus,  sent  by 

the  emperor  Claudius  in  43  a.d.  to 

subdue  liritain. 
plebs,  plebis,  and    plebes.  ei,   f., 

the  coinmon  people,  populace,  ple- 

hf'ians. 
plenus,  a,  um  [pleo].  K<\].,full. 
*pleo,  ere,  plevi.  pletus,  t<>  flll. 
con  —  compleo,  ere,  plevi,  ple- 
tus,   to  flll    (to  the    brim) ;    com- 

plete. 

ex  —  expleo,  ere.  plSvi.  pletus. 

to  flll  up.  flll. 
in  — impleo,  ere,  plevi,  pletus, 

to  rill  lip,  finish. 
plerique,  aeque,  aque,   adj.,  very 

many,  most. 
plerumque,  adv.,  mostly,  generally, 

very  often. 


Plotina,  ae,  f.,  the  wife  of  the  em- 
peror Trajan. 

plurimus,  sec  multus. 

Plutarchus,  i,  m.,  a  (ireek  philoso- 
pher and  biographer. 

poculum,  i,  n.,  cup. 

poema,  atis,  n.,  a  poem. 

poena,  ae,  f.,  compensation,  jmnish- 
ment,  jicnalty. 

Poeni,  orum,  pi.  m.,  the  Carthagini- 
ans. 

Polemo,  onis,  m.,  king  of  Pontus 
39-02  A.D. 

Polemoniacus,  a,  um,  adj.,  belong- 
ing to  Polono. 

polliceor,  eri,  itus  sum,  to  promise, 
volaiifeer. 

pompa,  ae,  f.,  a  procession,  parade, 

Pompeius,  i,  m., 

1.  C)i.  Pompeius,  consul  89  B.C. 

2.  Cn.  Pompeius,  surnamed  Mag- 
nus, the  triumvir,  consul  70  n.c. 

3.  Cn.  Pompeius,  son  of  the  tri- 
umvir. 

4.  Q.  Pompeius,  consul  141  B.C. 

5.  Sex..  Po^nptius,  younger  son  of 
tlie  triumvir. 

Pompilius,  i,  m.,  Numa  Pompilius, 
the  second  king  (tf  Rome,  715-072  B.C. 
pondo  [pondus],  adv.,  by  weight. 
pondus,  eris  [pendo,  to  weigh],  n., 

}rrig]it. 

p6n6,  ere,  posui,  positus,  to  put 
down,  phice,  set,  deposit;  serve  (at 
meals) ;  spend;  .sef  up,  build;  pitch. 

ad  — appono,  ere,  posui,  posi- 
tus, to  put  before,  place  near ;  serve 
(at  table). 

con  —  compono,  ere,  posui, 
positus,  to  arrange,  settle ;  con- 
clud>\fliilsh. 

de  — depono.  ere.  posui,  posi- 
tus, to  lay  down  or  aside,  put  down; 
stop ;  arrange,  establish. 


!  n 


'21 S 


VOCABULARY 


dis  —  dispone,  ere,  posui,  posi- 

tus,  to  tirruD'/p,  arrmj,  dL^posi'. 
in  — impono,  ere,  posui,  posi- 

tus,  to  place  or  ijut  upon  or  in; 

establish. 
prae  —  praepono.   ere,  posui, 

positus,  to  set  over,  put  ui  charge  of. 
re  —  repono.  ere,  posui,  posi- 
tus, ((>  put  !)((ck,  replace,  restore. 
pons,  pontis,  iii.,  a  bridf/e. 
Ponticus.  a,  um,  -mV].,  pertaining  to 

Pontas:    Ponticum    (mare),  the 

Black  Sea. 
pontifex.  ficis,  m.,  priest. 
Pontius,  i,  Ml.,  see  Telesinus. 
Pontus,  i.  in., 

1.  Poiitas    Earhius,    the    Bhick 
Sea. 

2.  A  country  of  Asia  Minor  on  tlie 
BhK'k  Sea. 

populo,  are,  avi,  atus,  to  plunder, 

rara'jf,  laij  waste. 
de  —  depopulor,  ari.  atus  sum, 

to   lay    traste,  rarat/c,  plnndtr,  pil- 

hi'je. 
populus,  i,  in.,  a  people,  nation. 
Porcius,  i,  ni.,  the  name  of  a  Koman 

tjeiis.     See  Cato. 
\)urrC)    [pro],   adv.,  forioard,   hence- 

j'ortii,  f(i rtherniore,  again. 
Porsenna,  ae,   in.,  Lars  Porsetma, 

kiiii;-  of  Clusium  in  Etruria. 
porta,  ae,  f.,  a  city  f/ate,  gate. 
*porto,  are,  avi,  atus  [porta],   to 

tiear,  carry. 
ex  —  exporto,   are,   avi,  atus, 

to  carry  out,  export. 
re  —  reporto.    are,    avi.    atus, 

fi)  carry  back,  rrjxai. 
porticus,  us,  f.,  a  colonnade,  arcade, 

portico. 
posco,  ere,  poposci,  — ,  to  ask,  de- 
mand. 
possldeo.  ere,  sedi,  sessus  [sedeo], 

to  occupy,  hold,  possess. 


possum,  posse,  potui,  —  [potis, 
a/)^' -f  sum],  to  be  able,  can;  plu- 
rimum  posse,  to  have  great  poiver. 

post,  (1)  adv.,  after,  later,  after- 
wards; (2)  prep,  with  ace,  after, 
behind. 

postea  [post  +  is],  adv.,  after- 
wards. 

posterus,  a,  um  [post],  mV].,  follow- 
ing, nej't ;  eomp.  posterior,  us, 
gen.  oris,  later;  sup.  postremus, 
last,  lowe.'it ;  ad  post evum,ji nail y  ; 
as  subst.,  posteri  orum,  pi.  in., 
descendants,  posterity. 

postquam  or  post  .  .  .  quam  [post 
+  quam],  eonj.,  after,  when. 

postremo  [posterus],  adv.,  at  last, 
JliKtlly. 

Postumius,  i,  in.,  see  Albinus. 

Postumus,  i,  m.,  (3/.  Cassidnus) 
Postunius,  one  of  the  Thirty  Ty- 
rants. 

potens,  entis  [possum],  adj.,  pojoer- 
fnl. 

potestas,  atis  [possum],  f.,  power, 
might ;  opportunity,  permission  ; 
(^^ thority ,  sovereignty . 

potior,  iri,  itus  sum  [potis,  able], 
to  get  pos.session,  acquire. 

potius  [eomp.  of  potis,  able],  adv., 
sup.  potissimum ;  rather,  more, 
sooner. 

prae,  prep,  with  abl.,  before,  in  front 
of,  in  c(miparison  vnth. 

praebeS,  see  habe5. 

praecedo,  see  cedo. 

praeceps,  cipitis  [prae -f  caput], 
adj.,  headlong,  Iiasfy ;  steep,  pre- 
cipitous. 

praecipio,  see  capio. 

praecipito,  are,  avi,  atus  [prae- 
ceps], to  throw  headlong,cast  down  ; 
rush  dow7\, 

praecipue  [praecipuus],  adv., 
chiefly,  principally,  especially. 


VOCABULARY 


-1 


praecipuus,  a,  um  [praecipio], 
adj.,  special,  particular ;  eminent, 
prominent. 

praeclarus,  a,  um  [prae  -f  olarus], 
adj.,  very  bright  or  brilliant,  excel- 
lent, distinguished. 

praeda,  ae,  f.,  booty,  .y>oil,  jJnndcr. 

praefectura,  ae,  f.,  t/ic  ojfice  of  over- 
seer, superintendence ;  praefecture. 

praefectus,  i,  m.,  overseer,  super in- 
tendent ;  praefect. 

praefero,  see  fero. 

praeficio,  see  facio. 

praemium,  i  [prae  i  emo],  n.,  re- 
word, prizo. 

Praeneste,  is,  n.,  a  town  in  Latiuin 
east  of  Rome,  modern  Palest rina. 

Praenestini,  orum,  pi.  m.,  the  in- 
habitants of  Praeneste. 

praeparo,  see  paro. 

praepono,  see  pono. 

praesens,  entis  [praesum],  adj.,o< 
hand,  present. 

praeses,  sidis  [praesideo],  m.,  a 
protector,  guard,  defender;  presi- 
dent. 

praesidiura,  !  [praesideo],  n.,  help, 
aid,  defense;  defensive  force,  garri- 
so)) :  fort,  .<itation,  post. 

praesto,  see  sto. 

praesum,  see  sum. 

praeter,  prep,  with  ace,  past,  be- 
yond; contrary  to,  against;  besides, 
except. 

praeterea  [praeter  +  is],  adv.,  in 
addition  to  this.  beside.'<,  moreover. 

praetermitto.  see  mitto. 

praetexo,  ere,  ui,  tus  [texo,  to 
iDcave],  to  provide  with  a  border; 
toga  praetexta,  a  (purple)  bor- 
dered toga,  worn  by  maj,nstrates 
and  freeborn  children  till  the  six- 
teenth or  seventeenth  year,  when 
they  became  of  ajje  and  assumed 
the  togci  virilis,  which  was  wholly 


white;     the    girls    wore    the    toga 
praetexta  until   they  married. 

praetor,  oris  [orig.  praeitor.  from 
prae  f  e5],  in.,  a  leader,  com- 
nitnnlfr :  praetor,  inngisfrate.jndgt . 

praetorianus,  a,  um  [praet5rium], 
adj.,  belonging  to  the  ttodi/gnnrd ; 
praetoria)> :  as  subst.,  praetoriani, 
orum,  pi.  m.,  the  ]iraetorians. 

praetoriura,  i,  n.,  the  imperial  body, 
guard. 

praetorius,  a,  um  [praetor],  adj., 
of  or  belonging  to  the  prattor  or 
commander  ;  as  subst.,  praet5rius, 
i,  m.,  a  man  of  praetorian  rank,  an 
ex-praetor. 

praevenio,  see  venio. 

prandium,  i,  n.,  Innch. 

pravus,  a,  um,  adj.,  crooked,  wrong ; 
jierrerse,  wicked. 

*prehend6,  ere.  i,  hensus,  t>>  grasp. 
de  — deprehendo,  ere,  i,  hen- 
sus, to  seize,  catch  :  surprise,  de- 
tect, di.Kcoi^er. 

re  —  reprehends,  ere,  i,  hen- 
sus, to  hold  back,  check ;  blame, 
criticise,  reprove. 

premo,  ere,  pressi,  pressus.  to 
]>ress  :  ]ire.*i>;  Jiord.  crush. 

ob  —  opprimo,  ere,  pressi, 
pressus,  to  crush  utterly,  over- 
power, ovenchelm. 

pretium,  i,  n.,  price,  value;  reward, 
money,  ransom. 

primo  [primus],  adv.,  at  first. 

primum  [primus],  adv.,yfr.s'<. 

primus,  sec  prior. 

princeps.  cipis  [primus -f  capio], 
ad].,  Jir St,  foremost ;  as  subst.  m., 
leading  man,  chief,  leader. 

principatus,  us  [princeps],  m.,  a 
chief  authority  (in  the  state);  head- 
,<ihip,  leader.fhip  :  reign,  sovereignty. 

principium.  i  [princeps],  n.,  begin- 
ning, origin. 


--'J 


VOCABULARY 


prior,  ud,  gen.  prioris,  comp.  adj., 
former,  previous,  first,  prior ;  sup. 

primus,  first,  foremost. 
priscus,  a,  um  [prius],  in\] .,  former , 

t'idor ;  primitive,  strict. 
Priscus.  i,  m.,  see  Tarquinius. 
pristinus,  a,  um  [prius],  adj., /or- 

m^r,  old. 
prius   [prior],   adv.,  before,  sooner, 

previously,  frst  of  all. 
privatim  [privatus],  adv., private??/, 

(IS  a  sincjle  individual. 
privatus,    a,    um    [privo,    to    set 

apart],  adj.,  private,  individual ;  as 

subst.,  privatus,  i,  m.,  a  man  in 

private  life,  a  private  citizen. 
privigna.  ae,  f.,  a  .stepdaughter. 
privignus,  i,  m.,  a  stepson. 
pr5,  prep,  with  abl.,  in  front  of,  be- 
fore; in  behalf  of;  in  comparison 

ivifh,  in  accordance  with. 
probe     [probus,    estimable'],    adv., 

riqht,  ivell,  properly,  correctly. 
probrosus,  a,  um  [probrum],  adj., 

shameful,  ignominious,  infamous. 
probrum,  I,  m.,  a  .shameful  act,  base 

deed;  numodesty,  leivdness ;  insult, 

rrpmach. 
Probus,  i,  m.,  {M.  Aurelius)  Probus, 

Roman  emperor  276-282  a.d. 
procedo.  see  cedo. 
procllvus,   a,    um    [pro  +  clivus, 

slope],  nd].,  sloping,  .^teep ;   liable, 

prone  ;  subject,  ready. 
proconsul,   is   [pro,   in  place  o/  + 

consul],  m.,  a  proconsul,  governor 

of  a  province. 
proconsulatus,  a,  um  [proconsul], 

adj.,  the  office  of  a  proconsul,  pro- 
consulate. 
procul,  adv.,  at  a  distance,  far  from. 
Proculus.   1.   m.,   a   famous  Roman 

jurist , 
procumbo,    ere,    cubui,    cubitus 

[pro  +  cumbo,  to  lie],  to  lie  down, 


sink,  fall  forward ;  fall,  sink  down, 

be  beaten  down. 
prodo,  see  do. 
produce,  see  duco. 
proelium,  i,  u.,  a  battle,  combat,  cn- 

(lagcincnt. 
proflciscor,  i,  fectus  sum  [pro  + 

faciscor,  from  facio],  to  set  out, 

proceed;  spring  from. 
profligo,  see  *flig6. 
profluvium,  i,  n.,  a  f owing  forth; 

ventris  pr5fluvium,  diarrhea. 
profugid,  see  fugio. 
progredior,  see  *  gradior. 
promitt5,  see  mitto. 
promptus,   a,   um   [promo,  to  set 
forth],  'AiX]., prepared, quick, prompt. 
pronuntio,  see  nuntio. 
pronus,    a,    um,   adj.,   turned  for- 

irard,  inclined;  tendency  ;  disposed, 

pronp. 
propalam      [pro  ^- palam] ,     adv., 

openly,  publicly,  manifestly. 
prope,  adv.,  near  by ;  nearly,  almost. 
propensus,   a,  um,    adj.,   hanging 

down  :  inclined,  disposed,  prone. 
propior,    us   [prope],    comp.   adj., 

nearer;    sup.   proximus,    nearest, 

next ;  latest,  last ;  next,  following. 
proprius,  a,  um,  adj.,  not  common 

with  others,  own,  special,  individual. 
I  propter,  prep,  with  ace,  on  account 

of. 
propterea  [propter -f  is],  adv.,  ./V»r 

this  reasoi/,  therefore;  propterea 

quod,  because. 
propugnator,  oris  [propugno,   to 

defend],  m.,  a  defender. 
proscribo,  see  scribo. 
proscriptio.  onis  [proscribo],  f.,  a 

pidtlic  notice  of  sale,  jtroscriptiori. 
prosequor.  see  sequor. 
prosper  aful  prosperus,  a,  um  [pro 

+  spes],  adj.,   according   to    one's 

hopes,  favorable,  prosperous. 


VOCALlLAUr 


■2-21 


prospere  [prosperus],  adv.,  propi- 
tiously, .saccessfidly 

prostituo,  s3e  *8tatu6. 

prosum,  see  sum. 

protraho,  see  trahS. 

provide  [provideo,  to  provide,  fore- 
see], adn-.,  carefully, prudently  (very 
rare) . 

provincia,  ae,  f.,  an  office,  duty; 
province. 

provincialis,  e  [provincia],  adj., 
of  a  province,  provincial ;  as  subst., 
provincialis,  is,  m.,  a  provincial. 

provisio,  Snis  [provides,  to  fore- 
sec],  {.,  a  foreseeing,  foreknowledge ; 
foresifflit,  providence. 

provoco,  see  voco. 

proximus,  see  propior, 

prudentia,  ae  [prudens,  foresee- 
ing], i.,  foresight, practical  icisdom, 
f/ood  .sense. 

pruna,  ae,  f.,  a  burning  coal,  live  coal. 

Prusias,  ae,  m.,  king  of  Hithynia 
22S-1S0  B.C. 

Pseudoperses,  ei,  m.,  a  pretended 
son  «»f  Perseus. 

Pseudophilippus,  i,  m.,  a  pretended 
son  of  Philii).  king  of  Macedonia. 

Ptolemaeus.  i,  m.,  a  name  borne  l)y 
the  kini^s  of  Egypt  after  the  time  of 
Alexander  the  Great. 

1.  Ptoletnaeus  Philadelphus,  286- 
247  B.C. 

2.  Ptolemaeus  Euergetes,  247-222 

B.C. 

3.  Ptolemaeus    Philometor,    181- 
14(5  B.C. 

4.  Ptolemaeus  Auletes,  47-43  B.C. 
Ptolemais,  is,  f.,  a  city  in  Libya, 
publice     [publicusj,    adv.,    in    the 

name  of  (by  order  of)  the  state,  puh- 
liely,  officially. 
publicus,  a.   um  [orig.  poplicus], 
a<lj.,  belonging  to  the  people,  public ; 
official. 


Pablicola,  ae,  m.,  L.  (P.)  Valerius 
Puhlicolii.  consul  .5()*.i  w.c. 

pudicitia,  ae  [pudicus],  f.,  mod- 
esty, virtue. 

pudicus,  a,  um  [pudeo.  to  be 
asliamed],  adj.,  modest,  virtuous. 

puer,  pueri,  m.,  a  child;  boy; 
shfve. 

pugna.  ae,  f.,  a  combat, Jight,  battle. 

pugnator,  oris,  m.,  a  fighter,  com- 
batant. 

piignS,  are,  avi,  atus  [ptigna],  to 
Jight ;  oppose,  resist. 

ex  —  expQgno,  are,  &vi,  atus, 
to  take  by  .■^torm,  capture;  over- 
power, prero/I  upon. 

Ob  —  oppugno,  are,  avi,  atus, 
to  tight  agaiuHt,  assault,  besiege. 

Pulcher,  chri,  m.,  P.  Claudius  Pul- 
cher,  consul  249  B.C. 

Pullus,  i,  m.,  L.  lunius  Pullus,  con- 
sul 24<>  n.r. 

Pulvillus,  i.  m.,  (3/.)  Horatius  Pul- 
vlllits,  consul  5(K)  B.C. 

Punicus,  a,  um,  adj.,  Phoenician, 
Punic:  Carthaginian :  Punicum 
bellum.  Punic  tear,  tirst,  2C4-241 
B.C.;  second,  218-202  B.C.:  third, 
14<t-14<i  B.C. 

punio,  ire.  ivi.  itus  [poena],  to 
}junish. 

Pupienus.  i.  m.  (3/.  Clodius)  Pupi- 
enus  {M(ixi)nus),  Roman  emperor 
238  A.D. 

pargS.  are.  avi.  atus  [purus + 
ago],  to  make  clear;  clear  away, 
excuse. 

purpura,  ae,  i.,  purple-color,  purple, 
purple  garment. 

purpureus,  a,  um  [purpura],  adj., 
purple-colored :  clothed  in  purple. 

purpuro.  are.  avi,  atus  [purpura], 
to  be  clothed  in  purple. 

puts,  are,  avi,  atus,  to  think,  con- 
sider, suppose. 


QOO 


\i)LAia  LAi;v 


Pyiaemenes,  is,  m.,  king  of  Paphla- 

goiiia. 
Pyrenaeus,  a,  um,  adj.  (se.  mons), 

the  Pyrenees  inountains. 
Pvrrhus,  i,  m.,  king  of  Epirus,  waged 

war  against  Rome  281-272  B.C. 


Q. 

Q.,  abbreviation  of  the  praenomen 
Quintus. 

Quadi,  orum,  pi.  m,,  a  Suabian  peo- 
ple. 

quadragesimus,  a.  um  [quadra- 
g-intaj,  ninii.  mV].,  fortieth. 

quadriennium,  i  [quattuor -f- an- 
nus], n.,  u  period  of  fan r  iiears. 

quadringenti,  ae,  a  [quattuor  + 
centum],  nnni.  \n\].,  four  hundreit. 

quadringenties  [quadringenti], 
■nun.  \n\\.,  four  hundred  ti)ncs. 

quaero,  ere.  quaesivi.  quaesitus, 
to  s"*'k  :  o.s'A"  ,■  (/!'t,  ohtdiii. 

quaestor,  oris  [orig.  quaesitor;  cf. 
quaero,  quaeso],  m.,  quaestor, 
quurtennaster,  a  name  given  to  cer- 
tain magistrates  who  had  the  care 
of  public  moneys  and  military  sup- 
plies, both  at  Rome  and  in  the  prov- 
inces. 

quails,  e,  adj.,  (1)  interrog.,  of  what 
kind?  ivhat  sort  off  (2)  rel.,  of  such 
a  kind,  such  as,  as. 

quam  [quls],  adv.,  how,  hoiv  much  : 
after  a  comp.,  than :  with  a  sup.,  as 
possible ;  quam  primum.  as  soon 
as  possible  :  quamdiu,  ((.s-  long  as; 
tarn  .  .  .  quam,  as  .  .  .  .so,  not  only 
.   .   .  In  It  also. 

quamquam.  conj..  althou(/h,  even  if. 

q  nam  vis  [quam  +  vis,  from  volo], 
adv.  and  conj.,  however  much,  al- 
though. 

quantus,  a,  um  [quam]  adj.,  (1)  in- 
trnng.,   how    great f    how    much? 


(2)  rel.,  correl.  to  tantus,  as  great 

as,  as. 
quantum,    adv.,    hoiv    much?    how 

farf 
quare  [qua  +  re],  adv.,  (1)  interrog., 

lohij  .^    (2)    rel.,  for  which   reason, 

wherefore,  therefore.  , 

quarto    [quartus],    adv.,    for    the 

fourth  time. 
quartus,  a,  um   [quattuor],  num. 

^xd].,  fourth. 
quasi,  adv.  and  conj.,  as  if,  just  as 

if,  as  though  ;  on  the  ground  that. 
quatenus,  adv.,  (1)  interrog.,  to  what 

point  f  how  far?  (2)  re].,  as  far  as. 
quater  [quattuor].  num.  adv.,  four 

ti}n<'s. 
quaterni,  ae,  a  [quater],  dist.  num. 

adj.,  four  each,  by  fours,  four  at  a 

time. 
quattuor,  indecl.  num.  adj.,/o?<r. 
quattuordecim     [quattuor  -\-  de- 

cem] ,  indecl.  num.  -Ad].,  fourteen. 
-que,  conj.  enclitic,  and,  and  yet,  but. 
queror.  i,  questus  sum,  to  complain. 
qui,   quae,   quod,   rel.   pron.,  who, 

which,  what,  that ;  whoever,  what- 
ever. 
qui,  quae,  or  qua.  quod,  indef.  pron. 

used  adjectively,  any,  some. 
quia,  conj.,  because,  since. 
quicumque,  quaecumque,  quod- 

cumque,  indef.  rel.  pron.,  whoever, 

wh  ichever,  whatever. 
quidam,  quaedam,  quiddam,  and 

as  adj.,  quoddam,  indef.  pron.,  a 

certain  one,  so)nebody  ;  a  certain. 
quldem,  a<lv., ///(/f'f'f/,  in  fact,  to  be 

sure:    ne  .  .  .  quldem,  7iot  even, 

not  at  all. 
qulesco,  ere,  evi,  etus,  to  rest,  re- 
pose, keep  quiet. 
quietus,  a,  um   [qulesco],  adj.,  at 

rest,  free  from    exertion;    undis- 
turbed, quiet,  peaceful. 


VOCARULAia 


223 


quilibet,  quaellbet,  .  quodlibet 
(quidlibet),  indef.  pron.,  any  one 
yon  please,  any  one,  who  or  whatso- 
ever. 

quin  [qui,  adv.,  hoio  ?  +  ne],  conj.. 
how  not?  why  not?  that,  that  not, 
hut  t/iat ;  quin  et  or  etlam,  nay 
more. 

quingentesimus.  a,  um  [quin- 
genti],  num.  adj.,^>e  hundredth. 

quingenti,  ae,  a  [quinque  f  cen- 
tum], num.  i{d'].,jive  hundred. 

quini,  ae.  a  [quinque],  dist.  num. 
a.d}.,  fire  each,  by  Jives. 

quinquagesimus,  a,  um  [quinqua- 
ginta],  num.  i\d}.,jiftieth. 

quinquaginta,    indecl.     num.    adj., 

quinque.  indec^l.  num.  adj.,  five. 
Quinquegentlani.  orum,  pi.  ni.,  a 

l>eople  (if   Lil)ya. 
Quintillus.  i,  m.  (3/.  Aurelius)  (Juin- 

tillus,  brother  of    the  emperor  M. 

Aurelius  Claudius. 
Quintius,  i,  m.,  the  name  of  a  Roman 

gens.    See  Cinclnnatus.  Flamini- 

nus. 
quinto  [quintus],  num.  adv.,  for  the  , 

.///■///,  time.  \ 

quintus,  a,  um    [quinque],   num. 

adj.,  >/;/>. 
quippe,   adv.,   indeed,    as    you    see, 

surely. 
quique  =^  et  qui. 
Quirinalis,    is   (sc.   collis)   m.,   the 

Quirinal  Hill,  one  of  the  seven  hills 

of  Rome, 
quis.   qua,   quid,  indef.  pron.  used 

substantively,  some  one,  any  one, 

someth ing,  a n yth i ng. 
quisquam.  quaequam.  quicquam, 

indef.  pron.,  adj.,  or  noun,  any  one, 

nuy/hing,  any. 
quo    [qui],  adv.,  (1)    rel.,   whither, 

where;      (2)    interrog.,     whither? 


where?  (3)  indef.,  to  any  place,  any- 
where. 

j  quo  [qui],  conj.,  with  comparatives, 
in  order  that,  that,  that  thereby; 
quo  minus,  that  not. 

quod  [qui],  conj.,  because,  supj>os- 
ing  that,  in  that,  so  far  as :  quod 
si,  but  if. 

quondam,  adv.,  once,  formerly,  some- 
time. 

quoque,  conj.,  also,  too. 

quousque,  adv.,  till  when?  how 
longf  until  (late). 


Raetia.  ae,   f..  a    lioman    province 

south  of  the  Danube, 
rapid,  ere,  rapui.  raptus,  to  seize 
and  carry  ojt',   drag  qtf';  plunder, 
destroy. 

con  — corripio,  ere,  ui,  reptus, 
to  seize,  snatch  up,  grasp ;  collect, 
carry  off',  phDider. 

dis  — diripio,  ere,  ui,  reptus, 
to  tear  asunder,  ravage,  plunder. 

ex  — eripio,  ere.  ui,  reptus,  to 
take  or  snatch  away ;   rescue ;  de- 
prive. 
ratio,  onis  [reor.  (o  think],  f.,  reck- 
oning, calc ulation, account ;  method, 
plan. 
rationalis,  e  [ratio],  adj.,  of  or  6c- 
longing    to    accounts  ;    as    subst., 
rationalis,  is,  m.,  an  arcountant. 
ratus,  a,  um  [reor,  to  think],  adj., 
t hi, light  out,  deji lied,  fixed. 
^  Ravenna,  ae,  f.,  a  city  in  Ci.salpine 
I      Gaul. 

I  rebello,  see  bello. 
recedo.  see  cedo. 
I  recens.    entls.    adj.,    recent,    late, 
,      fresh. 

receptor,  oris  [reciplo],  m.,  a  har- 
borer,  concealer. 


±:\ 


VOCABULARY 


recipio,  see  capio. 

recog-nosco,  see  nosco. 

reconcilio,  are,  avi,  atus,  to  procure 
(i(/(iiit,  n;/o.iii  :  rcinntv,  reconcile. 

recorder,  ari,  atus  sum  [re  -f-  cor, 
heart],  to  reiDeniber,  recall. 

rectus,  a,  um  [rego],  mV}., straight, 
direct. 

recuso.  are,  avi,  atus  [re  + 
causa],  to  re/use,  object,  decline, 
lie  f<i  fate. 

redo,  see  do. 

redeo,  see  eo. 

redigo,  see  ago. 

redimo.  see  em5. 

reduce,  see  duco. 

refero, see  fero. 

reformo,  are,  ,  atus  [re  f  forma] , 
to  s/i<(j)e  (if/aiii,  reform,  change. 

refugio,  see  fugio. 

regina,  ae  [rex],  f.,  a  queen. 

regio,  onis  [regS],  f.,  a  direction  ; 
region,  territory/. 

regius,  a,  um  [rex],  adj.,  royal, 
kingly. 

regno,  are.  avi,  atus  [regnum], 
/o  he  king,  rnfc. 

regnum.  i  [rex],  n.,  kingship,  su- 
hrriiiiK'i/  :  kingdom ,  reign. 

rego.  ere.  rexi,  rectus,  to  regulate, 
ride,  conduct. 

ad  — adrigo,  ere,  rexi,  rectus. 
to  set  up,  raise,  erect ;  rouse,  en- 
courage. 

con  — corrigo,  ere,  rexi,  rec- 
tus, to  straighten,  correct,  im- 
prove. 

per  — pergo,  ere,  perrexi,  per- 
rectus,  to  go  straight  on,  proceed, 
hasten;  with  ace,  jntrsue  ivith 
vigor,  perform. 

reerredior,  see  *gradior. 

Rggulus,  i,  m., 

1.  M.  Atllius  Regulus,  consul  2()7 

B.C. 


2.  M.  Atllius  Regulus,  consul  25(5 

B.C. 

religio,  onis,  f..  soise  of  duty;  re- 
ligion, devotion  to  the  gods ;  scruple. 

relinquS,  ere,  liqui,  lictus  [re  + 
linquo,  to  leave],  to  leave  behind, 
leave  ;  bequeath;  appoint  by  icill. 

reliquiae,  arum  [relinquo],  pi.  f., 
remainder,  remnant,  residue. 

reliquus,  a,  um  [relinquo],  adj., 
ronaining,  rest. 

remando,  see  mando. 

remaneo.  see  maneo. 

remeo,  are,  avi,  — ,^j  go  back,  re- 
turn. 

remitto,  see  mitto. 

removes,  see  moveo. 

remus,  i,  ni.,  an  oar. 

Remus,  i,  ni.,  the  brother  of  Roninlus. 

renovo,  are,  avi,  atus  [re  + 
novus],    to    re  new. 

reparo,  see  par5. 

repente  [repens,  sudden],  adv.,  sud- 
denly. 

repentinus,  a,  um  [repens,  sud- 
iten],  adj.,  sudde)),  untxpected. 

reperio.  see  *pari6. 

repetd,  see  peto. 

repono.  sec  pono. 

reports,  see  *porto. 

reprehends,  see  *prehendS. 

repressor,  oris  [reprimS,  to  check], 
ni.,  a  restrainer,  represser. 

repudiS,  are,  avi,  atus,  to  cast  off, 
divorce :  reject,  scorn. 

res,  rei,  f.,  thing,  matter;  a  fair, 
deed,  exploit,  event;  circumstance  ; 
story;  property,  fortune;  trouble; 
res  familiaris,  private  property  ; 
res  publica,  the  commonwealth, 
state  ;  res  gestae,  exploits. 

reservS.  see  servS. 
resides.  s5e  sedeS. 
resists,  see  *sisto. 
respondeS,  see  spondeS, 


VnrwiUT.Any 


'')■)  ~ 


respSnsum,  i  [respondeo],  n.,  an 

ansirer. 
res  publica,  see  res. 
restituS,  see  *statuS. 
resumS,  see  sumS. 
rete,  is.  n.,  a  net,  snare. 
retineS,  see  teneS. 
retrS,  adv.,  backward,  behind. 
reus,  i,  ni.,  defendant,  accused  per- 
son ;  prisoner. 
revehS,  see  veho. 
reverentia,  ae    [re  +  vereor],    f., 

respect,  awe,  reverence. 
reverter,  see  *vertS. 
revocS,  see  vocS. 
rex,  regis  [regS],  ni.,  a  king. 
Rex,  Regis,  m.,  Q.  Murcius  Rex, con- 
sul lis  B.C. 
Rhea,  ae,  f.,  Rhea  Silvia,  the  mother 

of  Konuilus  and  Kenuis. 
Rhenus,  i,  m.,  the  Rhine. 
Rhodanus,  i,  ni.,  the  Rhone. 
Rhodii.  Srum,  pi.  m.,  the  Rhodians, 

the  people  of  the  island  of  Rhodes. 
Rhodopa,  ae,  f.,  a  lofty  mountain  in 

Til  race. 
Rhodus,  i,  f.,  Rhodes,  an  island  in 
the  eastern  part  of  the  Mediterra- 
nean Sea. 
ripa,  ae,  f.,  the  hank  of  a  river. 
ripensis,  e  [ripa],  adj.,  situated  or 
stationed  on  the  hanks  of  a  river ; 
Dacia    ripensis,    iJacia    on    the 
Danube. 
rogS,  are,  avi,   atus,   to    ask,    in- 
quire; request,  implore. 

ab  — abrogS,  are,  avi,  atus,  to 
appf'td ;  annul,  abrogate. 
RSma.  ae,  f.,  Royne. 
Romanus,  a,  um,  adj.,  Roman;  as 
sub.st.,  Romani,  Srum,  pi.  m.,  the 
Romans. 
RSmulus,  i,   m.,   the   son  of    Rhea 
Silvia    and    Mars,   the   founder    of 
Rome. 

HAZ.   EUTROPIUS 15 


rSstratus,  a,  um  [rSstrum],  adj., 
furnished  with  beaks. 

rostrum,  i,  n.,  the  beak  of  a  ship; 
pl..  the  Kostra  or  speaker's  platform 
in  the  Forum  (adi»rned  with  the 
beaks  of  captured  ships). 

ruber,  bra,  brum,  a<lj.,  red;  Rub- 
rum  mare,  the  Red  Sea. 

Rufinus,  i,  m.,  P.  Cornilius  RUrinus, 
consul  2!>0  b.c. 

Rufus,  i,  m.,  the  name  of  a  Roman 
family. 

1.  M.    Minucius    Riifus,    consul 
221  B.C. 

2.  {Q.)    Minucius    Riifus,  consul 

110  B.C. 

3.  P.  Sulpicius  (Riifus),  a  parti- 
san (if  Marius. 

rumps,  ere,  rupi,  ruptus,  to  break, 
destroy. 

con  — corrumpS,  ere,  rupi, 
ruptus,  to  destroy;  seduce,  bribe, 
corrupt. 

ex  — erumpS,  ere,  rupi,  rup- 
tus, to  break  forth  or  out,  burst 
forth. 

in  — inrumpS.  ere,  rupi,  rup- 
tus, to  break  in,  fall  upon ;  inter- 
rupt. 

rursus  or  rursum  [oris;,  revorsus; 
cf.  reverts],  adv.,  back;  again. 

rusticus,  a.  um  [rus,  the  country], 
adj.,  of  the  country,  rustic;  as 
subst.,  rusticani,  Srum,  pl.  m., 
countrymen. 

Rutihus,  i,  m.,  P.   Rutilius,  consul 

<K)  B.C. 

S. 

Sabini.  Srum,  pl.  m.,   the  Sabines, 

a  race  in  central   Italy,  adjoining 

Lntium  on  the  east. 
Sabinus,  i,  m., 

1.  Oppius  Sabinus,  a  Roman  j^en- 

eral  slain  by  Dacians    during  the 

reign  of  Domitian. 


220 


VOCABULARY 


2.  Q.   Titiirius  {Sabhnis),  a  lieu- 
tenant of  Caesar. 

3.  (Flarius)  Sabinus,  brother  (»f 
the  emperor  Vespasian. 

Bacer,  era,  crum,  adj.,  holy,  sacrefl ; 

as  suhst.,   sacrum,  I,   n.,   a   holy 

thing,  sacred  vessel;   pi.   religions 

ritrs,  sacridces. 
sacerdos,  otis  [sacer],  ni.  and  f., 

priesf,  priestess. 
sacrament um,  1  [sacro] ,  n.,  an  oath. 
*sacr5,  are,  avi,  atus,  to  set  apart ; 

bless :  cursp. 
con  —  consecro,  are,  avi,  atus, 

to  dedicate,  consecrate,  devote. 
ex  —  exsecror,  ari,  atus  sum, 

to  curse,  <d)linr. 
Ob  — obsecro,   are,  avi,   atus, 

to  implore,  supplicate. 
saepe.  ^i\\\,  frequently,  often. 
saevio,  ire,  ivi  (ii),  itus  [saevus], 

to  he  fierce  or  cruel,  rage ;  punish 

cruelly. 
saevitia,    ae     [saevus],    f  ,    fury, 

cruelty. 
saevus,  a,  um,  adj.,  raging,  fierce, 

cruel. 
sag-ax,  acis,  adj.,  of  quick  perception, 

sagacious,  keen-scented. 
sagitta.  ae,  f.,  arroiv. 
Sagittarius,    i    [sagitta],    m.,    an 

(irr/irr,  hmrma)!. 
Sag-untini,  orum,  pi.  m.,  the  inhabi- 
tants of  Saguntum. 
Saguntum,!,  n.,  a  city  on  the  eastern 

coast  of  Spain, 
salarius,  a,  um  [sal,  salt],  adj.,  of 

salt,  salty:  vxi  Saldria,   the  road 

from  R(mie  to  Reate. 
Salassi,  orum,  pi.  m.,  a  people  livinjj; 

ill  tlio  Alps. 
Salinator,  oris,  m  .   M.  Llvius  Sali- 

ndtor,  consul  210  B.C. 
Sallentini,  orum,  pi.  m.,  a  people  of 

Calabria  in  southern  Italy. 


I  Salonae.  arum,  pi.  f  ,  a  city  in  Dal- 
I      iiiatia. 

I  salto,  are,  avi.  atus,  to  dance,  le<ip 
j  saluto,     are,     avi,    atus     [salus, 
health],  to  ivish  one   health,  greet, 
salute,  visit. 

Salvius,  i,  m  ,  see  lulianus. 

salvus,  a,  um,  adj.,  well,  safe, 
sound. 

Samnites,  um,  dr.  ace.  pi.  Samni- 
tas,  pi,  m.,  the  Samnites,  a  branch 
of  the  Sabine  race  inhabitinfj  the 
mountains  southeast  of  Latium. 

Samnium,  i,  n.,  a  division  of  middle 
Italy. 

Samus,  1,  f .,  an  island  in  the  Mediter- 
ranean Sea,  near  the  coast  of  Asia 
Minor. 

sanguinarius,  a,  um  [sanguis], 
adj.,  bloodtlilrsty,  bloody,  sangui- 
nary. 

sanguis,  inis,  m.,  blood. 

Sapor,  oris,  m.,  the  name  of  several 
Persian  kings. 

1.  Sapor  I.,  240-273  a.d. 

2.  Sapor  II.,  310-381  a.d. 
Sardi,  orum,  pi.  ni  ,  the  Sardinians, 

inhabitants  of  the  island  of  Sardinia. 
Sardica,    ae,   f.,  a   city    in    Lower 

Moesia. 
Sardinia,  ae,  f.,  Sardinia,  an  island 

in  the  Mediterranean  Sea,  west  of 

Italy. 
Sardinienses,  ium,  pi.  m.,  the  Sar- 
dinians, inhabitants  of  the  island  of 

Sardinia. 
Sarmatae,  arum,   pi.    in.,    the    in- 

liahitnnts  of  Sarinatia. 
Sarmatia.  ae,  f.,  Sarmatia,  now  the 

eastern    part    of    Poland    and    the 

southern  part  of  Russia  in  Europe. 
Saturninus.  i,  m.,  one  of  the  Thirty 

Tyrants, 
saucio,  are,  avi,  atus  [saucius],  to 

loound. 


VOC.VBT'LAPvY 


Sauromatae,  arum,  pi.  m.,  a  people 
of  Asia  dwelling  on  the  Tana'is. 

Saxones.  um,  pi.  m.,  the  Saxons. 

saxum,  i.  n.,  «  stone,  rock,  boulder. 

*scand6.  ere.  — ,  — ,  to  climb,  mon„t. 
ad  —  ascendo,  ere,  i,  scensus. 
to  climb  up,  mount,  ascend. 

con  —  conscendo,  ere,  i,  scen- 
sus, to  mount,  ascend ;  go  on  board. 

Scaevola,  ae,  m.,  Q.  Milcius  Scae- 
cola,  consul  117  b.(". 

sceleratus,   a,   um   [scelus],  adj.. 
wicked,  infamous. 

scelus.  eris,  n.,  a  sin,  crime. 

scena,  ae.  f.,  n  stage. 

scientia.  ae  [scio],   f.,    knowledge, 
skill. 

scilicet  [scire  +  licet],  adv.,  plainly, 
of  course,  »lonhtless. 

scio,  ire,    scivi,  scitus,    to    kmnr, 
understand 

Sciplo,  onis,  ni.,  the  name  of  one  of 
the  most  illustrious  familiesof  Rome. 

1.  Cornelius  Scipio,  consul  83  u.c. 

2.  Cn.  C'or/iflius  Sclpiii,  consul  222 

B.C. 

3.  L.  ( Ciu'ncliu.s)  Scipio,  consul  25t> 

B.C. 

4.  p.  Cornelius  Scipio,  consul  218 


B.C. 

5. 


P 
P 


Cornelius  Scipio,  consul  191 
Cornelius  Scipif,,  praetor  lt4 


B.r, 

<i. 
B.C. 

7.  /*.  Cornelius  SripiO  Africdnus, 
con.sul  205  B.C.,  the  con<iiieror  of 
Hannibal  in  tiie  First  Puni<*  War. 

8.  /*.  Cornelius  Scipio  Africdnus 
(Min(ir),vonsn]  147  «.<•.    He  brought 
the  Tiiird  Punic  War  to  a  close  by  j 
capturing  and  destroying  Carthage.  ' 

H.  L.  Cornelius  Scipio  Asidgenes, 
consul  8-3  B.C.  i 

10.  /*.  (Cornelius)  Scipio  Xdsica, 
consul  !•]  B.C.  j 


Scordisci.  orum,  pi.  ni.,  a  Thracian 
j      i>eople. 
scriba,  ae  [scribo],  f.,  a  derk,  sec- 
retory. 

scribo,  ere,   scripsi,   scriptus,   to 
write. 

I  de  -  describe,  ere,  scripsi, 
scriptus,  to  copy  ofi',  sketch,  de- 
scribe. 

pro  — proscribo.  ere,  scripsi, 
scriptus,  to  ofier  for  sale ;  pro- 
scribe, outline. 

Scribonius,  i,  m.,  see  Curio. 

scriniura,  i,  n..  a  case,  box  (especially 
for  books  and  papers). 

Scythae.  arum,  pi.  m.,  a  wandering 
tribe  of  Kuro[>e  and  Asia  north  ol 
the  Black  and  Caspian  Seas. 

se.  sec  sui. 

sectio,  onis,  f.,  «  sale  at  auction 
of  confiscated  property. 

secundo  [secundusj,  adv., /or  the 
second  time. 

secundus,  a,  um  [sequor],  adj., 
second ;  favorable,  .'Successful. 

Secundus,  I,  m.,  Pefrdnius  Secundum; 
a  itartisan  ol  Nei-\n. 

securitas,  atis  [securus, //-ee  from 
care],  f  ,  freedom  from  care,  secur- 
ity. 

sad,  conj.,  but :  yet. 

sedeo,    ere.    sedi,    sessus,   to   sit, 
settle,  remain,  be  encamped. 
ob  —  obsideo,  ere,  sedi,  sessus, 

to  besiege,  occupy  ;    nuitch  closely. 

re  —  reside©,  ere,  sedi,  — ,  to  sit 

hack,  remain  sitting,  be  left  behind, 

remain. 
sedes,  is  [vf.  sedeo].  f.,  seat,  chair; 

residence,  abode. 
seditio,  onis  [sed  f  itio,  from  e6], 

f  ,  disse/isivn,  rehi'llion,  remit. 
seditiose  [seditio] .  adv.,  seditious/ y. 
Seleucia,  ae,  f  , 

1.  A  city  in  Assyria. 


228 


VOCABULARY 


2,  A  city  in  Cilieia. 

3.  A  city  ill  Syria. 

sella,  ae  [sedeoj,  f.,  a  seat,  chair. 

semel,  adv.,  once. 

semiharhSLVUs,!,  n\.,  semi-barbarian. 

semper,  adv.,  always. 

Sempronius,  I,  m.,  P.  Seinpronius, 
consul  2G8  B.C.  See  Blaesus, 
Gracchus. 

Sena,  ae,  f.,  a  city  in  Umbria  in 
Italy. 

senator,  oris  [senatus],  m.,  a  sen- 
ator. 

senatus,  us  [cf.  senex],  m,,  council 
of  elders,  senate,  in  the  time  of  tlie 
kings  a  mere  advisory  body,  called 
together  by  the  king  when  he  de- 
sired advice,  bnt  later  the  chief 
power  in  tlie  Roman  state. 

senectus,  utis  [senex],  f.,  old  age. 

senesco.  ere,  senui,—,  [senex],  ^o 
(/row  old. 

«^on  — consenesco,  ere,  senui, 
—  .  to  grow  old . 

senex.  gen.  senis,  adj.,  old:  comp. 
senior,  elder;  sup.  maximus 
(natu),  eldest.  As  subst.,  senex, 
senis,  m.,  an  old  man;  seniores, 
uni.  pi.  m.,  the  elders  (men over  45) . 

senior,  sec  senex. 

Senones.  um,  pi.  m.,  a  people  of 
Celtic  (h\\\\. 

Senones,  um,  pi  m.,  the  chief  city 
(»f  the  Senones. 

sententia, ae  [sentio],  f.,  anopinion, 
judgment ;  sense. 

sentio,  ire.  sensi.  sensus,  to  discern 
by  sense,  feel :  see,  perceire. 

ad  —  adsentor.  ari,  atus  sum, 
to  (^s'.'*">?^  trotter,  fairu. 

con  — consentio,     ire,     sensi, 
sensus.  to  agree,  conspire,  plot. 

Sentius.  i,  m.,  On.  Sentins,  a  Roman 
general  during  the  reign  of  the  em- 
peror Claudius. 


sepelio,  ire,  ivi   (ii),  sepultus,  to 

bury,  inter. 
septem,  indecl.  num.  adj.,  .seven. 
September,  bris,  m.,  Septetnber,  the 

seventh  month  of  the  year  begin- 
ning with  March, 
septendecim    [septem -f  decem], 

indecl.  num.  adj.,  seve)itee)i. 
septennium,  i   [septem  +  annus], 

n.,  the  space  of  .seven  years. 
Septimius.  i,  m.,  see  Severus. 
Septimus,   a,  um  [septemj,  num. 

adj.,  seventh. 
septingentesimus,  a,  um  [septin- 

g-enti,  seven  hundred],  num.  adj., 

seveii  hundredth. 
septuagenarius,   a,  um    [septua- 

gintaj,  num.  adj.,  of  or  belonging 

to  the  number  seventy. 
septuagesimus,    a,  um    [septua- 

ginta],  num.  adj.,  .seventieth. 
septuaginta  [septem],  indecl.  num. 

adj.,  seventy. 
sepultura,  ae  [sepelio],  f.,  burial, 

fiDicral. 
Sequani,  orum,  pi.  m.,an  important 

tribe  in  eastern  Gaul  north  of  the 

Rhone, 
sequor,  i,  secutus  sum,  to  follow, 

pursue  ;  ensue. 
con  — consequor,    i,    seciatus 

sum,  to  }^ursue,  overtake;  arrive; 

obtain. 
in  — insequor,  i,  secutus  sum, 

to  pursue ,  follow  up. 
ob  — obsequor,      i,      secutus 

sum,    to    submit    to,    indulge    in, 

assist. 
per  — persequor,     i,     secutus 

sum,  to  pursi/p,  pro.secute ;  relate. 
pro  —  prosequor,    i,    secutus 

sum,  to  follow   after,  pursue,  ad- 
dress. 
Serapium,  i,  n.,  Serapium,  the  temple 

of  Serapis. 


\  i  n 


H_  Aljl   i..V  K  1 


o.» 


Serdica,   ae,   f.,  a  town   in    Upper 

Moesia,  the  modern  Sofia. 
Sergius,  i,  m.,  see  Catilina. 
serious,  a,  um,  adj.,  of  silk,  silken. 
sermo,  onis,  m.,  talk,  conversation, 

di.'<ciiKrse. 
*ser6,  ere,  —  ,  tus,  to  bind  together. 
ad  — adsero,   ere,  ui,    tus,    to 
claim,  lay  claim  to. 

con  — consero.  ere.  ui,  tus,  to 
join  in  battle  ;  conserere  maniis. 
to  fight  hand  to  hand. 

de  — desero,  ere,  ui,  tus,  to 
leave,  abandon,  desert. 

in  — insero,    ere,    ui,    tus,    to 
fasten  into;  insert. 
Sertorius,   i,   m.,    Q.    Sertorius,    an 
otHcer  in  the  army  of  Marius.    He 
went  to  Spain  as  propraetor  in  82 
B.C.  and  maintained  an  independent 
command  until  his  death  in  72  B.C. 
Servilius,  i,  m.,  Q.  Servilius,  consul 
',k}5    B.C.      See     Caepio,    Casca, 
Vatia. 
servio,  Ire,  ivi  (ii),  itus,  to  be  the 
slave  of,  devote  one's  self  to;  have 
regard  to. 
Servius.  i,  m.,  see  Tullius. 
servitium,  i  [servus],  n.,  slavery; 

slave.s. 
servitus,  utis  [servus],  f.,  slavei-y. 
servo,  are,  avi,  atus,  to  save,  pre- 
serve, watch. 

con- cSnservo.  are,  avi,  atus, 
to  keep  .sdfi',  pr>strre. 

re  — reserve,  are,  avi,  atus,  to 
keep  back,  reserve,  preserve. 
servus,  i,  m.,  a  slave,  servant. 
sese,  see  sui. 

sestertius,  i  [semis,  half,-{-terti\is], 
m.,    (sc.  nummus),  a  sesterce,  a  I 
small  silver  coin  equivalent  origi- 1 
nally  to  tw<»  and  one-half  as.ses,  but 
later  worth    about   four  cents.     In 
naming    large    sums    the    Romans ' 


spoke  of  "  so  many  times  a  hundred 
thousand  sestertii"  {centina  milia 
sestertium) . 

severe  [severus],  adv.,  sup.  seve- 
rissime ;  .strictly,  .severely. 

severissime,  see  severe. 

severitas,  atis  [severus],  f.,  strict- 
ness, .severity,  sternne.ss. 

severus,  a,  um,  adj.,  serious,  strict, 
harsh. 

Severus,  i,  m., 

1.  (/>.)  Seiitimius  Severus,  R^nnaiu 
emperor  103-211  a.d. 

2.  {Flavius  Valerius)  Sev€ruf<,K(h' 
man  emperor  30(>-307  a.d. 

sex,  indecl.  num.  adj.,  six. 

Sex.,  abbreviation  of  the  praeuomeii 

Sextus. 
sexagenarius,  a,  um  [sexaginta], 

num.  adj.,  belonging  to  sixty  ;  maior 

sexagenario,    older    than     sirty 

yrars. 

sexagesimus,  a,  um  [sexaginta], 

num.  adj.,  sirtietb. 
sexaginta  [sex],  indecl.  num.  adj., 

sixty. 
sexcentesimus,  a  um  [sexcenti], 

num.  adj.,  six  hundredth. 
sexcenti,  ae,    a    [sex  4- centum], 

num.  adj.,  six  hundred. 
sexdecim  or  sedecim    [sex  -j-  de- 
cem], indecl.  num.  adj.,  sixteen. 
sexies  [sex],  num.  adv.,  six  times. 
Sextus,  i,  m.,  Sextus  Chaeronensis,  a 

teacher  of  Antoninus  Pius, 
sextus,    a,    um    [sex],  num.   adj., 

sixth. 
si,  conj.,  if  whether :  quod  si,  but  if. 
sic,  adv.,. so,  thus;  sic  .  .  .  \it,justas. 
Sicilia.  ae,  f.,  the  island  of  Sicily. 
Siculi,  orum.  pi.  m.,  the  inhabitants 

(f  Sicily. 
sicut  [sic  +  ut],  in\v.,ju.st  as. 
sido,  ere,  — ,  — ,  to  seat  one's  self,  sit 
down. 


230 


V<  )CABULA 


con  — consid5,  ere,  sedi,  ses- 

sus,   to  Sit  doivii;   settle,  encamp, 

tdkp  a  posit io)i. 
sig-niflco,  are,  avi.  atus  [signum 

+  facioj,    to    make    signs,    show: 

point  out,  indicate. 
sigrnum,  i,  n.,  sign,  signal;  military 

standard,  ensign  ,  statue,  image. 
Silanus,  i,  m.,  a  celebrated  Roman 


family. 

1.  D.  Ifinins  Silanus,  consul  ()2  b.c. 

2.  M.    lunius     Sild/ius,     consul 
100  K.C. 

Silvanus,  i,  m.,  a  Roman  who  revolted 
in  Gaul  during  the  reign  of  the  em- 
peror Constantius. 
Silvia,  see  Rhea, 
similis,  e,   adj.,    sup.    simillimus ; 

like,  si)iiilar. 
8imul,  adv.,  at  the  same  time  ;  simul 

atque  or  ac,  as  soon  as. 
sine,  prep,  with  abl,,  loithout. 
Sing-ara,  ae,  f..  a  city  in  Mesopotamia, 

on  the  Tigris, 
singularis.  e  [singuli],  adj.,  one  by 
one, single,  individual;  remarkable, 
singular,  unparalleled. 
singruli,  ae,  a,  adj.,  one  at  a  time,  one 

"piece,  single. 
sinister,  tra,  trum,  adj.,  left. 
sino.  ere,  sivi,  situs,  to  put,  place; 
pernnf,  let. 

de  —  deslno,  ere,  sivi  (ii) ,  situs, 
fn  rrn.'^e,  stop. 
Sinope,  es,  f.,  a  city  in  Paphlagonia, 

(HI  tho  Black  Sea. 
Sipylus,  i,  m.,  a  mountain  in  Lydia. 
Sinnium,  i,  n.,  a  city  in  Lower  Pan- 

nonia. 
*sist6.  ere,  stiti,  status,  to  cause  to 
stand,  place,  .^pt ;  sttind. 

con  — consisto.  ere.  stiti,—,  to 

stand,  trike  pn.^ition  (of  an  army)  : 

stop,  half ;  be  firm,  endure,  continue. 

ex  — exsisto,  ere,  stiti,  — ,  to 


make  come  out ;  appear,  arise,  pro- 
ject, exist. 
[        re  —  resist©,  ere,  stiti,  — ,  to  op- 

po.^e,  v^ithstand,  resist. 
situs,  a,  um   [orig.  part,  of  sino], 

adj.,  placed,  .situate,  lying. 
Smyrna,    ae,   f.,  one    of    the   most 
flourishing  and  important  sea-ports 
of  Asia  Mim)r. 
I  socer,  eri,  m.,  father-in-law. 
socialis,  e  [sociusj,  adj.,  social. 
socius,  i,  ni.,  a  comrade,  ally,  con- 

fcdprate. 
socordia,  ae,  f.,  dulln€,ss,  careleiss- 

ness  :  laziness,  indolence. 
sol,  s51is,  m.,  the  sun;  Sol,  Soils, 

m.,  the  Sun-god. 
solitudo,  inis  [solus],  f.,  loneliness; 

Intirty  place,  wilderness. 
sellers,  ertis,  adj.,  .skillful,  e.rpn-f. 
sollicito,  are,  avi,  atus  [sollicitus, 
agitated],    to    urge,    incite,   tempt, 
solicit. 
sollicitudo.     inis    [sollicitus,    agi- 
tated], {.,  uneasiness  of  mind,  care, 
anxiety. 
solum,  i.  n.,  the  ground,  soil. 
solum  [solus],  adv  ,  onh/. 
solus,  a,  um.  gen.  solius,  dat.  soli, 

adj.,  tnily,  al'inr. 
solvo,  ere,  solvi,  solutus,  to  loose; 
set  .'iail ;  annul :  pay  ;  unseal,  open. 
I  Sophanene,   es,    f.,  or    Sophene,  a 

division  of  Armenia  Maior. 
soror,  oris,  f.,  a  sister. 
Sp.,  abbreviation  of  the  praenonicn 

Spurius. 
Spartacus,  i,  m.,  a  Roman  gladiator 
who  led  an  insurrection  of  gladiators 
and  slaves,  73  b.c. 
spatiosus,  a,  um  [spatium,  space] , 
adj.,  roomy,  of  great  extent,  ample, 
erfensivr. 
*speci6,  ere,  spexi,  — ,  (obsolete), 
to  look. 


V()CAIirL\]!Y 


o^ 


'2\] 


ad  —  adspicio,  ere,  spexi,  spec- 

tus,  to  look  at,  crxiidue,  inspect. 
con  —  conspicio,    ere,    spexi, 

spectus,   to   catch    sight    of,  spy; 

see. 
spectaculum,i  [specto,  to  look  at], 

n.,  II  s'unv,  .spectacle. 
specto,    are,   avi,    atus    [freq.    of 

♦specioj,  to  look  at,  v:utch,  behold. 
ex  — exspecto,  are,  avi,  atus, 

to  look  out  for,  waif  for,  await. 
speculator,  oris,  m.,  a  spy. 
spes,  ei,  f.,  hope,  ex.spectation. 
spolium.  i.  n.,  spoil,  booty. 
spondeo,  ere,  spopondi,  sponsus, 

to  promise. 

re  — respondeo,  ere,   i,   spon- 
sus, to  answer,   reply;   correspond 
to,  agree  with . 
sponte  [a])l.  of  spons,  obs.],  f.,  ?»o/- 
nntarily ;  with  mea,  tua,  or  sua, 
of  my,  your,  or  his  own  free  will. 
stadium,  i,  n.,  a  stade,  stadium,  fur- 
long, tRH).5  English  feet ;  «  course  for 
footraces;    race  cour.se ;    Stadium, 
the  race  course  built  by  Domitian. 
statim    [sto],    adv.,    instantly,    at 

once. 
Static,  onis  [sto].  f.,  n  picket,  guard. 
stativus,  a,  um  [sto],  ad].,  perma- 
nent, stationary ;  castra  stativa, 
a  permanent  camp. 
statua,  ae  [sto],  a  statue,  im<(ge. 
*statu6,  ere,  i,  utus  [sto],  to  cause 
to  .<itand,  .set  up,  place;  determine; 
determine  on;  arrange,  appoint. 

con  —  constituo.  ere.  i.  utus, 
to  set  up,  erect ;  .set  in  order,  organ- 
ize;  arrange,  appoint ;  rcsolrc. 

de  — destituo,  ere,  i,  utus.  to 
set  down,  dp/tosif. 

in  — instituo,  ere.  i,  utus,  to  set 
in  place,  arrange ;  found,  establi.th  ; 
determine,  undertake,  begin  ;  train, 
teach. 


pro  — prostituo,  ere,  i,  utus, 
to  set  forth  in  public,  expose ;  d;.s- 
honor,  prostitute,  offer  for  sale. 

re  — restituo,  ere,  i,  utus,  to 
set  up  again,  replace,  restore,  re- 
instate ;  repair,  remedy,  save. 

status,  us  [sto],  m.,. state, position, 
rank. 

Stella,  ae,  f.,  o  star. 

stercus,  oris,  n.,  dung,  excrement, 
manure. 

sterno,  ere,  stravi,  stratus,  to  Iny 
low,  scatter ;  pave. 

stilus,  i.  m..  stilus,  pen. 

stipendiarius.  a,  um  [stipendium] , 
adj.,  trihntiiry,  paying  tribute. 

Stipendium,  i  [stips,  gift  +  pendo], 
n.,  a  payment ;  salary,  pay  ;  cam- 
paign. 

Stipes,  itis.  m.,  a  log,  .stock,  post, 
trunk. 

*st6,  are,  steti,  status,  to  stand, 
take  the  part  of,  stand  firm  ;  con- 
tinue. 

ad  —  asto,  are,  stiti,  — .  to  .stand 
at,  be  at  houd. 

in  — insto,  are,  stiti,  staturus, 
to  draw  near,  be  present ;  press  on, 
pursue. 

prae  — praesto.  are,  stiti,  sti- 
tus,  to  shinr  ;  be.stow,  supply ;  sur- 
f,a.ss:  be  J, referable ;  do,  perform. 

Stoicus.  a.  um,  adj..  Stoic. 

Stolide.  adv..  stui rally,  stolidly, 

strangrulo.  are,  avi,  atus,  to  stran- 
gle, throttle,  kill. 

Stratonice,  es,  f.,  a  city  in  Caria  in 
Asia  Minor. 

strenue      [strenuus],     adv.,     stip. 
strenuissime.  rigor<,usly. 

strenuissime.  see  strenue. 

strenuus,  a,  um,  a.lj.,  brisk,  active, 
vigorous. 

strictim,  adv.,  superficially,  summa- 
rily, briefly. 


232 


VOf  \n!'LARY 


studeo,  ere,  ui,  — ,  to  be  eager,  take 
pains  about,  pay  attention  to  ;  wish, 
try  ;  favor. 
studiose  [studiosus,  eager],  adv., 

eagerly,  zealoaslii. 
studium,  i  [studeo],  n.,  zeal,  enthu- 
siasm; desire,  pursuit,  study ;  good 
loill,  affection. 
stupro.  are,  avi,  atus  [stuprum], 

to  debauch,  dishonor. 
stuprum,  i,  n.,  debauchery,  defile- 
ment, dishonor. 
suadeo,  ere,  suasi,  suasus,  to  ad- 
vice, urge,  exhort. 
yub.  prep,  with  ace,  under,  toioards, 
until,  after;    with  abl.,  v)ider,  be- 
neath, at  the  foot  of,  close  to;  in 
tie  reign  of. 
subicio,  see  *iaci6. 
subigro,  see  ago. 
subito  [subitus],  adv.,  suddenly. 
-cubitus,  a,  II m   [subeoj,  adj.,  sud- 
den, unexpected. 
subiugo.    are,    avi,    atus     [sub  + 
iugumj,  to  bring  under  the  yoke; 
suf>J''rt,  subjugate. 
sublatus,  see  tollo. 
submoveo,  see  moveo. 
subtilis,  e,  adj.,  nice,  precise,  accu- 
rate, subtle. 
suburban  us.   a.   um    [urbs],   adj., 

)i(:ar  the  city,  suburban. 
subvenio,  see  venio. 
duccedo,  see  ced5. 
successor,   oris  [succedo],   m.,  a 

fo/lower,  .vfccessor. 
successu-^,    us   [succedS],  m.,  fa- 
vorable outcome,  success. 
sudor,  oris   [sudo,   to    siveat],   m., 

sireKt ;  fatigue. 
Suessa,  ae,  f.,  Suessa  Pumetia,  a  <-ity 

of  the  Volsci,  in  Latiuni. 
Suevi.  orum,  pi.  m.,  a  confederacy 

of  German  tribes. 
Suevia,  ae,  f.,  Suevia,  the  laud  of 


the    Suevi,    modern    Bavaria    and 

Wurtemberg. 
sui,  gen.,  sibi,  dat.,  se  (sese),  ace. 

and  abl.,  reflex,  pron.,  sing,  and  pi., 

himself,  herself,  itself,  themselves. 
Sulla,  ae,  m.,  L.  Coryielius  Sulla,  sur- 

named  Felix,  consul  88  b.c. 
Sulpicius,  i,  m., 

1.  C.  Sulpicius,  dictator  304  b.c. 

2.  P.  Sulpicius,  consul  279  b.c. 

3.  P.  Sulpicius,  consul  211  b.c. 
See  Rufus. 

sum,  esse,fui,  futurus,  to  be,  exist, 
live;  with  gen.,  belonging  to,  be  a 
part  of;  be  true,  be  so ;  happen,  take 
place  ;  with  dat.,  have,  possess. 

ab  — absum,  esse,  afui,  — ,  to 
be  aicay  or  absent,  be  far  from ; 
prope  abesse,  to  be  at  no  great 
distance,  be  near. 

in  — insum,  inesse,  infui,  — ,  to 
be  in  or  on;  belong  to. 

inter  — intersum,  esse,  fui,  — , 
to  be  present  at,  take  part  in. 

prae  — praesum,  praeesse,  fui, 
— .  to  be  over  or  before ;  rule,  gov- 
ern, be  in  command  of . 

pro  — prosum,  prodesse,  pro- 
fui,  — ,  to  benefit,  profit,  aid. 

super  — supersum,  esse,    fui, 
— ,  to  be  over  and  above,  remain ; 
survive,  outlire. 
summus,  see  superus. 
sumo,  ere,  sumpsi,   sumptus,   to 
use  up,  spend. 

con  — consume,  ere,  sumpsi, 
sumptus,  to  use  up  ;  devour,  waste  ; 
destroy  ;  spend,  pass ;  7ise,  employ. 
re  —  resume,  ere,  sumpsi, 
sumptus,  to  take  up  again,  take 
back,  resume. 
sumptus,   us    [sumo],   m.,   outlay, 

expense. 
supellex    or    supellectilis,   is,    f., 
household  stufi',  furniture. 


VUCAni   LA!;V 


.loo 


super,  prep,  with  ace,  over,  above, 
upon,  in  addition  to;  with  abl., 
over,  above,  upon,  on ;  about,  of, 
concerning. 
superbia,  ae  [superbus],  f,,  haugh- 
tiness, pride. 
superbus,    a,    um,    adj.,   haughty, 

]irou'/,   august. 
superfluus,  a,  um  [super +  flu6], 
adj.,  runniitg  over,  superfluous ;  un- 
necessary. 
superior,  see  superus. 
supero,  are,  avi,  atus  [super],  to 
pass  over  or  around,  overcome,  con- 
quer; survive. 
supersum,  see  sum. 
superus,  a,  um  [super],  adj.,  above, 
on   high;    comp.,    superior,    ius, 
upper,    higher,    earlier,    superior; 
victorious;  elder;  sup.  summus, 
a,  um,  highest,  chief,  utmost. 
supervenio,  see  venio. 
supplicium,  i   [supplex,  a  suppli- 
ant],   u.,    punishment,    execution, 
torture. 
supra,    adv.    and    prep,    with    ace, 

above,  over,  before,  on. 
Surena,  ae,  m..   a  general    of   the 
Parthians  who  defeated  Crassus  in 
!')A  B.C. 
suscipio.  see  capio. 
suspectus,  a,   um    [orig.    part,  of 
suspicioj,    adj.,    mistrusted,    sus- 
pected. 
suspicio,  onis  [suspicio,  to  suspect], 

f.,  d/.-^trusf,  siispirion. 
sustineo,  see  teneS. 
sustuli,  see  tollo. 

Sutrini,  orum,  pi.  ni.,  the  inhabi- 
tants  of  Sutrium,  a  city  in  Etruria 
in  Italy, 
suus,  a.  um  [sui],  pron.  adj.,  his 
own,  her  own,  its  own,  their  oicn ; 
his,  hpr,  its,  their;  as  snbst.,  sui, 
orum,   pi.  m.,  his  (their)  friends, 


followers,    soldiers    or   fellow-citi- 
zens. 

Symiasera,  ae,  f.,  the  mother  of 
Heliogabalus. 

Syphax,  acis,  m.,  a  king  of  Nu- 
niidia. 

Syracusani,  5rum,  pi.  m.,  the  in- 
habitants of  Syracuse,  a  Greek  city 
in  Sicily. 

Syracusanus,  a,  um,  adj..  belong, 
ing  to  Syracuse;  urbs  SyracQ- 
sana,  the  city  of  Syracu^^e. 

Syria,  ae,  f . ,  Syria ,  a  country  of  Asia , 
on  the  eastern  coast  of  the  Medi- 
terranean Sea. 

Syriacus,  a,  um,  adj.,  belonging  to 
Syria,  Syrian ;  Syriacumbellum 
Syro-Aetolian  war,  192-189  b.c. 

T. 

T.,  abbreviation  of  the  praenomen 
Titus. 

tabula,  ae,  L,  a  board,  plank;  pic- 
ture (sc.  picta,  painted);  ivriting 
tablet ;  record,  list. 

Tacitus,  i,m.,  (3/.  Claudius)  Tacitus, 
Roman  emperor  275-27G  a.d. 

Taifali.  orum,  pi.  m.,  a  tribe  of 
Dacia. 

talentum,  i,  n.,  a  talent,  a  Greek 
money  measure  worth  about 
SI 100. 

tails,  e,  i{(\].,such,  of  such  a  kind; 
talis  .  .  .  qualis,  such,  .  .  .  a.«. 

tarn,  adv.,  to  such  a  degree,  so  much, 
as  much,  so;  tam  .  .  .  quam,  as 
.  .   .  so,  not  only  .  .  .  but  also. 

tamen,  adv.,  yet,  still,  for  all  that, 
all    the   same,    however,    neverthe- 
less. 
tamquam,  adv.  and  conj.,  as,  as  if, 

as  though. 
tandem,    adv.,    at    length,    at    la.^t, 

finally. 


■^:ll 


vnr.\  lU'LARY 


»tang-6,    ere,    tetigrl,    tactus,     to 
touch  ;  reach  to. 

ad  — attingro,  ere,  iigi,  tactus, 
to  border  on,  touch,  attain. 

con  —  conting-6,  ere,  tig-i,  tac- 
tus, to  touch,  reach ;  occur,  happen  to. 

tantum  [tantus],  adv.,  so  much  (and 
no  more),  only,  merely. 

tantus.  a,  um,  adj.,  so  great,  such. 

Tarentini,  orum,  pi.  m.,  the  inhabi- 
tants of  Tarentum. 

Tarentuni,  i,  n.,  a  flouri-shing  Greek 
city  on  the  .southern  coast  of  Italy. 

Tarqulnius,  i,  ni.,  the  name  of  a  gens 
in  early  Konie,  said  to  have  come 
from  Etruria. 

1.  (/>.)  Tarquinius  Priscus,  the 
fifth  king  of  Rome,  61(5-578  b.c. 

2.  L.  Tarquinius  Superbus,  the 
son  of  Priscus,  the  last  king  of 
Rome,  5.34-510  B.C. 

3.  {Sextus)  Tarquinius,  son  of  (2). 

4.  (L.)  Tarquinius  Colldtlnus, 
cousin  of  (8),  and  husband  of  Lu- 
cretia,  consul  501)  b.c. 

Tarraco,  onis,  f.,  a  city  in  Spain. 

Tarsus,  i,  f.,  a  city  in  Cilicia  in  Asia 
Minor. 

Tauromenitani,  orum,  pi.  m.,  the 
inhabitants  of  Tauromenium,  a  city 
on  file  eastern  coast  of  Sicily. 

Taurus,  i,  m.,  a  mountain  range  in 
Asia  Minor. 

taxo,  are,  avi,  atus  [freq.  of  tango] , 
to  touch  sharply,  harass,  vex. 

tectorium,  i  [tego.  (o  cover]  n.,  a 
covering,  cover;  plastering. 

Telesinus,  i,  m.,  Pontius  Telesinus, 
commander  of  the  Samnites  in  the 
wn  r  against  Sulla.   See  Notes,  p.  1(52. 

temerltas,  atis  [temere,  rashly], 
f.,  rashness,  heedlessness,  temerity. 

terapestas,  atis  [tempusj,  i.,  point 
of  time,  period  of  time ;  storm,  tem- 
pest. 


templum.  i,  n.,  a  sacred  spot ;  temple. 

tempto,  are,  avi,  atus  [freq.  of 
tendo],  to  touch,  handle;  try,  at- 
tempt :  sound,  try  to  ivin  over. 

tempus,  oris,  n.,  time,  period,  sea- 
son; opportunity,  occasion. 

tenax,  acis  [teneo],  adj.,  holding 
fast,  tenacious ;  firm,  steadfast, per- 
sistent. 

tendo,  ere,  tetendi,  tentus,  and 
tensus.  to  spread  out,  stretch  ;  in- 
sidias  tendere,  to  lay  a  trap  for, 
plot  against. 

con  —  contend©,  ere,  i,  tentus, 
to  stretch ;  exert  one's  self,  strive, 
insist;  hasten,  march  quickly. 

ob(s)  — ostendo,  ere,  i,  tentus, 
to  stretch  out,  shoiv ;  produce,  fur- 
nish ;  disclose,  7nake  knoivn. 
teneo,  ere,  ui,  tentus,  to  hold,  keep, 

possess;   maintain,  guard,  defend; 
seize. 

ab  — abstineo,  ere,  ui,  tentus, 
to  hold  buck  or  from;  keep  aloof 
from;  refrain  from,  abstain. 

con— contineo,  ere,  ui,  tentus, 
to  hold,  keep,  contain;  restrain, 
rule,  curb. 

ob  — obtineo,  ere,  ui,  tentus, 
to  hold,  possess ;  rule,  govern. 

re  — retineo,  ere,  ui,  tentus, 
to  hold  or  keep  (back)  ;  retain, 
detain. 

sub(s)  — sustineo,  ere,  ui,  ten- 
tus, to  hold  up,  support,  sustain; 
bear,  endure,  hold  in  check,  restrain. 
ter,  num.  adv.,  three  times. 
Terentius.  i,  m.,  see  Varro. 
Itergum,   i,  n.,  the  back;   tergum 
I     vertere,  tofiee. 
'  terminus,  i,  n.,  the  end,  boundary. 
terra,  ae,  f.,  the  earth:  kuid ;  terri- 
tory, country. 
terrester,  tris,  tre    [terra],    adj., 
of  the  earth  or  land. 


\ULAiil  L.\l;  V 


:?8n 


terribilis,  e  [terreo] ,  ad].,  frightful, 
dreadful. 

territorium,  i  [terra],  u.,  a  terri- 
tory, do)nain. 

terror,  oris  [terreo],  m.,/ertr,  terror. 

tertia  [tertius],num.  adv.,  the  third 
titnc. 

tertius,  a,  um  [cf.  tres],  num.  adj., 
third. 

Tervingi,  orum,  pi.  m.,  a  people  of 
1 )acia. 

testamentum,  i  [testis,  a  icitness], 
n.,  a  will,  testament. 

Tetricus.  i,  m.,  (C.  Pesuvius)  Tetri- 
rus,  one  of  tlu"  Thirty  Tyrants. 

Teutobodus,  i,  m.,  a  leader  of  the 
Cimbri. 

Teutones,  um,  pi.  m.,  the  Teutones, 
a  Germanic  people  which  with  the 
Cimbri  invaded  Italy,  but  were  de- 
feated by  Marius,  102  B.C. 

Theodora,  ae,  f.,  the  wife  of  Con- 
stant ins. 

thermae,  arum,  pi.  f.,  warm  baths. 

Thessalia,  ae,  f.,  Thcssaly,  a  large 
district  in  the  nortlieastern  part  of 
Greece. 

Thessalonica,  ae,  f,,  a  city  in  Mace- 
donia. 

Thracia,  ae,  f.,  Tliracc,  a  large  di.s- 
trict  in  the  southejistern  part  of 
Europe,  between  the  Aegean  Sea, 
Macedonia,  and  the  Black  Sea. 

Tiberis,  is,  m.,  the  river  Tiber. 

Tiberius,  i,  m.,  Tiberius  {('laudiwi 
X''rn),  Roman  emperor  14-37  a.d. 

Tigranes,  is.  in.,  king  of  Armenia, 
son-in-law  of  Mitbradates,iX>-5<)  B.C. 

Tigranocerta,  ae,  f.,  the  capital  city 
of  Armenia  Maior. 

Tigris,  idis,  ra.,  the  Tigris,  a  river  in 
Mesopotamia. 

timeo.  ere.  ui.  -  ,  to  fear,  be  anxious. 

timor,  oris  [timeo]  m.,fear,  a  cause 
of  fear. 


tiro.  Onis,  m.,  a  rerrriif :  bpginner. 
Titurius.  i,  ni.,  see  Sabinus. 
Titus,  i,  m.,  7'.  Flavius  Sabinus  Ves- 

pasidnus,  Roman  emper<>r7t»-}^l  a.d, 
togra,  ae,  f.,  the  toga,  the  character- 

i.stic  outer  robe  of  the  Romans, 
togatus,  a,  um  [toga],  adj.,  clad  in 

(lie  toga  :  ill  pf'acefulgarh,  unarmed. 
toUo,  ere.  sustuli,  sublatus,  to  lift, 

raise,  take  up;  remove,  abolish. 
Tolumnius,  i,  m.,  (Lar)  Tolumnius, 

leader  of  the  Veientes. 
Tomi,  orum,  pi.  m.,  a  city  in  Lower 

Moesia. 
Torquatus.  i,  m.. 

1.  (T.)  Mdnlius  l^orqudtus,  dicta- 
tor 353  B.C. 

2.  T.  Mdnlius  Torquatus,  consul 
235  B.C. 

torquis,  is,  m.,  a  twisted  collar,  neck- 
lace. 

tot,  indecl.  adj.,  so  many. 

totus,  a,  um.  gen.  totius,  <lat.  toti, 
adj.,  (///,  all  the,  the  whole,  entire. 

tracto,    are,    avi,    atus     [freq.    of 
traho],  to  treat. 

tractus,  as  [traho],  m.,  a  stretch, 
tract. 

trado,  see  do. 

tragicus.  a,  um  [tragoedia],  adj., 
of  tragedy,  tragic. 

tragoedia.  ae.  f.,  tragedy. 

trahS,  ere,  traxi,  tractus,  to  draw, 
drag;  detain. 

con  —  contraho,  ere,  traxi. 
tractus,  to  draw  together,  col/ert, 
assemble. 

de  — detraho,  ere,  traxi,  trac- 
tus, to  draw  or  strip  of,  remove; 
drag. 

dis  —  distraho,  ere,  traxi,  trac- 
tus, to  pull  asunder,  part,  separate. 
ex  -extraho,  ere,  traxi,  trac- 
tus, to  draic  <jr  pull  out ;  prolong, 
waUc. 


0^( 


VOCABULAia 


pr6  — protralio.      ere,      traxi, 

tractus,  to  draw  forth,  bring  J or- 

iritrd,  produce  :  discover,  disclose. 

traicio,  see  *iaci6. 

Traianus,  i,  ,n.,  (J/.)  Ulpius  Crlnitus 

Trdianus,  Roman  emperor  98-117  a.d. 

tranquille       [tranquillus],     adv., 

calmly,  tranquilly. 
Tranquillma,   ae,   the  wife  of   the 

tiiilxTor  (iordianus. 
tranquillitas,  atis  [tranquillus] ,  f., 
calnine.^s,  stillness:  Tranquillitas,' 
atis  (as  title  of  emperor),  Serene 
Highness. 

tranquillus,  a,  urn,  adj.,  cabn,  peace- 
ful, tranquil. 

trans,  prep,  with  ace,  across,  beyond, 
orer. 

transalpinus,  a,  um  [trans  + 
Alpes], adj.,  across  the  Alps,  trans- 
alpine. 

transeo,  see  eo. 

tran~fer(j,  see  fero. 

trfiusfugra,  ae  [transfugio,  to  Jiee 
vci'r],  m.,  a  deserter. 

transgredior,  see  *8"radior. 

transig-o,  see  ago. 

transitorius,  a,  um  [transeo],  adj., 
adapted  for  passing  through,  hav- 
ing a  passage  loay  ;  forum  Transi- 
torium. 

transmarinus.     a.    um    [trans  + 

mare],  adj.,  beyond  the  sea. 
Trebellianus,  i,  m.,  one  of  the  Thirty 

Tvraiits. 
Trebia,  ae,  f.,  a  river  in  Cisalpine 
Ganl,  where  the  second  battle  of 
the  Second  Punic  War  was  fouglit. 
trecentesimus,  a,  um  [trecenti], 

iinin.  adj.,  three  hundredth. 
trecenti.   ae,   a    [tres  +  centum], 

'■'•-'■  ;i'ij..  three  hundred. 
Treiueliius,  i,  m.,  a  Roman  quaestor 

who  conquered  Pseudoperses. 
tres,  tria,  num.  adj.,  three. 


Triballi,  orum,  pi.  m.,  a  Thracian 

people  of  Lower  Moesia. 
tribunus,  i  [tribus],  m.,  chief  of  a 
tribe,  tribune;  tribunus  militum 
or  militaris,  military  tribune,  cap- 
tain, one  of  the  minor  officers  of  a 
legion,   six  in    number;    tribunus 
plebis,  tribune  of  the  people,  elected 
from  the  plebeians.    The  office  was 
created  in  494  b.c.  to  protect  the 
plebeians  from  the  patricians.    Ten 
tribunes    were     elected    annually. 
Their  persons  were  sacred. 

tribuo,  ere,  i,  utus  [tribus],  to  as- 
sifffi,  gf'<^(fd,  give. 

dis  — distribuo,  ere,  i,  utus,  to 
divide,  distribute,  apportion. 

tribus,  us  [cf.  tres],f.,  a  tribe  (orig. 
a  third  part  of  the  people). 

tributum,  i  [tribuo],  n.,  «  tax,  trib- 
ute. 

tricesimus,  a,  um  [triginta],  num. 

adj.,  thirtieth. 
tricies  [triginta],  num.  adv.,  thirty 

times. 
Tricipitinus,    i,   m.,    Sp.    Lucretius 

Trieipitinus,  consul  509  b.c. 
triclinium,  i,  n.,  a  couch  for  three 

persons  reclining  at  meals,  a  dinner 

sofa. 

triduum,  i  [tres  +  dies],  n.,  the 
space  of  three  days,  three  days. 

triennium,  i  [tres  +  annus],  n.,  the 
space  of  three  years,  three  years, 

triginta,  indecl.  num.  adj.,  thirty. 

Tripolitanus,  a,  um,  adj.,  belonging 
to  Tripolis;  tripolitana  provincia, 
the  province  of  Tripolis,  m  northern' 
Africa. 

tristis,  e,  adj.,  sad,  sorroiofid ;  stern, 
strict,  severe. 

triticum,  i,  n.,  reheat. 

triumpho,  are,  avi,  atus,  to  cele- 
brate a  triumph. 

triumphus,   i,    m.,    a    triumph,    a 


Vnr  \ lU' J  ,\  I; y 


.  )  ■  5  ' 


splendid    procession   in  which    the 
vietorious  general  entered  the  city 
accompanied  by  his  soldiers  and  the 
spoil  and  captives    he  had  taken. 
The  procession  passed  around  the 
Capitoliue  Hill  into  the  Via  Sacra, 
then  into  the  Forum,  and  up  to  the 
temple  of  Jupiter  Capitolinus. 
Troia,   ae,  f.,    Troy,   a  city   in    the 
northwestern   part  of   Asia   Minor, 
renowned  for  its  ten  years'  siege  by 
the  Greeks, 
trux,  trucis,  adj.,  tcild,  savage,  stern. 
tu,  tui,  pi.  vos,  vestrum  or  vestri, 

pers.  pron.,  thou,  you. 
tueor,  eri,  tutus  or  tuitus  sum,  to 
look  at,  irateh  ;  defrnd,  protect. 

in  — intueor,  eri,  itus  sum,  to 

look  closely  at  or  upon,  gaze  at. 

Tugurini.  or  Tigurini,  orum,  pi. 

m.,  a  Helvetian  people  who  invaded 

Italy  with  the  Cimbri  and  Teutones. 

Tullius,  i,  m.,  Servius   Tullius,  the 

sixth  king  of  Rome,  r.78-5;i4  B.C. 
Tullus,  i,  lu.,  see  Hostilius. 
tum,  adv.,  then,  at  that  time;  there- 
upon. 
tumultuor.  ari,  atus  sum  [tumul- 

tus],  to  make  a  disturbance,  riot. 
tumultus,  us,  m.,  (t  disturbance,  up- 

nmr  :  rebellion,  riot. 
tumulus,  i  [tumeo,  to  swell],  m.,  a 

hillock,  mound,  hill. 
tunc,  adv.,  then,  at  that  time ;  accord- 
ingly, thereupon. 
turbo,    are,  avi,   atus    [turba,    a 

crou-d],  to  disturb,  confuse. 
turpis.  e,  adj.,  ugly  ;  base,  dishonor- 
ahlr. 

turris,  is,  f..  a  tower.     ■ 

Tusci.  orum,  pi.  m.,  the  Etruscans, 

iidiabitants  of  Etruria. 
Tuscia,  ae,  f.,  Etruria,  a  division  of 

central  Italy. 
Tusculum,  i,  n.,  an  old  town  in  La- 


tium,  about  ten  miles  southeast  of 
Rome. 

tutor,  oris  [tueor],  m.,  a  guardian, 

tutor. 
tutus,  a,  um  [tueor],  adj.,  safe. 
tuus,  a,  um  [tu],  pron.  adj.,' ?/our, 

yours. 
tyrannicus.  a,  um  [tyrannus],  adj., 

tyrannical. 
tyrannis,  idis  [tyrannus],  f.,   the 

su:ay  of  a  tyrant,  arbitrary  power, 

despotic  rule. 
tyrannus,  i.  m.,  «  ruler,  tyrant. 


U. 


ubi,  adv.,  tchere,  when :  ubi  primum, 

as  soon  ((s. 
ubicumque,  adv.,  wherever. 
'  ubique  [ubi  +  que],  adv..  anywhere. 
ullus,  a,  um,  gen.  ullius,  dat.  aili, 

adj.,  any. 
Ulpianus.  i,  m.,  (Domitiu.^)  llpidnus, 

a  celebrated  Roman  jurist. 
Ulpius.  i,  w.,  see  Traianus. 
ulterior,  ius,  gen.  oris  [ultra],  adj., 
further,    remoter;    sup.    ultimus, 
.farthest,  last,  iitmost,  greatest. 
ultio,  onis  [ulciscor,  to  avenge],  f., 

revenge. 
ultra,  prep,  with  ace,  on  the  further 

side,  beyond. 
umquam,  adv.,  at  any   time,  ever ; 

usually  with  a  netrative. 
undecimus,     a,     um     [undecim, 

eleven],  num.  adj.,  eleventh. 
unguentum.  i   [unguo,  to  anoint], 

n.,  ointmeyit,  unguent,  perfume. 
unguis,  is,  m.,  a  nail,  hoof,  claw. 
unice  [unicus].  adv.,  aloyie,  singly, 

uuiijuely. 
unicus,  a,  um  [unus],  adj.,  only, 

sole,  .tingle;  unconunon. 
uni versus,  a,  um  [unus  -)-  *vert6], 
adj.,  all  in  one,  whole,  entire. 


288 


VOCABULARY 


unus,  a    \im,  gen.  ilnius,  dat.  uni, 

adj.,  one,  onlij,  solo,  alone. 
urbs,    urbis,   f.,   a  city ;    The   City 

(Rome), 
urna,  ae  [uro,  to  hum],  i,,  a  vessel, 

iirn  (of  baked  clay). 
Uscudania.  ae,  f,,  a  city  iu  Thrace, 
usque,   adv.,  all  the  way,  right  on, 

continuoiisly,  even. 
asurpo,    are,    avi,    atus    [usus  + 

rapio],    to    make    use    of,    enjoy; 

usurp. 
usus,  us   [utor],    111.,   use,   employ- 
ment ;  experience,  training ;  projit, 

advantage,  convenience. 
usus,  a,  um,  see  utor, 
ut,    adv.,   iiiterrog.,    howf    in  what 

wayf  rel.,  as,  just  as  ;  since,  seeing 

that;  ut  .  .  .  ita,  just  as  .  .  .  so. 
ut,   conj.,    (I)    with  iiid.,  when;   ut 

prim  11  m.    as    soon    as;    (2)    with 

subj.    of    purpose,    in    order    that, 

that;  of  result,  so  that,  that. 
uterque,  traque,  trumque   [uter 

-f  que],  adj..  each  (of  two),  both. 
utor,  uti,  usus  sum,  to  make  luse 

of,  employ  ;   enjoy  ;   have,  possess  ; 

as.-tociate  loith,  be  intimate  tcith. 
titrimque  [uterque],  adv.,  from  or 

on  both  sides,  on  either  hand. 
uxor,  oris,  f.,  a  ivife. 
uxorius.  a.  um   [uxor],  adj.,  of  a 

wife. 

V. 
V.  =  5. 

vacuus,  a   lari  [vaco,  to  be  empty], 
adj.,  empty,  unoccupied. 

*vado.  ere.  — ,  — ,  to  go,  rush. 

ex  — evado,  ere,  vasi,  vasus, 
to  go  forth  or  away;  get  away, 
escape;  get  to  h",  become. 

in  — invado,  ere,  vasi,  vasus, 
to  enter ;  attack;  seize,  take  posses- 
sion of. 

vagfor  ari   at \is  sum,  ^o  wander. 


Valens,  entis,  m., 

1.  (F,)   Valens,  consul  96  a.d. 

2.  Valens,  emperor  of  the  East, 
3&4-378  A.D. 

Valeria,  ae,  f.,  daughter  of  Diocle- 
tian and  wife  of  Galerii^s. 
Valerianus,  i,  m., 

1.  (P.)  Licinius  Valerianus, 
Roman  emperor  253-200  a.d. 

2.  (P.)  Licinius   Valerianus,  son 

of  (1). 
Valerius,  i,  m.,  the  name  of  a  Roman 

gens.     See  Corvinus,  Laevinus, 

Messala.  Publicola. 
valetudo,  inis  [valeo,  to  be  ivell], 

f.,  health   (good   or   bad),  sickness, 

ivpakness. 
validus,  a,  um  [valeo,  to  be  veil], 

adj.,  .strotig,  healthy,  effective. 
vallum,    i,    n.,    stockade,    rampart, 

ivall. 
Vandal!,  orum,  pi.  m.,  Vaiidals,  a 

confederacy    of     German     peoples 

that  invaded  Italy  in  tlie  fifth  cen- 
tury A.  I), 
varie  [varius],  adv.,  variously. 
varius,  a,  um.  adj.,  diverse,  various. 
Varr5,  5nis,  m., 

1.  M.  (Terentius)  Vari-o,  n  legate 
of  Pompey  in  Spain,  where  he  was 
defeated  by  Caesar. 

2.  P.  (('.)  Terentius  T^rro,  consul 
219  and  210  B.C. 

Varronianus,  i,  consul  3<J3  a.d. 

Varus,  1,  m.,  Q.  Varus,  one  of  the 
leaders  of  the  Pompeian  party  at 
the  battle  of  Thapsus. 

vas,  vasis  (pi.  vasa,  orum),  n.,  a 
I'p.'i.^p/,  dis/i. 

vastitas,  atis  [vasto],  f.,  devasta- 
tion. 

vasto.  are,  avi,  atus,  to  lay  waste, 
devastate,  destroy. 

Vatia,  ae,  ni.,  P.  Servilius  Vatia, 
surnamed  Isauricus,  consul  79  b.c. 


vnrAnri 


.  1   t  t    i 


239 


Vecta,  ae,  f.,  an  island  off  the  south- 
ern coast  of  England,  now  the  Isle 
of  Wight. 

vehementer  [vehemens,  earnest], 
adv.,  earnestly,  seriously,  severely  ; 
exceedingly. 

vehiculum,  1  [veho],  n.,  or  vehicle, 
rarriagr. 

veho.  ere,  vexi,  vectus,  to  bear, 
carry,  convey;  in  pass,  with  navi 
or  equo,  to  sail,  ride. 

ex  —  eveho,  ere,  vexi,  vectus. 
to  lift,  raise,  elevate. 

in  — inveho.  ere.  vexi,  vectus, 
to  carry  i}i  or  to  ;  in  pass.,  ride  into, 
sail  info. 

re  —  reveho,  ere,  vexi,  vectus, 
to  carry  bark,  bring  bark,  return. 

Veientani,  orum,  pi,  ra.,  the  inhabi- 
tants of  Veil. 

Veientes,  ium,  pi.  m.,  the  people  of 
Vi'il. 

Veil,  orum,  pi.  m.,  Veii,  a  powerful 
town  in  Etruria,  about  twelve  miles 
from  Rome. 

vel  [old.  imi)erative  of  voloj,  adv. 
and  c(mj.,  even ;  or,  or  else ;  vel 
.  .  .  vel,  either  .  .  .  or. 

venditio,  onis  [vendo],  f.,  an  auction 
.s'«/f,  auction. 

vendo.  ere.  did!,  ditus  [contr.  from 
venumd5] ,  to  sell. 

venenum.  i,  n.,  poi.'^on. 

venerabilis,  e  [veneror],  adj.,  ven- 
erable, reverend. 

veneratio,  onis  [veneror],  f,,  ven- 
eration, reverence. 

veneror,  ari,  atus  sum,  to  worship, 
revere,  respect,  honor. 

Venetia,  ae,  f.,  a  district  at  the  head 
of  the  Adriatic  Sea. 

venia,  ae,  f.,  favor,  grace,  kind- 
ness. 

venio,  ire,  veni,  ventus,  to  come, 
go. 


con  —  convenio,  ire,  veni.  ven- 
tus, to  come  together,  assemble;  be 
agreed  upon,  be  suitable. 

ex  — evenio,  ire,  veni,  ventus, 
to  turn  out,  come  to  pass. 

in  — invenio,  ire,  veni,  ventus, 
to  come  upon,  find,  discover. 

inter  — intervenio,  ire,  veni, 
ventus,  to  come  ujyon,  appear,  in- 
tervene. 

per  — pervenio,  ire,  veni,  ven- 
tus, to  come  to,  reach;  penetrate, 
attain  to. 

prae  —  prae  venio,  ire,  veni, 
ventus,  to  come  before,  get  start  of, 
anticipate,  outstrip. 

sub  — sub  venio,  ire,  veni,  ven- 
tus. to  come  to  help,  aid,  o.^sist . 

super  —  supervenio,  ire,  veni, 
ventus,  to  come  to  the  rescue,  ar- 
rive; surpass. 
venter,  tris,  m.,  the  stomach;  appe- 
tite. 
Ventidius.  i,  ni.,  see  Bassus. 
verbero,  are,  avi,  atus  [verber. 

lash],  to  whip,  scourge,  beat. 
vere     [verus,    true],    adv.,    truly, 

really. 
vereor,  eri,  itus  sum,  to  fear,  dread, 

rcS)>ert. 
Verg-ilianus.  a,  um,  adj.,  Vergilian  ; 
Vergilianus  versus,  a  verse  from 
the  Aeneidiii  Vergil. 
Verona,  ae,  f.,  an  important  town  in 

Cisalpine  Gaul. 
*vert5.    ere,    i,    versus,    to    turn, 
change ;  in  pass.,  turn  about,  return. 
ab  — averts,  ere,  i,  versus,  to 
turn  away  or  oside,  avert,  divort. 

con  — converto,  ere,  i,  versus, 
to  turn  round,  change  ;  turn,  direct ; 
divert,  misuse. 

ex —  everts,  ere.  i,  versus,  to 
overturn,  dpstroy,  ruin. 
re  —  reverter ,  i,  reverti  or  (less 


o 


M 


\'<H    \I;''^ 


(,    ) 


often)   reversus  sum,  to  return; 

revert,  recur. 
versus,    us     [verto],    m.,   a   line, 

verse. 
verum    [verus,   true],   adv.,   trulf/, 

certainly ;  hut. 
Verus,  i,  m.,  see  Antoninus. 
Vespasianus,    i,    in.,  {T.    Flavius) 

Vespasimius,  Roman  emi)eror  70-79 

A.D. 

vespera,  ae,  f.,  evening. 
vespillo,  onis,  m.,  a  corpse  bearer. 
Vestalis,  e,  adj.,  pertaining  to  the 

goddess  Vesta, 
vester,  tra,  trum,  pron,  adj.,  your, 

yours  ;  Vestra  (as  title  of  emperor), 

*'Your  Serene  Hif/h)iess." 
vestis,  is,  f.,  clothing,  garments;  a 

robe. 
veto.  are.  ui,  itus,  not  allow,  forbid. 
Vetranio,  onis,  m.,  a  commander  of 

the  legions  in  Illyria  who  was  pro- 
claimed emperor  by  the  troops. 
Vettius,  i,  m.,  T.  Vettius,  a  leader  of 

the  Marsi  in  the  Marsic  war. 
Veturia,  ae,  f.,  the  mother  of  Cori- 

olanus. 
Veturius,  i,  ni.,  T.  Veturius,  consul 

:^21  B.C. 
Vetus,  eris,  m.,  consul  with  Valens, 

<r>  A.B. 
vetus,   eris,   adj.,  old,  aged;  of  a 

former  time,  ancient. 
via.    ae.   f.,   a  way,  road,  journey; 

passage. 
(Vibulanus,  i),  m.,  C.  Fabius  (Vibu- 

liinus)  consul  for  the  third  time  479 

B.C.     His    praenomen    is  generally 

given  as  Kaoso. 
vicesimus,   a,   um   [viginti],  num. 

adj.,  twentieth. 
vicinus,  a.  um  [vicus],  adj.,  near, 

neighboring. 
vicissim    [vicis,   alternation],  adv., 

i)i  turn. 


Victoali,  orum,  pi.  m.,  a  West  Gothic 
people. 

victor,  oris  [vinco] ,  m.,  a  conqueror ; 
as  adj.,  victorious. 

victoria,  ae  [vinco],  f.,  victory. 

Victorinus,  i,  m.,  one  of  the  Thirty 
Tyrants. 

victrix,  icis  [vinco],  f.,  a  victress,  a 
female  conqueror;  as  adj.,  victori- 
ous. 

vicus,  i,  m.,  a  toicn,  village. 

video,  ere,  vidi,  visus,  to  see,  per- 
ceive, understand  ;  in  pass.,  seem. 

in  — invideo,  ere.  vidi,  visus, 
to  look  askance  at,  envy. 

viginti,  indecl.  num.  adj.,  twenty. 

vilis,  e,  adj.,  cheap,  common,  ivorth- 
less. 

vilissime,  see  viliter. 

viliter  [vilis],  adv.,  sup.  vilissime; 
at  a  low  price,  cheaply. 

villa,  ae,  f.,  a  country  house,  farm, 
villa. 

Viminacium.  i,  n,,  a  town  in  Upper 
Moesia. 

Viminalis,  e  [vimen,  an  osier],  adj., 
of  osiers;  as  subst.,  Viminalis,  is, 
m.  (sc.  collis),  the  Viminal  Hill, 
one  of  the  seven  hills  of  Rome. 

vinci5,  ire,  vinxi.  vinctus,  to  bind, 
fetter. 

vinco,  ere,  vici,  victus,  to  conquer, 
defeat;  surpass:  intrans.,  pre- 
vail. 

con  — convinco,  ere,  vici,  vic- 
tus, to  overcome ;  convict,  refute  ; 
ex})ose. 

de  —  devinco,  ere,  vici,  victus, 
to  conquer  completely,  subdue. 

Vindelici,  orum,  pi.  ni.,  a  people 
dwelling  in  the  Roman  province  of 
Vindelicia,  south  of  the  Danube. 

vindico,  are,  avi,  atus  [vis  + 
dico],  to  claim;  liberate;  avenge, 
take  vengeance  on. 


VOCAULLAilY 


211 


vinea,  ae,  f.,  a  plantation  of  vines, 

vineyard;  vine. 
vir,  viri,  m.,  a  man;  hero;  husband. 
vires,  see  vis. 
virga.  ae,  f,  «  rod. 
Virginius,  i,  m., 

1.  L.  (T.)  Virglnius,  consul  479 

B.C. 

2.  (Z.)  Virginius,  father  of  Vir- 
ginia, a  maiden  whose  attempted 
enslavement  by  Appius  Claudius  led 
to  the  overthrow  of  the  decemvirs  ; 
consul  449  B.C. 

Virgo,  inis,  f.,  a  young  girl,  maiden, 

virgin. 
Viriathus,  i,  m.,  a  celebrated  Lusita- 

nian  chief  who  maintained  a  sepa- 
rate command  against  the  Romans 

for  several  years, 
viridis,  e,  adj.,  green,  fresh,  new. 
Viridomarus.  i,  m.,  a  leader  of  the 

Gauls  who  was  slain  by  Marcellus. 
viritim    [vir],  adv.,   man    by  man, 

separately,  individually. 
virtus,    Gtis    [vir],    f.,    inanliness, 

valor;  goodness;  virtue. 
vis.  fren,  and  dat.  wanting,  ace.  vim, 

abl.  vi,  f.,  strength,  force;   hostile 

force,  violence ;  quantity,  number; 

pi.  vires,  energy,  vigor,  resources; 

vim  facere.  to  use  violence. 
Viscellinus,  i,  m.,  Sp.  Cassius  (Vis- 

celUnus),   the  first  master    of    the 

borse  at  Rome, 
vita,  ae  [vivo],  f.,  life,  conduct. 
Vitellius,  i,  m., 

1.  (A.)  Vitellius,  Roma.n  emperor, 

09  A.D. 

2.  (L.)  Vitellius,  brother  of  (\). 
vitio,   are,   avi.  atus  [vitium],  to 

make  faulty,  taint,  corrupt,  defile, 
dis^)nnor. 
vitiosus,  a,  um  [vitium],  adj.,/w;/ 
of  faults,  faulty  ;  wicked,  depraved 


vitium,  i,  11.,  a  fault,  vice. 
vivo,  ere,  vixi,  — ,  to  live. 
vivus,   a,     ini    [viv5],  adj.,  living, 

alive. 
vix,    adv.,    ivith    difficulty,    hardly, 

scarcely. 
voco,  are,  avi,  atus  [vox],  to  call, 
summon  ;  rouse  ;  namp. 

ex  — evoco,  are,  avi,  atus,  to 
call  out,  summon. 

pro— provoco,  are,  avi,  atus, 
to  challenge. 

re  — revoco,  are,  avi.  atus,  to 
recall,  recover. 
volo,  velle,  volui,  — ,  to  be  willing, 
icish. 

magis  -  malo,    malle,  malui, 
— ,  to  wish,  rather,  prefer. 

ne  — nolo,  nolle,  nolui,  — ,  to  be 

unwilling,  not  to  icish,  not  to  want. 

Volsci,    orum,   pi.   m.,  an    ancient 

tribe  living  in  tlie  south  of  I>atium. 

Volumnia,  ae,  f.,  the  wife  of  Corio- 

lanus. 
voluntarius,    a,    um    [voluntas], 

atij.,  of  free  will,  voluntary. 
voluntas,  atis  [vol5],  f.,  will,  desire, 

liirUnd/ii,)}. 

Volusianus.  i,  m.,  son  of  the  em- 
peror Gallus.  His  father  conferred 
the  title  of  Caesar  upon  him  in  251 
A.D.  and  Augustus  in  252  a.d. 

voracitas,  atis,  f.,  greediness,  rav- 
enousness. 

vox,  vocis,  f.,  voice,  sound,  tone; 
cry,  call :  saying,  speech. 

vulnero,  are,  avi,  atus  [vulnus,], 
to  H'ound,  hurt,  injure. 

vulnus,  eris,  n.,  a  wound;  blow,  mis- 
fortune. 

Vulso,  onis.  m.,  L.  ^fanlius  Vulso, 
consul  2'}(]  B.C. 

vultus,  us,  m.,  the  expression  of  the 
face,  features,  countenance. 


HAZ.   ELTROPIUS 


16 


212 


REFERENX^ES 


X.  -  10. 

Xanthippus,  i,  m.,  a  Lacedaemonian 
who  commanded  the  Carthaginians 
against  the  Romans  under  Regulus. 


Xerxes,  is,  m.,  a  king  of  the  Persians 
who  was  conquered  by  Alexander 
Sever  us. 

Z. 

Zenobia,  ae,  f.,  queen  of  Palmyra. 


Ul':Fi:!n-.NCES    1  n 


I  \ 


KMCSS^    NLW    LAliX 


Gh'AMMARS    (1898) 


P.  7. 

N.  1.  600,  II. 

P.  15. 

N.  1.  463. 

2.  417. 

2.  426,  3. 

3.  489. 

4.  444. 

5.  590. 

6.  .598. 

P.  16. 
P.  17. 

N.  1.  487. 
N.  1.  479,3. 

2.  468. 

3.  591,  1. 

P.  8. 

N.  1.  483. 

4.  425,  4,  N. 

2.  429. 

3.  485,  2. 

4.  238. 

P.  18. 

N.  1.  5W,  I. 

2.  456,  2. 

3.  2.38 ;  588.  II 

P.  9. 

N.  1.  442. 

4.  473,  3. 

2.  425,  4. 

P.  H>. 

N.  1.  411. 

P.  10. 

N.  1.  428,  2. 

P.  20. 

N.  1.  652. 

2.  646. 

2.  476. 

3.  568. 

3.  475. 

4.  564,  II. 

4.  629. 

P.  11. 

N.  1.  462. 

5.  480. 

2.  418. 

P.  21. 

N.  1.  646. 

P.  12. 

N.  1.  507,  4. 

2.  643. 

2.  570;  550. 

P.  22. 

N.  1.  462,  3. 

3.  440,  2. 

2.  568. 

4.  628. 

P.  23. 

N.  1.  440,  3. 

P.  13. 

N.  1.  638,  3. 

2.  434. 

2.  579. 

3.  485,  2. 

r.  u. 

.\.   1.    140,  3. 

P.  25. 

N.  1.  426,  1. 

2.  598. 

2.  135. 

3.  238. 

3.  448,  1. 

4.  428,  2. 

4.  643,  3. 

P. 

27. 

N.  1.  628. 
2.  440,3 

P. 

28. 

N.  1.  628. 
2.  473,  1 

P. 

29. 

N.  1.  434 

2.  426,  3 

3.  485,  3. 

P. 

30. 

N.  1.  630. 

P. 

31. 

N.  1.  425,  2. 

P. 

32. 

N.  1.  488,2. 

2.  440,  2. 

3.  475. 

4.  473,  3. 

P. 

33. 

N.  1.  483. 
2.  639. 

P. 

U. 

N.  1.  476. 
2.  429. 

P. 

35. 

N.  1.  603,  2. 
2.  642. 

P. 

36. 

N.  1.  643. 
2.  417. 

P. 

37. 

N.  1.  567. 

2.  433. 

3.  489. 

4.  485,  2. 

P. 

38. 

N.  1.  636,  1. 

2.  5.31. 

3.  480. 

REFERENCES 


243 


P.  39.  N. 


1.  5(34,  III. 

2.  425,  4,  X. 

3.  447. 


P.  40 

N.  1.  4.39. 

2.  440,  2. 

3.  628. 

P.  41. 

N.  1.  467. 

P.  42. 

N.  1.  479,3. 

2.  639. 

3.  440,  2. 

P.  43. 

N.  1.  475,3. 

P.  44. 

N.  1.  588,  II. 

P.  45. 

N.  1.  598. 

2.  600,  II. 

3.  426,  3. 

P.  46. 

N.  1.  533. 

2.  567. 

P.  47. 

N.  1.  462. 

2.  425,  2. 

3.  430. 

4.  444. 

5.  570. 

P.  48.  X. 


P.  49.  N. 
P.  50.  N. 

P.  51.  N. 
P.  52.  N. 
P.  u4.  N. 

P.  55.  N. 

P.  56.  N. 


1.  638,  3. 

2.  571,  3. 

3.  475. 

4.  463. 

5.  649,  II. 

1.  442. 

2.  53:j. 

1.  4C,2.  3. 

2.  418. 

1.  4;^. 
1.  442. 
1.  626. 

1.  440,  2. 

2.  444. 

1.  440,  3. 

2.  427. 

3.  588.  II. 


P.  57 
P.  58 


P.  59. 
P.  60. 


P.  61, 


4.  434. 

5.  426,  6. 

N.  1.  568,  7. 
2.  628. 

.  N.  1.  630. 

2.  417. 

3.  426, 1. 

4.  473,  2. 

5.  570. 

X.  1.  ()21. 
2.  392. 

N.  1.  591,  1. 

2.  647. 

3.  579. 

4.  477. 

N.  1.  488,  2. 

2.  420,  2. 

3.  498. 


I 


P.  62.  N.  1.  426,3. 
2.  426,  1. 
.:.  458.  3. 

P.  63.  N.  1.  425,  4,  \. 

2.  468.  ;',. 

P.  64.  X.  1.  .598. 
2.  429. 

P.  65.  N.  1.  488,  2. 

2.  434. 

3.  471. 

P.  66.  X.  1.  47.3,2. 

P.  67.  X.  1.  591,  1. 

P.  6.S.  X.  1.  440,3. 
2.  4'M. 

P.  69.   \.  1.  579. 

2.  480. 

3.  175,4. 

4.  448.  1. 

P.  70.  X.  1.  477. 

2.  598,  I. 


TYHtKJRAHHY    BY    J.    S      (MSHING    A    O..,    NuKM 


P.  71.  N.  1.  427. 
2.  450. 
P.  72.  X.  1.  442,  1. 
P.  73.  X.  1.  426,4. 
P.  74.  X.  1.  im. 

2.  469,  2. 
P.  75.  X.  1.  (LXi. 

2.  58«,  II. 
2.  471. 
P.  77.  N.  1.  m,  1. 
P.  78.  X.  1.  .'-.OS,  3. 
2.  4<;s,  .3. 
p.  79.  X.  1.  479,  1. 
P.  80.  X.  1.  4m,  1. 
P.  HI.  X.  1.  4.-.O. 
P.  ^3.  X.  1.  425,2. 
P-  ^4.  X.  1.  475. 
P.  8.-).  X.  1.  (;22. 

P.  8«i.  X.  1.  447. 

2.  440,  3. 
P.  ^7.  X.  1.  477. 

2.  45<),  .3. 
P.  H«.».  X.  1.  4.34. 
P.  1>0.  X.  1.  4.58.  3. 
P.  91.  X.  1.  4.V). 
P.  i>2.  X.  1.  ."!♦•_>.  1. 

P.  9.;.  X.  1.  rm,  i. 

2.  59S. 

P.  *M.  X.  1.  47«i.  1. 

P.  95.  X.  1.  .-.H4. 

P.  90.  X.  1.  479,2. 
2.  2.W. 

P.  98.  X.  1.  4.50.  1. 

P.  W.  X.  1.  481. 

2.  .591,  1. 

3.  .579. 

P.  100.  X.  1.  4.34. 
P.  101.  X.  1.  4r)»>,  .3. 

OOU.    M.\SS. 


Cicero's    I.aclius    l)c    Amicitia 


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Apology  of  Socrates   and   Crito 
iind  ii  Piirt  of  rhc  Phacdo 

WITH    INTRODUCTION,   COMMENTARY,    AND   CRITICAL   APPENDIX 


By  rev.   C.   L.   KITCHEL,  M.A. 

Instructor  in  Greek  in  Yale  University 


Flexible  Binding,    i2mo,   i88  page; 


Price,   $1.25 


The  Dialogues  of  Plato  contained  in  tliis  volume  exliibir 
the  moral  c,ual,t,es  ol  Socrates  in  their  highest  man  festet  ons 
and  also  give  some  msight  into  those  inteflectual  processes  bv 
virtue  of  which  he  made  an  epoch  in  philosophy.  I ,  orde'  Urn 
th  s  s>ory  may  not  be  mcomplete  or  lack  its  climax,  ti?is  e  Ii  on 
adds  to  the  Apology  ^^A  Crito  (usually  given  to-^e  her  wi  hout 

he  l.^,f  "'°"^  "'="  Pf '  °f  «he  haedo\l\c^  des?rXs  in     etai 
the  last  sayings  and  doings  of  Socrates. 

^,„i'^*''^rfu"'''P?'"=*i°"  Sives  sucli  a  clear  and  comprehensive 
outline  of  the  hie  character,  and  philosophy  of  Socrates  tin  he 
student  cannot  fail  to  see  clearly  what  manner  of  man  le  was 
and  why  h.s  influence  was  so  decided  upon  his  own  tin  e  and 
upon  succeeding  ages.  This  historical  sketch  is  followed  bv 
0  her  aids  to  an  understanding  of  Plato's  dramatic  representation 

purt^f  irt'he™DtTogu"el'^^'-'  "^''"'  ^"■^'>-^'^  °^  "'<^  -^--" 

Wol'^^''^  ^T-^    adopted    in   this   edition   is   based   upon   that   of 

S;'^  VoM  T..;^"  'if'"  ''^'  of  Hermann  (6  volL.  Teubner 
L.eipzig-Vol.  I.,  i886).  The  grammatical  and  exe^etical  notes 
have  been  drawn  freely  from  many  sources  but  priifcipaUy  rom 
Cron  (Teubner,  Leipzig,  1895).  *     ^ 

ind  ^l^r\  ^''''-'''''^  ^^'^^'^^^  ^^i^^  commend  this  edition  to  students 
and  teacher,  are  its  convenient  form,  clear  open  type  and  full 
mdices  making  it  a  together  a  most  attractive  and^seVv  ce^^^^^^^ 
text-book  for  the  study  and  class  room.  ^erviceaoie 


"^'^'^r^/^'I^^!';  ^?  Vf?  f  ^^'^''  ^"-'^'^''^  ^"  ^^y  -^^'--^  on  receipt 
t^t^  %n  '  ,^"''^'^^^r^'^-  ,  Copies  of  the  Text  Edition  {paper 
oinding)  ixJill  he  sent  on  receipt  of  jo  cents. 


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